In contrast to the influx of amino acids, the degradation of proteins is also the important intracellular mechanism for releasing free amino acids both under steady-state conditions and during cellular stresses. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this work, boron (B) was used to promote Fe3+/peracetic acid (Fe3+/PAA) for the degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT). (bvsalud.org)
Growth3
After two months of feeding with such diets, we analyzed the mercury accumulation in tissues, the mice body growth kinetics, the possible behavioral impairments, and the concentration of neurotransmitters in various brain structures. (hindawi.com)
Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Amino acids are essential for cellular homeostasis, growth and proliferation via their contribution to a diverse range of cellular processes. (spandidos-publications.com)
LAT211
Transport of a neurotoxicant by molecular mimicry: the methylmercury-L-cysteine complex is a substrate for human L-type large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 and LAT2. (nih.gov)
To test this hypothesis, studies were carried out in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing two of the major L-type carriers in humans, LAT1-4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) and LAT2-4F2hc. (nih.gov)
Oocytes expressing LAT1-4F2hc or LAT2-4F2hc demonstrated enhanced uptake of [(14)C]MeHg when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, but not when administered as the D-cysteine, N -acetyl-L-cysteine, penicillamine or GSH complexes. (nih.gov)
Kinetic analysis of transport indicated that the apparent affinities ( K (m)) of MeHg-L-cysteine uptake by LAT1 and LAT2 (98+/-8 and 64+/-8 microM respectively) were comparable with those for methionine (99+/-9 and 161+/-11 microM), whereas the V (max) values were higher for MeHg-L-cysteine, indicating that it may be a better substrate than the endogenous amino acid. (nih.gov)
L-type amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (LAT1 and LAT2), the isoforms of system L (leucine-preferring), facilitate the diffusion of large (LAT1/SLC7A5) and smaller (LAT2) neutral amino acids across membranes. (turkupetcentre.net)
3. Involvement of LAT1 and LAT2 in the high- and low-affinity transport of L-leucine in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells). (nih.gov)
7. A study of L-leucine, L-phenylalanine and L-alanine transport in the perfused rat mammary gland: possible involvement of LAT1 and LAT2. (nih.gov)
8. Genetic polymorphisms in the amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2 in relation to the pharmacokinetics and side effects of melphalan. (nih.gov)
11. Over-expression of renal LAT1 and LAT2 and enhanced L-DOPA uptake in SHR immortalized renal proximal tubular cells. (nih.gov)
15. High- and low-affinity transport of L-leucine and L-DOPA by the hetero amino acid exchangers LAT1 and LAT2 in LLC-PK1 renal cells. (nih.gov)
18. Small molecule inhibitors provide insights into the relevance of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno-foetal amino acid transport. (nih.gov)
Uptake3
Moreover, the involvement of the different isoforms of the system L in tyrosine uptake and LAT1 tyrosinekinetics were studied in fibroblast cell lines of 10 patients with schizophrenia and 10 healthy controls. (nih.gov)
Increased O-(2-[ 18 F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([ 18 F]FET) uptake in tumours has been assumed to caused by overexpression of LAT1. (turkupetcentre.net)
17. Transport of 3-fluoro-L-α-methyl-tyrosine by tumor-upregulated L-type amino acid transporter 1: a cause of the tumor uptake in PET. (nih.gov)
Transporters8
Although it is generally assumed that this rapid transport is due to simple diffusion, recent studies have demonstrated that MeHg is transported as a hydrophilic complex, and possibly as an L-cysteine complex on the ubiquitous L-type large neutral amino acid transporters (LATs). (nih.gov)
Amino acid transporters are ubiquitously expressed in the body. (turkupetcentre.net)
In most types of cancer , amino acid transporters are up-regulated, thus providing a target for diagnostic PET radiopharmaceuticals and anticancer drugs. (turkupetcentre.net)
Amino acid transporters are categorized into at least 17 distinct classes ( Bröer, 2008 ). (turkupetcentre.net)
System A (alanine-preferring) amino acid transporters are important in regulation of cell growth. (turkupetcentre.net)
These transporters are sodium-dependent active transporters, that is, able to transport amino acids against their concentration gradients. (turkupetcentre.net)
6. Differential expression and functional characterization of system L amino acid transporters in human normal osteoblast cells and osteogenic sarcoma cells. (nih.gov)
12. System L-amino acid transporters are differently expressed in rat astrocyte and C6 glioma cells. (nih.gov)
SLC7A51
The present study assessed haplotype tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SLC7A5/LAT1 gene in 315 patients with psychosis within the schizophrenia spectrum and 233 healthy controls to investigate genetic vulnerability to the disorder as well as genetic relationships to homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), the major catecholamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (nih.gov)
Efflux1
14. Specificity of the volume-activated amino acid efflux pathway in cultured human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Tyrosine4
Tyrosine is the precursor of catecholamines, and its major transporter, according to studies on fibroblasts, in the brain is the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). (nih.gov)
The LAT1 isoform was confirmed as the major tyrosine transporter in patients with schizophrenia. (nih.gov)
However, the kinetic parameters (maximal transport capacity, affinity of the binding sites, and diffusion constant of tyrosine transport through the LAT1 isoform) did not differ between patients with schizophrenia and controls. (nih.gov)
The present genetic findings call for independent replication in larger samples, while the functional study seems to exclude a role of LAT1 in the aberrant transport of tyrosine in fibroblasts of patients with schizophrenia. (nih.gov)
Regulation2
1. L-leucine transport in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231): kinetics, regulation by estrogen and molecular identity of the transporter. (nih.gov)
4. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulation of L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT-1) expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Functional1
13. Expression and functional characterization of the system L amino acid transporter in KB human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
System3
The Cystine/glutamate antiporter (system x C - ) is an active transporter for negatively charged amino acids, such as L-glutamate . (turkupetcentre.net)
5. Inhibition of system L (LAT1/CD98hc) reduces the growth of cultured human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
10. Characterization of the system L amino acid transporter in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
Expression1
Normal tissues with high demand for amino acids for peptide synthesis may have high expression of LAT1, too. (turkupetcentre.net)
Side1
Systems A and ASC mainly transport amino acids with short, polar, or linear side chains, such as L-alanine and L-serine. (turkupetcentre.net)