Lateral cells of the neural plate. Medical search. Frequent questions

In mice, during gastrulation on embryological day 7.5, cells fated to become intermediate mesoderm show the mouse OSR1 homologue, Osr1, expression. (wikipedia.org)
A day later, it is expressed in the intermediate mesoderm, lateral to the neural plate. (wikipedia.org)
Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
The mesenchyme that fills the pharyngeal arches is derived from the following 3 origins: the paraxial mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm, and the neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
Although paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm contribute to the musculature that develops in each particular arch, neural crest cells contribute to the skeletal portion of each arch. (medscape.com)
The dermis originates from the somites, the lateral plate mesoderm and the cranial neural crest. (biologists.com)
The neural crest contributes to the craniofacial skeleton, with somites and the lateral plate mesoderm forming the axial skeleton and the limbs respectively. (edu.au)
Vertebrates form their skeletal tissues from three distinct origins (the neural crest, paraxial mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm) through two distinct modes of ossification (intramembranous and endochondral ossification). (bvsalud.org)
However, it remains unclear what directs the paraxial mesoderm-derived cells toward these different fates in distinct skeletal elements during human skeletal development. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, we developed a system that recapitulates intramembranous ossification, and that enables the induction of two distinct modes of ossification by controlling the cell fate of the hPSC-derived paraxial mesoderm derivatives. (bvsalud.org)
Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the prechordal mesoderm are joined by the progenitors of the head process that are recruited from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
Other mid-gastrula organizer cells join the expanding mesodermal layer and colonize the cranial and heart mesoderm. (silverchair.com)
These cells originate from the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the facial primordia. (medscape.com)
In the body region they correspond in number with the spinal nerves and with the primitive segments into which the mesoderm becomes divided, but in the cephalic region their arrangement is more irregular, and some of the ganglia of the cerebral nerves receive additional cell elements from the surface ectoderm. (co.ma)
In the early stages these ganglia are completely isolated structures which lie along the sides of the neural tube between the lateral walls of the tube medially, and the mesoderm somites laterally. (co.ma)
Various embryonic origins contribute to dermis at different regions of the body: dermis of the back skin - dorsal dermis - is derived from somitic dermatome, dermis of the ventral and flank regions is derived from lateral plate mesoderm and the head dermis originates from neural crest cells. (lifemapsc.com)

Consistent with the different origins of dorsal and ventral dermal cells, our results demonstrate both conserved and divergent roles ofβ-catenin/Wnt signaling in dermal development. (biologists.com)
These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
In all chordates, the central nervous system derives from a dorsal neural plate, which rolls into a dorsal hollow neural tube. (biologists.com)
In vertebrates, NCCs are specified all along the lateral borders of the neural plate, which meet at the dorsal midline upon neural tube closure. (biologists.com)
In cephalochordates, the other major chordate subphylum, cells along the lateral borders of the neural plate give rise to melanocytes associated with a series of light-sensing organs in the neural tube, known as Dorsal Ocelli 2 . (biologists.com)
In tunicates, similar dorsal melanocytes arise from the lateral borders of the neural plate and become associated with a light-sensing ocellus and a gravity-sensing otolith 4 . (biologists.com)
SHH signaling regulates dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube by repressing genes that are associated with dorsal and lateral fates and by activating genes associated with ventral fates (reviewed by Briscoe and Ericson, 2001 ). (silverchair.com)
The cells at the ventral pole of the neural tube instead acquire dorsal or lateral identities that are normally repressed by SHH signaling. (silverchair.com)
consequently, when the lateral margins of the folds meet and unite, the tube, which is completed by their fusion, is embedded in the body of the embryo, but, for a time, its dorsal wall is attached to the surface ectoderm by a ridge of cells, formed by the fused lateral margins of the neural plate. (co.ma)
The primitive ganglia grow as cell buds from the neural crest which, for a time, connects the dorsal wall of the neural tube with the surface ectoderm. (co.ma)
The fibres which grow out of the dorsal ends of the ganglia enter the walls of the neural tube, and by their means the ganglia regain connexion with the tube. (co.ma)
Lateral body folds develop, resulting in the ectoderm clothing the lateral as well as dorsal surfaces of the embryo. (ehd.org)
It takes origin as a ganglionic crest, forming a continuous lateral unsegmented band, on the dorsal surface of the medullary tube. (co.ma)
Has2 is required upstream of Rac1 to govern dorsal migration of lateral cells during zebrafish gastrulation. (knaw.nl)
The pallium is further subdivided into three longitudinal zones: dorsal, medial, and lateral. (intechopen.com)
This differential distribution of competence is established during gastrulation paralleling the dorsal restriction of neural competence. (xenbase.org)

Simultaneously with the appearance of the cell buds which form the primitive ganglia, the neural crest disappears, and directly after the ganglia are formed they lose their connexion with both the neural tube and the surface ectoderm and become isolated cell clumps. (co.ma)
During gastrulation in Xenopus, the head ectoderm is subdivided into the central nervous system ( CNS ) anlage ( neural plate ) and the non- CNS ectoderm (i.e. epidermis , placodes and neural crest ). (xenbase.org)
Interestingly, before the establishment of the preplacodal region, Xfoxi1a expression is detected in the entire cephalic non-neural ectoderm at the mid- and late gastrula stages. (xenbase.org)
It is present at the cranial end of the disc but is very scant between the prochordal plate and overlying ectoderm. (ehd.org)
Zebrafish DeltaNp63 is a direct target of Bmp signaling and encodes a transcriptional repressor blocking neural specification in the ventral ectoderm. (knaw.nl)
Neural tube is formed from an ectoderm lying over the notochord, and extends from the prochondral plate to the primitive knot. (homeopathy360.com)
Differential distribution of competence for panplacodal and neural crest induction to non-neural and neural ectoderm . (xenbase.org)
It is still controversial whether cranial placodes and neural crest cells arise from a common precursor at the neural plate border or whether placodes arise from non-neural ectoderm and neural crest from neural ectoderm . (xenbase.org)
Using tissue grafting in embryos of Xenopus laevis, we show here that the competence for induction of neural plate , neural plate border and neural crest markers is confined to neural ectoderm , whereas competence for induction of panplacodal markers is confined to non-neural ectoderm . (xenbase.org)
We further show that Dlx3 and GATA2 are required cell-autonomously for panplacodal and epidermal marker expression in the non-neural ectoderm , while ectopic expression of Dlx3 or GATA2 in the neural plate suppresses neural plate , border and crest markers. (xenbase.org)
Ectodermal marker expression in tailbud stage embryos (albino) that had received neural plate grafts (pigmented and/or mycGFP-labeled) into belly ectoderm at stage 13. (xenbase.org)
After grafting mycGFP-labeled or pigmented ectoderm from various locations and stages into the lateral neural plate border (NB) of stage 12-13 hosts (A,H), expression of panplacodal ( Six1 ), neural crest ( FoxD3 ) or neural ( Sox3 ) markers was analyzed in tailbud stage embryos (B-K). (B′-K′) Sections through grafts. (xenbase.org)
L,M) Comparison of FoxD3 , Sox3 and Six1 induction after grafting belly (L) or neural plate ectoderm (M) into NBs of different stage hosts. (xenbase.org)
The early process of vertebrate neurogenesis is divided into several basic processes, such as differentiation into the neural plate (neural induction) and formation and maturation of the neural network from the ectoderm. (justia.com)
BMP4 is a factor which induces the ectoderm into epidermal cells. (justia.com)

These stem/ progenitor cells are in direct contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which acts as part of their niche. (stanford.edu)
We further provide evidence to support the hypothesis that transcription factors (TFs) required to drive induction, differentiation, and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neural progenitor cells which give rise to terminally differentiated SNpc neurons are uniquely involved in both developmental patterning and metabolism, a dual function unlike other TFs that program neurons in other brain regions. (frontiersin.org)
The use of these TFs during induction and differentiation may program ventral midbrain progenitor cells metabolically to higher ATP levels, allowing for the development of those specialized cell processes seen in terminally differentiated cells. (frontiersin.org)
Interfollicular skin develops normally only when the activity of the progenitor cells in the basal layer is counterbalanced by the exit of cells into the suprabasal layers, where they differentiate and cornify. (biomedcentral.com)
Self-renewal of the epithelium of the small intestine is a highly regulated process involving cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells or progenitor cells located at the bottom of the crypt, ending. (biomedcentral.com)
The retina has greater proliferative potential than the other two compartments by virtue of the presence of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), which are capable of dividing repeatedly and generating retinal neurons and Müller glia on distinct developmental schedules. (molcells.org)
However, Shh istem is initiated by inductive signals that direct the fate of expressed by cells at the ventral midline of the embryonicneural progenitor cells. (fliphtml5.com)
Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. (rupress.org)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

The facial primordia are made up mainly of neural crest cells that have migrated from the cranial crest and settled. (medscape.com)
All of these prominences are produced by the proliferation of the neural crest cells that migrate into the arches from the neural crest during the fourth week of gestation. (medscape.com)
The neural crest cells give rise to the connective tissue components, including cartilage, bone, and ligaments in the facial and oral regions. (medscape.com)
Of course, one of the most important vertebrate features is a population of cells called the Neural Crest Cells (NCCs). (biologists.com)
Prior to emigration, the neural crest cells in the head are formed according to which facial primordium they belong. (medscape.com)

However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. (frontiersin.org)
After formation of the head fold, the plate area will become the cranial end of the foregut. (ehd.org)

Mouse embryonic limb muscle connective tissue cells express the transcription factor Osr1, differentiating into fibrogenic and adipogenic cells in vivo and in vitro and defining an embryonic Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAP) like population. (wikipedia.org)
This is because NCCs are a population of stem cell-like progenitors that delaminate and migrate to give rise to a dizzying array of cell types all throughout our bodies and most of the skull: pigment cells, sensory neurons, glia, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (biologists.com)
Presumably, the ability to delaminate, migrate, and differentiate into several different cell types would have been added on to these ancestral melanocyte progenitors 6,7 . (biologists.com)
Early neural progenitors respond to extrinsic cues that maintain and support their potency. (stanford.edu)
The progressive recruitment of IZ progenitors along the mediolateral (future dorsoventral) axis prefigures the earlier maturation of the MH basal plate. (pasteur.fr)
It also correlates with a lower sensitivity of medial versus lateral IZ progenitors to the neurogenesis inhibition process that maintains the IZ pool. (pasteur.fr)
Similar to E(Spl), we show that the activity of Gsk3beta/PKA is sensed differently by medial versus lateral IZ progenitors. (pasteur.fr)
Furthermore, we identify the transcription factor Gli1, expressed in medial IZ cells, as an antagonist of E(Spl) and Gsk3beta/PKA, and demonstrate that the neurogenesis-promoting activity of Gli1 accounts for the reduced sensitivity of medial IZ progenitors to neurogenesis inhibitors and their increased propensity to differentiate. (pasteur.fr)
In neural progenitors, single cell imaging with unstable reporters has revealed asynchronous pulsatile fluctuations in regulatory gene expression, which is masked by static measurements of population averages. (manchester.ac.uk)
It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
However, stem cells are difficult to distinguish from multipotential progenitors, which may look and act like them. (karger.com)
Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)

The signaling requirements for ventral dermal cell development have not been established in either the chick or the mammalian embryo. (biologists.com)
In addition, we show that, at later stages,Wnt/β-catenin signaling is sufficient for ventral dermal cell specification. (biologists.com)
Loss of FKBP8 causes ectopic and ligand-independent activation of the Shh pathway, leading to expansion of ventral cell fates in the posterior neural tube and suppression of eye development. (silverchair.com)
After the primitive ganglia have lost their connexion with the neural tube they increase in size by the proliferation of their constituent cells, and they migrate ventrally along the sides of the neural tube, but the migration ceases before the ventral ends of the ganglia reach the level of the ventral wall of the tube. (co.ma)
As the migration proceeds clumps of cells are budded off from the ventral ends of the ganglia. (co.ma)
In the first instance the secondary cell buds which form the sympathetic ganglia wander ventrally and medially, from the ventral ends of the primitive ganglia, until they attain the positions afterwards occupied by the ganglia of the sympathetic trunks on the ventro-lateral aspects of the vertebral column. (co.ma)
It is stated that some of the sympathetic nerve-cells are derived from the ventral parts of the lateral walls of the neural tube, but the evidence on this point is not entirely satisfactory. (co.ma)
Dopaminergic cells of the ventral midbrain that project to the striatum play an essential role in governing motor behavior in mammals. (frontiersin.org)
The primordial eye field in the anterior neural plate is specified immediately after gastrulation to form the optic vesicle (OV), a neuroepithelial evagination of the ventral-lateral diencephalic area. (molcells.org)
1993). The identityEngland of the ventral neuronal cell types that are generated inIIHoward Hughes Medical Institute response to midline-derived signals, however, appears to§Center for Neurobiology and Behavior depend on the position of origin of neuronal progenitorColumbia University cells along the rostrocaudal axis. (fliphtml5.com)
1992), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), also termed Vhh-1ferentiation of ventral neuronal cell types in explants or Hhg-1, has been implicated in the induction of ventralderived from prospective forebrain regions of the neu- cell types. (fliphtml5.com)
Furthermore, exposure of neural plate explants tomatch those of the ventral neurons generated in these SHH leads to the differentiation of motor neurons in addi-two subdivisions of the forebrain in vivo. (fliphtml5.com)
1995), suggesting that SHH participates in the induc-the induction of distinct ventral neuronal cell types tion of ventral neurons at caudal levels of the neuraxis.along the entire rostrocaudal extent of the embryoniccentral nervous system. (fliphtml5.com)
Here we identify a hypothalamus to telencephalon neural pathway for regulating impulsivity involving communication from melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing lateral hypothalamic neurons to the ventral hippocampus subregion (vHP). (nature.com)

This early process includes occurrence of neural precursor cells, pattern formation of the nervous system, and proliferation and differentiation of neural precursor cells. (justia.com)

Although it is expressed broadly, FKBP8 is required to antagonize SHH signaling primarily in neural tissues, suggesting that hedgehog signal transduction is subject to cell-type specific modulation during mammalian development. (silverchair.com)
In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
Loss of Xfoxi1a /b function results in an expansion of the neural plate and reduction of non-neural ectodermal tissues. (xenbase.org)
Apoptosis is observed in developing tissues and is believed to remove abnormal cells. (oist.jp)
In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)

The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that regulates cell growth and differentiation during embryonic development, called embryogenesis, in animals. (asu.edu)
Collectively, these data reveal a specific neural circuit that regulates impulsivity and provide evidence of a novel function for MCH on behavior. (nature.com)

Here, we introduce an integrative method to model human skeletal development by combining in vitro sclerotome induction from human pluripotent stem cells and in vivo endochondral bone formation by implanting the sclerotome beneath the renal capsules of immunodeficient mice. (bvsalud.org)
Term Amniotic membrane (AM) is a very attractive source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) due to the fact that this fetal tissue is usually discarded without ethical conflicts, leading to high efficiency in MSC. (biomedcentral.com)
The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells. (texasgateway.org)
Here, we provide transcriptome-wide landscapes of m 5 C modification in poly(A)-enriched RNAs together with mRNA transcription and translation profiles for mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in three different concentrations of folate. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

Induction of ectodermal markers at neural plate boundaries. (xenbase.org)

The number of changes in shape of embryo and inner structures occurs due to rapid growth of cells in the central part of the embryonic disc and growth of somites. (homeopathy360.com)

A-H ) Time lapse analysis of a live chick embryo expressing GFP under the control of Nkx2-5- en analyzed at different time points. (elifesciences.org)
An organizer population has been identified in the anterior end of the primitive streak of the mid-streak stage embryo, by the expression of Hnf3β , Gsc lacZ and Chrd , and the ability of these cells to induce a second neural axis in the host embryo. (silverchair.com)
This cell population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of the mouse embryo at successive stages of development. (silverchair.com)
Cells that are fated for the head process move anteriorly from the mid-gastrula organizer in a tight column along the midline of the embryo. (silverchair.com)
Movement and rearrangement of the cells in the embryo is called: (DGK. (mdcatustad.com)

F-J ) Cross sections through different stages of embryonic development corresponding to the embryos shown in A-D. The mouse Isl1- en (green, GFP) and control pCAAG-RFP (red). (elifesciences.org)
We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
A-J) Effects of Bmp or Wnt signals on Xfoxi1a expression in the gastrula and neurula were analyzed by injecting pCS2- BMP4 (2.5 pg DNA/cell) (B,G), Chd (50 pg RNA /cell) (C,H), pCS2- Wnt1 (2.5 pg DNA/cell) (D,I) or Dkk1 (125 pg RNA/cell) (E,J) into all the animal blastomeres of eight-cell embryos. (xenbase.org)
B) Flag-tagged Xfoxi1a mRNA (50 pg/cell) was injected with Xfoxi1a -MO (2.5 ng/cell), Xfoxi1b-MO (2.5 ng/cell) or the control five-base mismatched Xfoxi1a MO into animal cells of eight-cell embryos. (xenbase.org)
Sp −/− is a widely used neural tube defect (NTD)-prone mouse model with an impaired ability to synthesize thymidylate and undergoes a spontaneous occurrence of neural tube defects in its embryos [ 23 , 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They determined that the hh gene encodes a family of hh proteins, which mediate both cell-to-cell interactions and has long-range effects in developing Drosophila embryos. (asu.edu)
In the zebrafish embryos, Ingham's group identified a Dhh gene and the Shh gene as active in the notochord, a structure in chordate embryos, in the floor plate, a structure that in vertebrate embryos develops into the nervous system. (asu.edu)
We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)

NC cells differentiate to form a broad array of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, cartilage, craniofacial mesenchyme, and melanocytes ( Mayor and Theveneau, 2013 ). (jneurosci.org)
During vertebrate development, distinct classes of neurons arise at stereotypical locations along the dorsoventral axis of the spinal neural tube. (silverchair.com)
SNpc dopaminergic neurons are more vulnerable to oxidative stress compared to other brain cell types, but the reasons for this are not precisely known. (frontiersin.org)
We suggest that the energy demands of the unique morphological and electrophysiological properties of SNpc neurons may be one reason these cells produce more ATP than other cells. (frontiersin.org)
The small cluster of cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) release the neurotransmitter dopamine to neurons of the striatum which project to the basal ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
The central nervous system is composed of large numbers of excitable nerve cells and their processes, called neurons, which are supported by specialized tissue called neuroglia. (medscape.com)
Neurons induced in explants derived from plate at the time that these two cell groups exhibit theirboth diencephalic and telencephalic levels of the neu- inductive activities (Riddle et al. (fliphtml5.com)
Virtually all of the neurons and glia that populate the mature brain arise from neural precursors (NPs) that reside immediately adjacent to the lateral ventricles. (karger.com)
Results from additional functional connectivity and neural pathway tracing analyses implicate the nucleus accumbens as a putative downstream target of vHP MCH1 receptor-expressing neurons. (nature.com)
In this region, six major classes of retinal neurons differentiate and form neural circuits responsible for vision. (oist.jp)
Although apoptosis is important for establishment of proper neural circuits by eliminating abnormally differentiated neurons, it is unclear how differentiating cells monitor their own abnormality, and how the threshold at which apoptosis is induced is determined. (oist.jp)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)

In vitro neurosphere assays revealed striking increases in the number of neurosphere forming cells from p107 −/− brains that exhibited enhanced capacity for self-renewal. (rupress.org)
The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. (mdpi.com)
Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)

We have experience with working with multiple model systems, including Xenopus , zebrafish, Embryonic Stem cell and Neural Stem cell culture, quantitative approaches and molecular methods. (manchester.ac.uk)
16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)

pink) populations in vertebrates, with some neural crest and placode derivatives listed on either side. (frontiersin.org)
Most contemporary researchers in the fields of neural crest and placode "evo-devo" have directed their efforts and expertise toward the study of either neural crest or placodes in isolation, the inevitable result of specialization that characterizes modern scientific research. (frontiersin.org)
We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
The inner ear arises from a specialized set of cells, the otic placode, that forms at the lateral edge of the neural plate adjacent to the hindbrain. (biomedcentral.com)

The profile of genetic activity and the tissue contribution by cells in the organizer change during gastrulation, suggesting that the organizer may be populated by a succession of cell populations with different fates. (silverchair.com)
Gastrulation is the process in which the cells in the blastula rearrange themselves and form three layers of cells. (texasgateway.org)

A thickened area of midline endoderm known as the prochordal plate develops immediately in front of the notochordal process. (ehd.org)

Notochord is a midline structure, which develops between primitive streak and prochrondal plate. (homeopathy360.com)

The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)

Thus, the coelom is constructed as a result of a binary decision during early specification of the lateral plate. (biologists.com)
We seek to understand the mechanisms of cell fate specification, cell differentiation, and cell maturation during skeletal development, with a particular focus on epigenome dynamics and genomic targets of transcription factors. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
1994), raising the possibilityaction of signals that impose regional character on cells that this gene participates in the specification of neuronalat different rostrocaudal positions within the neural plate identity within the forebrain as well as at more caudal levels(Doniach et al. (fliphtml5.com)

Neuronal production in the midbrain-hindbrain domain (MH) of the vertebrate embryonic neural tube depends on a progenitor pool called the ;intervening zone' (IZ), located at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. (pasteur.fr)

We showed that the BTNs receive synaptic inputs from sensory cells embedded in the epidermis of the tail 11 . (biologists.com)
When BMP4 is activated, cells differentiate into the epidermis. (justia.com)

We aim to understand cell fate determination processes in terms of gene regulation and epigenome dynamics and to provide proof-of-concept of the genome-inspired strategy for tissue regeneration and repair. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
Thus, cell fate transitions may not be driven simply by genes being turned on or off, but by a change in the dynamics of gene expression for example, from fluctuating or pulsatile expression to a more stable state. (manchester.ac.uk)

The cell types that Osr1 expressing cells will differentiate into are determined by the timing of loss of expression - cells that will become part of the vasculature or ureteric epithelium lose expression of Osr1 early (E8.5), and those that become nephrons lose expression later (E11.5). (wikipedia.org)
Cell condensation is the process whereby populations of cells gather together and differentiate into a single cell type, be it cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon etc. (edu.au)
Lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fiber cells, each of which are integrated in a stereotyped geometric pattern to form spherical lens fiber core. (oist.jp)

In particular, the present invention provides neurogenesis inducing genes coding for Zic proteins, vectors containing such genes, host cells containing such vectors, proteins produced by such host cells, antibodies raised to such proteins, and therapeutic agents or agents for gene therapy for nervous diseases. (justia.com)
Neurogenin, NeuroD, XASH-3, XATH-3) which are involved in the control of neural induction (i.e., neurogenesis, neural differentiation) and in the coding for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are also known. (justia.com)

Although the peripheral nervous systems of tunicate larvae have several sensory neuron subtypes 9 , none of them have been decisively linked to NCCs, either because they do not arise from the neural plate borders or because they more closely resemble non-NCC-derived sensory cells in vertebrates. (biologists.com)
The individual facial primordia are populated by neural crest cell populations that arise in different regions of the head neural folds. (medscape.com)
Therefore, not only the CB and iris, which arise from the CM domain, but also the retina, fail to grow to normal size when CM cell proliferation is impaired. (molcells.org)

The skeletal system is primarily mesodermal in origin, with additional input from the neural crest. (edu.au)
This review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of RUNX-mediated transcriptional regulation in different skeletal cell types. (bvsalud.org)

Proliferation of the cells of the notochordal canal results in formation of solid rod of cells, known as definitive notochord . (homeopathy360.com)
Shh is expressed by the notochord and floorral plate. (fliphtml5.com)

We performed gain and loss of function studies for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and showed a depletion of NSCs, a subset of multipotential neural precursors and immature oligodendrocytes in LIF null mice. (karger.com)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)

Recently, the gene regulatory networks specifying and differentiating these cells have been shown to be shared with the NCC-derived melanocytes of vertebrates, strengthening the case for homology 5 . (biologists.com)
The introductory section has been streamlined from six chapters to three one each on developmental anatomy, the mechanisms of gene regulation during differentiation, and cell cell communication during morphogenesis. (usmlebooksdownload.com)
Using single cell quantitative approaches, live imaging, multiple experimental model systems and mathematical modeling we have put forward the hypothesis that a mutually antagonistic interaction of a key neural progenitor transcription factor (TF) Hes1 and a microRNA, miR-9 is sufficient to generate pulsatile gene expression at the single cell level. (manchester.ac.uk)
11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)

Overexpression of Dlx3 (but not GATA2 ) in the neural plate is sufficient to induce different non-neural markers in a signaling-dependent manner, with epidermal markers being induced in the presence, and panplacodal markers in the absence, of BMP signaling. (xenbase.org)

Genetic lineage tracing shows that developmental Osr1+ cells give rise to a subset of adult FAPs. (wikipedia.org)
A-D ) Expression pattern of the Isl1 -en at different developmental stages. (elifesciences.org)
Each cell population has its own distinct developmental features and generates unique cell types. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
As a stem cell and developmental molecular biologist, Dr. Fame is dedicated to broad collaboration focused on translating an understanding of neural development and CSF biology into regenerative strategies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disease. (stanford.edu)
This paper provides a cellular and developmental framework for understanding the selective vulnerability of SNpc dopaminergic cells to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
Developmental Cell. (knaw.nl)

The floor of the furrow is the neural plate, which is bound on each side by neural folds. (ehd.org)
These bulging gives rise to head fold, tail fold and lateral folds. (homeopathy360.com)

Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)
In recent years, our understanding of how cells make cell state transitions has been transformed by the application of single cell molecular technology that revealed a large degree of non-genetic heterogeneity in seemingly homogeneous populations of cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)

During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)

The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)
NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)

Conversely, misexpression of Xfoxi1a suppresses Sox2 and induces keratin in the anterior neural plate . (xenbase.org)
The anterior root of a spinal nerve arises in quite a different way, from cells (neuroblasts) in the substance of the medullary tube. (co.ma)
During vertebrate development, the retina is originally derived from anterior neural plate. (oist.jp)

The upper jaw develops from the following 5 main buds of tissue: a single median frontonasal mass (sometimes present as the median nasal processes or frontonasal prominences), the 2 lateral nasal prominences on both sides, and, flanking these, the 2 maxillae (maxillary prominences). (medscape.com)

A fore-hind axis begins within the inner cell mass at the time of implantation. (medscape.com)

Her research program encompasses the early neural stem cell niche, neural tube closure, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), metabolism, and cortical neuronal development. (stanford.edu)
Our research program encompasses the early neural stem cell niche, neural tube closure, CSF, metabolism, and cortical neuronal development. (stanford.edu)
Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)

Adhesion molecules, epithelial cell surface receptors and extracellular matrix molecules initiate condensation and set its boundaries. (edu.au)
Lenses consist of two cell-types: lens epithelial cells and lens fiber cells. (oist.jp)

These secondary cell buds are the rudiments of the sympathetic ganglion cells and of the chromaffin tissue which is found in the sympathetic nerve plexuses, the medulla of the suprarenal glands, and in the carotid glands. (co.ma)
The coelom is lined by two different tissue components, somatopleure and splanchnopleure, which are derived from the lateral plate region. (biologists.com)
The growth of individual tissue compartments is mainly related to the proliferation of the cells that comprise that compartment, whereas intercellular communication mediated by various morphogens and growth factors is responsible for coordination of growth between neighboring tissue compartments. (molcells.org)
Currently, 17 murine and human KLFs are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue and organ pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)

It produces extracellular matrix and communicates with neighboring cells to maintain normal skin physiology and acts as a signaling center enabling epidermal growth, proliferation, differentiation and wound healing. (lifemapsc.com)

The complex pattern of cell types forebrain (Echelard et al. (fliphtml5.com)

Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. (rupress.org)

Caudal to this area there develops a shallow, broad, median furrow called the neural groove, which lies over the notochordal process described below. (ehd.org)

The differentially translated genes induced by low folate are associated with cytoplasmic translation and mitochondrial function, while the differentially translated genes induced by high folate are associated with increased neural stem cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)

Taken together, these findings demonstrate a non-neural versus neural origin of placodes and neural crest , respectively, strongly implicate Dlx3 in the regulation of non-neural competence, and show that GATA2 contributes to non-neural competence but is not sufficient to promote it ectopically. (xenbase.org)

At this period, therefore, the nervous system consists of the neural tube and the primitive ganglia. (co.ma)
The neural plate is the first appearance of the nervous system. (ehd.org)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

Anatomy54

Organisms18

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Mesoderm17

Dorsal16

Ectoderm15

Progenitor cells9

Crest cells5

Cranial2

Progenitors12

Ventral14

Precursor cells1

Tissues5

Regulates2

Stem cells6

Ectodermal1

Somites1

Embryo5

Embryos8

Neurons14

Vitro3

Zebrafish2

Placode4

Gastrulation2

Endoderm1

Midline1

Migrate1

Specification3

Vertebrate embryonic1

Epidermis2

Fate2

Differentiate3

Neurogenesis2

Arise3

Skeletal2

Notochord2

NSCs3

Gene4

Induce1

Developmental8

Folds2

Populations3

Intermediate2

Adjacent2

Embryonic development2

Anterior3

Nasal1

Axis1

Neuronal5

Epithelial2

Tissue6

Skin physiology1

Forebrain1

Mammalian1

Median1

Genes1

Implicate1

Nervous3