Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: Lack of communication such that when CN VI nucleus activates ipsilateral lateral rectus, contralateral CN III nucleus does not stimulate medial rectus to contract. (epomedicine.com)
The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) is known for its very long travel from the brainstem to the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle, where it provides an important function by stimulating abduction of the eye [1] [2]. (symptoma.com)
Abducens nerve palsies, or sixth nerve palsies, results in weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. (symptoma.com)
Supplies the lateral rectus2
A small motor nerve that supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye: The abducent is the ocular muscle whose contraction turns the eyeball outward. (wordinfo.info)
Here, it moves towards the lateral wall of the orbit and supplies the lateral rectus muscle. (brainmadesimple.com)
Muscles21
Six of the extraocular muscles, the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye and the other muscle, the levator palpebrae superioris, controls eyelid elevation. (wikipedia.org)
The four recti muscles are named according to their relative positions of attachment - the superior rectus muscle, lateral rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, and inferior rectus muscle. (wikipedia.org)
The recti muscles are all of almost equal length of around 40 mm but the lengths of their associated tendons differ. (wikipedia.org)
Four of the extraocular muscles have their origin in the back of the orbit in a fibrous ring called the common tendinous ring: the four recti muscles. (wikipedia.org)
The four recti muscles attach directly to the front half of the eye (anterior to the eye's equator), and are named after their straight paths. (wikipedia.org)
The superior and inferior recti do not pull straight back on the eye, because both muscles also pull slightly medially. (wikipedia.org)
Branches of the infraorbital artery supply the inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. (wikipedia.org)
In one eye, in two antagonistic muscles, like the lateral and medial recti, contraction of one leads to inhibition of the other. (wikipedia.org)
This is followed by placing non-absorbable sutures to fix each split belly of the transposed muscles to the sclera at the equator adjacent to the medial rectus such that the split muscles lie nearly parallel to the medial rectus till the equator before reflecting away. (bmj.com)
These sutures augment the force of the transposed muscles by redirecting the force vectors in the direction of action of the medial rectus. (bmj.com)
such as, the "rectus laterals muscles" of the eyes, move the eyeballs outwardly. (wordinfo.info)
Bell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII which controls the muscles of the face (the facial nerve), causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. (scirp.org)
Botox, more specifically Botulinum toxin , is a medical and cosmetic agent administered by qualified practitioners as a purified neurotoxin that temporarily paralyses muscles in the face. (hedoxclinic.co.uk)
These muscles include four recti (lateral, medial, superior, and inferior) and two obliques (superior and inferior) and are involved in eyeball movements. (brainmadesimple.com)
All the extraocular muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III) except the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles, which are innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV) and abducent nerve (CN VI), respectively. (brainmadesimple.com)
The rectus capitus muscles are displaced to the left. (acvr.org)
The paired pouches are separated by a combination of a thin midline septum as well as the longus capitis and rectus capitis ventralis muscles. (acvr.org)
As the third cranial nerve controls many of the eye's muscles and functions, palsy of this nerve can result in complete or partial paralysis of the eye. (optometrists.org)
What is collectively referred to as the hip flexors is actually a group of muscles that includes the iliopsoas, the thigh muscles (rectus femoris, Sartorius and tensor fasciae latae), and the inner thigh muscles (adductor longus and brevis, pectineus and gracilis). (unlockhipflexor.com)
Inferior oblique3
The last muscle is the inferior oblique, which originates at the lower front of the nasal orbital wall, and passes under the LR to insert on the lateral, posterior part of the globe. (wikipedia.org)
The modified technique involves splitting of the lateral rectus into two halves followed by transposing the superior half from below the superior oblique and superior rectus and inferior half from below the inferior oblique and inferior rectus to attach them at the superior and inferior edge of the medial rectus insertion, respectively. (bmj.com)
The inferior oblique muscle arises anteromedially, immediately lateral to the nasolacrimal canal. (dartmouth.edu)
Medial and lateral2
Note that medial and lateral are relative terms. (wikipedia.org)
Each pouch is separated into medial and lateral compartments by the stylohyoid bone. (acvr.org)
Palsy6
One of the described techniques for management of oculomotor palsy has been medial transposition of the lateral rectus muscle which provides a good surgical alternative but often can result in undercorrection. (bmj.com)
Palsy resulting from a cavernous sinus lesion can cause severe head pain, chemosis (conjunctival edema), anesthesia in the distribution of the 1st and 2nd division of the 5th cranial nerve, and paralysis of the 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
The later one is sixth nerve palsy, (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for triggering contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye resulting in double vision on the affected side. (scirp.org)
Bell's palsy is termed as a one-sided facial nerve paralysis. (scirp.org)
The principal symptom of abducens nerve palsy is the presence of binocular horizontal diplopia , as the eye is not able to perform abduction, resulting in lateral displacement [4] [5]. (symptoma.com)
Nerve14
There is less chance of recovery in case of complete paralysis of the sixth nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Surgical management of complete third nerve paralysis is a challenge. (bmj.com)
Satisfactory postoperative primary gaze alignment was achieved in three cases of complete third nerve paralysis. (bmj.com)
Injury to this nerve results in lateral rectus muscle weakness or paralysis. (uchicago.edu)
Abducent nerve: The sixth cranial nerve, which emerges from the skull to operate the lateral rectus muscle. (definithing.com)
Paralysis of the abducent nerve causes inward turning of the eye. (definithing.com)
The next most common cause of facial nerve paralysis is trauma (accidental or surgical). (scirp.org)
The most common clinical signs are variable degrees of epistaxis, dysphagia due to damage to glossopharyngeal nerve and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve (2,5,6), as well as Horner's syndrome, pharyngeal paralysis and laryngeal hemiplegia (2,5). (acvr.org)
The sixth cranial nerve is responsible for sending signals to the lateral rectus muscle. (optometrists.org)
When the sixth cranial nerve becomes damaged, it prevents the lateral rectus muscle from operating and results in an inward eye turn (esotropia) and double vision. (optometrists.org)
The lateral lemniscus, to a large extent, comes from the nuclei of termination of the cochlear nerve of the opposite side. (co.ma)
If this results in lateral motion of the lower jaw on the percussed side, then the reflex is positive, indicating damage to the cortical innervation of the motor portion of the Trigeminal Nerve. (legalsoftsolution.com)
The action of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is adduction of the vocal folds, and it is innervated by the inferior laryngeal nerve, which is a branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (shiken.ai)
Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness , resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and esotropia. (symptoma.com)
Sclera2
The eye abducts sluggishly, and even when abduction is maximal, the lateral sclera is exposed. (msdmanuals.com)
It arises from the common tendinous ring and is inserted on the sclera at its lateral aspect. (brainmadesimple.com)
Thus, the medial rectus is the muscle closest to the nose. (wikipedia.org)
This posterior medial angle causes the eye to roll with contraction of either the superior rectus muscle or the inferior rectus muscle. (wikipedia.org)
The superior oblique muscle originates at the back of the orbit (a little closer to the medial rectus, though medial to it), getting rounder as it courses forward to a rigid, cartilaginous pulley, called the trochlea, on the upper, nasal wall of the orbit. (wikipedia.org)
The muscle becomes tendinous about 10mm before it passes through the pulley, turning sharply across the orbit, and inserts on the lateral, posterior part of the globe. (wikipedia.org)
This is done either directly or indirectly, as in the lateral rectus muscle, via the lacrimal artery, a main branch of the ophthalmic artery. (wikipedia.org)
Each rectus muscle receives blood from two anterior ciliary arteries, except for the lateral rectus muscle, which receives blood from only one. (wikipedia.org)
1 The puncture site of choice for PRG insertion is located in the lower third of the stomach, equidistant between the greater and lesser curvature and lateral to the rectus muscle. (archbronconeumol.org)
Either of the sixth pair of cranial nerves that convey motor impulses to the rectus muscle on the lateral side of each eye: The ophthalmologist had to correct the abducentes of Maureen's organs of vision because she had a paralysis of the nerves which resulted in diplopia or double vision. (wordinfo.info)
A Case of Muscle Transplantation in the Lateral Rectus Muscle Paralysis. (jkos.org)
Because the tonic action of the medial rectus muscle is unopposed, the eye is slightly adducted when the patient looks straight ahead. (msdmanuals.com)
An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze. (ouhsc.edu)
It supplies only one extraocular muscle, i.e., the lateral rectus. (brainmadesimple.com)
As the name shows, the lateral rectus is a small straight muscle present on the lateral side of the eyeball in the orbital cavity. (brainmadesimple.com)
The lateral cricoarytenoid is an intrinsic muscle of the larynx. (shiken.ai)
In order to achieve this, the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle must originate from the arch of the cricoid cartilage and attach to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. (shiken.ai)
The blood supply to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is provided by the laryngeal branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. (shiken.ai)
It is important to understand the role of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle because it is a critical part of the larynx, and is involved in many vocal activities. (shiken.ai)
Therefore, any disruption to the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle can lead to serious disturbances in speech. (shiken.ai)
One of the most common issues associated with the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is vocal fold paralysis. (shiken.ai)
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is a complex and important structure in the larynx. (shiken.ai)
Posterior2
The posterior aspect of the lateral wall (zygomatic and sphenoid bones) is demarcated by the superior and inferior orbital fissures. (dartmouth.edu)
Perpendicular plate: forms posterior part of lateral wall of nasal cavity 2. (slideshare.net)
Midline2
Medial indicates near the midline, and lateral describes a position away from the midline. (wikipedia.org)
Processing in the midline regions targets movements of the axial musculature, whereas the lateral regions target movements of the appendicular musculature. (foobrdigital.com)
Brainstem1
Here, we review the most important differential diagnoses ( Mimics ) for patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis and brainstem syndromes and highlight some of the more unusual presentations ( Chameleons ) of GBS-related disorders. (bmj.com)
Lemniscus1
We must associate, therefore, the inferior colliculus, and also the corpus geniculatum mediale, which likewise receives fibres from the lateral lemniscus, with the organ of hearing. (co.ma)
Unites with frontal bone to form lateral orbital margin b. (slideshare.net)
Movements1
BS is more often associated with hemiataxia, i.e. incoordination of movements, while WS more often presents with paralysis symptoms. (symptoma.com)
Gaze1
We describe a modification of the existing technique of medial transposition of the split lateral rectus by force augmentation through the use of equatorial fixation sutures resulting in an improved outcome in primary gaze alignment. (bmj.com)
Orbit2
The margin of the orbit, readily palpable, is formed by the frontal, zygomatic, and maxillary bones (fig. 45-1 A). It may be considered in four parts: superior, lateral, inferior, and medial. (dartmouth.edu)
The orbit possesses four walls (fig. 45-1 A and C): a roof, lateral wall, floor, and medial wall. (dartmouth.edu)
Surgical1
Vocal fold paralysis may be caused by a variety of factors including trauma to the larynx, neurological diseases, or certain types of surgical procedures. (shiken.ai)
Frontal2
The lateral margin is formed by the zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the frontal process of the zygomatic bone. (dartmouth.edu)
The lateral hemispheres are primarily concerned with planning motor functions through frontal lobe inputs that are returned through the thalamic projections back to the premotor and motor cortices. (foobrdigital.com)
Extent1
The extent of rolling in the recti is less than the oblique, and opposite from it. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebral cortex1
The MCP is part of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway that connects the cerebral cortex with the cerebellum and preferentially targets the lateral regions of the cerebellum. (foobrdigital.com)
superior and middle nasal conchae project inferomedially from lateral wall 2. (slideshare.net)
Action1
This is important in coordinating the motion of the lateral rectus in one eye and the medial action on the other. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
2,3 In ALS patients with paresis or paralysis of the left hemidiaphragm, the stomach is secondarily elevated and may be located intrathoracic, which may make PRG difficult or even impossible to perform. (archbronconeumol.org)
Lower1
Scoliosis is a sideways (lateral) curvature of the spine that can be caused when one lower extremity is shorter than the other (functional scoliosis) or because of an abnormal architecture of the spine (structural scoliosis). (unlockhipflexor.com)