Subunit ribosomal RNA geneTRNASequencesEukaryoticPutativePhylogeneticMitochondrialPolymeraseProteinRRNA genesPartialProteinsRDNARibosomeIsolatesSpeciesGenomeGenomicComplete sequencePhenotypesNucleotideGenomesLocusPolymerasesMtDNAAmpliconBacteriaTranscriptsSynthesisEnzymesBacterialMicrobesTarget genesCompoundsNucleusChromosomalPhylogenyOxidative phosphorylationStructuralSmallMolecular FunctionIntronsAnalysisRegulatoryHighly expressedPhenotypeStrandsClusterNucleotidesPromoterNovoPromotersChromosomeInterestinglyAmino acidsTranscription and translationFragmentSingleExpression
Subunit ribosomal RNA gene1
- Suspected Basidiobolus species were tentatively identified using routine bench tests and phenotypes were authenticated by phylogenetic analysis of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. (academicjournals.org)
TRNA7
- 40 nt) RNAs and deep sequencing, they found that small 5' tRNA fragments represent 80% of total small RNA content in sperm. (epigenie.com)
- tRNA fragments were scarce in testicular sperm but became abundant as sperm matured in the epididymis by vesicles called Epididymosomes, which deliver the "RNA payload" over the course of the week long voyage known as sperm maturation. (epigenie.com)
- Sequence and primer extension analysis revealed the presence of putative genes encoding tRNA lle and tRNA Ala within the 16S-23S spacer region, as well as a number of potential regulatory features. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Also repeats, transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were annotated. (escholarship.org)
- In bacteria , a single RNA polymerase produces the primary transcript precursors for all three major classes of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). (basicmedicalkey.com)
- The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are chemical cousins of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
- In addition, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes necessary for the intramitochondrial synthesis of these 13 polypeptides. (medscape.com)
Sequences16
- Multiple sequences of the 16S rRNA gene can exist within a single bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
- It is suggested that 16S rRNA gene can be used as a reliable molecular clock because 16S rRNA sequences from distantly related bacterial lineages are shown to have similar functionalities. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to highly conserved primer binding sites, 16S rRNA gene sequences contain hypervariable regions that can provide species-specific signature sequences useful for identification of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, the 16S gene contains highly conserved sequences between hypervariable regions, enabling the design of universal primers that can reliably produce the same sections of the 16S sequence across different taxa. (wikipedia.org)
- Phylogenetic position of the kinetoplastids, Cryptobia bullocki , Cryptobia catastomi , and Cryptobia salmositica and monophyly of the genus Trypanosoma inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. (wikimedia.org)
- These known sequences (primers) serve to prime the reaction that amplifies the gene of interest. (noaa.gov)
- These elements included a single promoter, which was mapped upstream of the 16S rRNA gene and which was similar to Escherichia coli consensus promoter sequences, an AT-rich upstream region, a GC-rich motif that may be involved in stringent control, leader and spacer antitermination sequences, sites for ribonuclease processing, and a putative factor-independent terminator sequence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Berg K.L. , Squires C. , Squires C.L. Ribosomal RNA operon anti-termination Function of leader and spacer region box B-box A sequences and their conservation in diverse microorganisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- We also described the phylogenetic relationships among these species which were analyzed using ribosomal RNA and other gene sequences. (usda.gov)
- Phylogenetic analysis based on gene sequences, in particular, ribosomal sequences, has provided the major supporting evidence for the composition and taxonomic subdivision of this group of organisms with diverse habitats and ecology and has become the mainstream for the Acholeplasmataceae systematics. (usda.gov)
- The main module page also shows the location of these motifs within the upstream sequences of the module member genes. (systemsbiology.net)
- cMonkey tries to identify two motifs per modules in the upstream sequences of the module member genes. (systemsbiology.net)
- Polyadenylated RNA (mRNA) was sequenced on the Illumina Genome Analyzer II system and 2.8 gigabases of sequences were obtained and 59129 contigs assembled. (concordia.ca)
- Specific sequences on DNA, called promoters , determine where the RNA polymerase binds and how frequently it initiates transcription. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- In a structural gene, the transcribed region contains the coding sequences that dictate the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- To resolve phylogenetic relationships among ries of bacterial clonal complexes by using concatenated isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from Europe and North sequences of housekeeping genes when within-loci and America at 1 chromosomal locus (16S-23S ribosomal RNA between-loci recombinations are infrequent ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Eukaryotic6
- While 16S hypervariable regions can vary dramatically between bacteria, the 16S gene as a whole maintains greater length homogeneity than its eukaryotic counterpart (18S ribosomal RNA), which can make alignments easier. (wikipedia.org)
- To address this, we developed new approaches to improve the recovery of eukaryotic MAGs and applied these to large collections of assembled metagenomes in an effort to systematically identify both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MAGs. (researchsquare.com)
- However as eukaryotic genomes are generally larger and lower in abundance in shotgun metagenomic datasets, they often go unreported. (researchsquare.com)
- However, the nature of the genes encoded by eukaryotic protozoa and fungi within these environments has not been explored using metagenomic or metatranscriptomic approaches. (concordia.ca)
- This study provides a snapshot of eukaryotic gene expression in the muskoxen rumen, and identifies a number of candidate genes coding for potentially valuable lignocellulolytic enzymes. (concordia.ca)
- Eukaryotic genes are transcribed in the nucleus by three different RNA polymerases , each principally responsible for one of the major classes of RNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Putative3
- The sources of genome expansion include group I introns and accessory genes encoding putative homing endonucleases, DNA and RNA polymerases (presumed to be of plasmid origin) and hypothetical proteins. (umd.edu)
- The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. (yeastgenome.org)
- These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
Phylogenetic7
- The 16S rRNA gene is used for phylogenetic studies as it is highly conserved between different species of bacteria and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
- In the 28S ribosomal RNA gene phylogenetic tree, the strains assembled in the subclade encompass Basidiobolus spp. (academicjournals.org)
- To test this hypothesis, the phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiomes was investigated by a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence-based approach for Bacteria and Archaea . (springer.com)
- Phylogenetic trees constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Clostridiales were repeated colonizers in plaque associated with high oral disease, providing evidence that the oral environment is somehow influencing the bacterial signature linked to disease.Culture-independent analyses identified an atypical bacterial signature associated with high oral disease in West Virginians and provided evidence that the oral environment influenced this signature. (duke.edu)
- Finally, genes of B. retrofracta and 6 other Brassicaceae species were used for phylogenetic tree reconstruction. (escholarship.org)
- In chapter 3, four standard markers: almost the full-length large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene (also incorporating part of the 5.8S gene), almost the full-length small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, part of the histone three (H3) gene and the 1st and 2nd codon positions of the CO1 gene were used with the aim of resolving the basal divisions within the Stylommatophora and evaluating the phylogenetic utility of these markers. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Phylogenetic analysis of the flagellin gene (flaB) and four other protein-coding loci (clpX, pepX, recG, rplB) grouped the novel Borrelia species with hard tick relapsing fever borreliae Borrelia lonestari, Borrelia theileri, and Borrelia miyamotoi. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondrial9
- Despite the conservation of the core genes, the mitochondrial genomes of Aspergillus and Penicillium species examined here exhibit significant amount of interspecies variation. (umd.edu)
- Most of this variation can be attributed to accessory genes and mobile introns, presumably acquired by horizontal gene transfer of mitochondrial plasmids and intron homing. (umd.edu)
- More recently DNA sequence analysis of conserved regions of Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) or mitochondrial markers (e.g. cytochrome oxidase subunit I or cytochrome b oxidase) have been used. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some of the genetic changes alter single DNA building blocks (nucleotides), whereas others rearrange larger segments of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mutations in at least three mitochondrial genes can cause cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, which is a condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
- The mitochondrial genes associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency provide instructions for making proteins that are part of a large enzyme group (complex) called cytochrome c oxidase (also known as complex IV). (medlineplus.gov)
- Kearns Sayre Syndrome (OMIM #530000) occurs as a result of large-scale single deletions (or rearrangements) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are usually not inherited but occur spontaneously, probably at the germ-cell level or very early in embryonic development. (medscape.com)
- A deletion anywhere in the mitochondrial genome may affect transcription or translation of genes that were not affected by the deletion. (medscape.com)
Polymerase3
- The techniques now being employed include DNA extraction, RNA extraction, the use of agarose gel electrophoresis to visualize DNA and RNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing for genes of interest. (noaa.gov)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important technique for establishing the presence of a particular gene in an organism. (noaa.gov)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ribosomal RNA gene internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) was used. (who.int)
Protein13
- The analysis of protein coding genes suggests monophyly of Trypanosoma . (wikimedia.org)
- The two smallest sequenced genomes (A. terreus and P. chrysogenum) do not contain introns in protein-coding genes, whereas the largest genome (T. stipitatus), contains a total of eleven introns. (umd.edu)
- Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. (nih.gov)
- This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. (nih.gov)
- The protein belongs to the S9P family of ribosomal proteins. (nih.gov)
- Human ribosomal protein S16 inhibites excision of the first intron from its own]. (nih.gov)
- Binding of human ribosomal protein S16 with the 18S rRNA fragment 1203-1236/1521-1698]. (nih.gov)
- In this review, we discuss considerations of the study design for each data feature, the limitations in gene and protein abundance and their rate of expression, the current data integration methods, and microbiome influences on gene and protein expression. (rsc.org)
- 2010) Cellulosilyticum ruminicola, a newly described rumen bacterium that possesses redundant fibrolytic-protein-encoding genes and degrades lignocellulose with multiple carbohydrate- borne fibrolytic enzymes. (concordia.ca)
- Using a hybrid approach that combines homology-based and de novo methods 27,048 protein-coding genes were predicted. (escholarship.org)
- These types of RNA help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
- In the X-linked recessive form, the gene defect lies in the DKC1 gene (located at Xq28), which encodes for the protein dyskerin. (medscape.com)
- The A and B clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stric- maintenance of these clonal complexes in natural bacterial to, distinguished by outer surface protein C ( ospC ) gene populations ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
RRNA genes2
- The genes coding for it are referred to as 16S rRNA genes and are used in reconstructing phylogenies, due to the slow rates of evolution of this region of the gene. (wikipedia.org)
- These loci (rrnA, rrnB and rrnC) were isolated on recombinant lambda clones, and comprised 16S, 23S and 5S rRNA genes closely linked in that order. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Partial3
- Dikarya 26S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. (beds.ac.uk)
- Ascomycota translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene, partial cds. (beds.ac.uk)
- Ascomycota 18S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. (beds.ac.uk)
Proteins8
- Like the large (23S) ribosomal RNA, it has a structural role, acting as a scaffold defining the positions of the ribosomal proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. (nih.gov)
- As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome. (nih.gov)
- MicroRNA-7641 is a regulator of ribosomal proteins and a promising targeting factor to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
- This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
- The obvious next step is to integrate this information and learn how genes, proteins, and/or epigenetic factors influence the phenotype of a disease in context of the system. (rsc.org)
- In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)
- all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)
RDNA1
- The most notable large scale difference was in ribosomal RNA (rDNA) clusters. (epigenie.com)
Ribosome3
- 16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). (wikipedia.org)
- The RNA component of a ribosome. (ensembl.org)
- Ribosome shunting allows host translational machinery to engage polycistronic transcripts similar to RIBOSOMAL FRAMESHIFTING, and use of INTERNAL RIBOSOME ENTRY SITES. (bvsalud.org)
Isolates1
Species5
- Of these, 3,114 were single genes confined to a single species. (blogspot.com)
- All of the sequenced genomes have a group I intron in the large ribosomal subunit RNA gene, suggesting that this intron is fixed in these species. (umd.edu)
- Numerical analysis employs a large range of biochemical and metabolic tests to differentiate among rhizobial species. (benthamscience.com)
- This pilot study explored the etiology of this disparity using culture-independent analyses to identify bacterial species associated with oral disease.Bacteria in subgingival plaque samples from twelve participants in two independent West Virginia dental-related studies were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) analysis. (duke.edu)
- 16S rRNA gene-based analyses showed that less than 10 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) dominated the bacterial communities in the water phase and associated with the bottle wall after a short phase of post-bottling growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome3
- Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) revealed a few modest (~10%) changes occurring in CpG shores and large scale (300bp) methylation differences occurring primarily over several repeated gene families. (epigenie.com)
- The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
- A phenomenon that has recently come to light via metagenomic studies is the prominence of phages with genomes that are much larger than the average size of ~55 kilobases (kb) predicted based on current genome databases 2 . (nature.com)
Genomic3
- As a result of ocean exploration and research, genomic libraries can be created to preserve all of the genes (DNA) found in marine organisms. (noaa.gov)
- From genomic libraries, a gene that makes an important biomedical compound can be cloned and expressed as a chemical compound in an artificial system. (noaa.gov)
- In the present study, we searched the unreported phage genomic fragments from this lake for genes involved in methane oxidation. (nature.com)
Complete sequence1
- KF673357 Heterochlorella luteoviridis strain SAG 211-2b 18S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence. (uni-goettingen.de)
Phenotypes1
- Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. (yeastgenome.org)
Nucleotide1
- This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Genomes7
- It turns out that the size of the nucleus is related to the size of the cell, such that large genomes give rise to large nuclei and large cells. (blogspot.com)
- There is growing evidence that phages with unusually large genomes are common across various microbiomes, but little is known about their genetic inventories or potential ecosystem impacts. (nature.com)
- In the present study, we reconstructed large phage genomes from freshwater lakes known to contain bacteria that oxidize methane. (nature.com)
- Of manually curated genomes, 22 (18 are complete), ranging from 159 kilobase (kb) to 527 kb in length, were found to encode the pmoC gene, an enzymatically critical subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase, the predominant methane oxidation catalyst in nature. (nature.com)
- The recently reported phage genomes range up to 735 kb in length and encode a diversity of genes involved in transcription and translation, as well as genes that may augment host metabolism 2 . (nature.com)
- Augmentation of bacterial energy generation by auxiliary metabolic genes has been reported for phages with smaller genomes. (nature.com)
- Phages with very large genomes were recently reported from a man-made lake that covers a deposit of methane-generating tailings from an oil sands mine in Canada 2 . (nature.com)
Locus2
- The aim of this study was to develop, refine and evaluate an alternative methodology, which enables better preservation of large numbers of individual schistosome larval stages and eggs collected in low resource endemic areas, to provide PCR-quality DNA for multi-locus genetic analysis. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)
Polymerases2
- Genes are transcribed by enzymes called RNA polymerases that generate a single-stranded RNA identical in sequence (with the exception of U in place of T) to one of the strands of the double-stranded DNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- RNA polymerases differ from DNA polymerases in that they can initiate the synthesis of new strands in the absence of a primer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
MtDNA1
- The proposed mechanism is based on the knowledge that transcription of mtDNA is polycistronic, which means that all genes encoded on the heavy and light strands are transcribed as 2 large precursor RNA strands. (medscape.com)
Amplicon1
- The authors used the now-familiar molecular techniques of microbial ecology (16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing) to characterise bacterial communities in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from a large and well-matched cohort of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. (ersjournals.com)
Bacteria2
- High disease exhibited substantially increased bacterial diversity and included a large proportion of Clostridiales cluster bacteria (Selenomonas, Eubacterium, Dialister). (duke.edu)
- Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria, are important in both natural and human microbiomes because they prey on bacterial hosts, mediate horizontal gene transfer, alter host metabolism and redistribute bacterially derived compounds via host cell lysis 1 . (nature.com)
Transcripts1
- The primary transcripts are modified and trimmed to produce the mature RNAs. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Synthesis2
- Interestingly, the 2-MIB synthesis gene was consistently expressed, regardless of the water temperature. (mdpi.com)
- The transcribed region of a gene contains the template for synthesis of an RNA, which begins at the start point. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Enzymes2
- Thirteen of these genes provide instructions for making enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
Bacterial6
- As a result, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has become prevalent in medical microbiology as a rapid and cheap alternative to phenotypic methods of bacterial identification. (wikipedia.org)
- The bacterial 16S gene contains nine hypervariable regions (V1-V9), ranging from about 30 to 100 base pairs long, that are involved in the secondary structure of the small ribosomal subunit. (wikipedia.org)
- This is the first study that directly compares the faecal bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of free-ranging baleen and toothed whales which represent the two parvorders of Cetacea which members are fully aquatic large mammals which were evolutionary split millions of years ago. (springer.com)
- Scholars@Duke publication: Use of 16S ribosomal RNA gene analyses to characterize the bacterial signature associated with poor oral health in West Virginia. (duke.edu)
- Most of the gut microorganisms reside in the large intestine, which contains an estimated 10 11-12 bacterial concentrations per gram of content ( Leser and Molbak, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Ixodes ricinus ticks ( 11 ) and is carried by a large variety of ize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial hosts, including birds and small- to medium-sized mam- pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Microbes2
Target genes2
- Enhancers promote transcription by providing a binding platform for transcription factors [ 12 ] that can act on (distal) target genes through three-dimensional chromatin looping [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Compounds2
- Molecular techniques make this possible through the isolation of important genes and the production of biomedical compounds through recombinant technology. (noaa.gov)
- For example, in the search for new antitumor compounds, primers from a conserved class of antitumor compounds can be used to find the presence of this type of gene in new organisms. (noaa.gov)
Nucleus1
- Similarly, the large ribosomal RNA gene clusters that reside on different chromosomes manage to find each other in almost every cell nucleus to form another easily discernable nuclear entity, the nucleolus [ 27 - 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosomal1
- Hence, TADs are believed to represent structural chromosomal units that are of functional importance for the regulatory cross talk that determines gene expression programs. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogeny1
- Phylogeny of trypanosomes as inferred from the small and large subunit rRNAs: implications for the evolution of parasitism in the trypanosomatid protozoa. (wikimedia.org)
Oxidative phosphorylation1
- Researchers believe that impaired oxidative phosphorylation can lead to cell death in tissues that require large amounts of energy, such as the brain, muscles, and heart. (medlineplus.gov)
Structural1
- Anderson B.J. , Bills M.M. , Egerton J.R. , Mattick J.S. Cloning and expression in E coli of the gene encoding the structural subunit of Bacteroides nodosus fimbriae. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Small2
- Trypanosomes are monophyletic: evidence from genes for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and small subunit ribosomal RNA. (wikimedia.org)
- Small amounts of the sequence of that gene must be known. (noaa.gov)
Molecular Function1
- GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)
Introns1
- Some thermophilic archaea (e.g. order Thermoproteales) contain 16S rRNA gene introns that are located in highly conserved regions and can impact the annealing of "universal" primers. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis3
- Analysis of ribosomal RNA genes suggests that trypanosomes are monophyletic. (wikimedia.org)
- Baylis H.A. , Bibb M.J. Transcriptional analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the rrnD gene set of Streptomjces A3(2). (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Analysis of 270 families in the DKC registry found that mutations in dyskerin ( DKC1 ), TERT , and TERC only account for 64% of patients, with an additional 1% due to NOP10 , suggesting that other genes associated with this syndrome are, as yet, unidentified. (medscape.com)
Regulatory2
- To exert stimulatory or repressive effects on transcription, accessible regulatory DNA elements must be in close spatial proximity to susceptible genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- PCR ribotype 027 strains produce all 3 toxins and have a mutated toxin regulatory gene, tcdC , which is thought to be associated with increased toxin production in vitro ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Highly expressed3
- Interestingly, these genes are highly expressed in pre-implantation embryos and are regulated by a retroviral element: MERVL long terminal repeats (LTRs). (epigenie.com)
- Transcriptomics data from Lake Rotsee (Switzerland) showed that some phage-associated pmoC genes were highly expressed in situ and, of interest, that the most rapidly growing methanotroph was infected by three pmoC-phages. (nature.com)
- A single transcript chosen for a gene which is the most conserved, most highly expressed, has the longest coding sequence and is represented in other key resources, such as NCBI and UniProt. (ensembl.org)
Phenotype1
- In the autosomal dominant form, mutations in the RNA component of telomerase ( TERC ) or telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) are responsible for disease phenotype. (medscape.com)
Strands1
- These subsequently cleave into separate RNA strands, including transfer RNA strands. (medscape.com)
Cluster1
- were able to cluster all genes into 15,389 groups called "gene families. (blogspot.com)
Nucleotides1
- The DNA strand that directs the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA by complementary base pairing is the template strand. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Promoter1
- A gene also includes regions of DNA that regulate production of the encoded product, such as a promoter region. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Novo1
- cMonkey integrates powerful de novo motif detection to identify conditionally co-regulated sets of genes. (systemsbiology.net)
Promoters1
- Boros I. , Csordés-Tôth E. , Kiss A. , Tôrôk I. , Udvardy K. , Venetianer P. Identification of two new promoters probably involved in the transcription of a ribosomal RNA gene of Escherichia coli. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Chromosome2
- The 120 Mb of euchromatin is on two large autosomes and the X chromosome. (harvard.edu)
- MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly1
- Interestingly, there was a reproducible (~10%) change in the enhancer of a lipid regulating gene. (epigenie.com)
Amino acids1
- Dyskerin is composed of 514 amino acids and has a role in ribosomal RNA processing and telomere maintenance. (medscape.com)
Transcription and translation1
- A gene is a segment of DNA that functions as a unit to generate an RNA product or, through the processes of transcription and translation, a polypeptide chain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Fragment1
- The original LSU 1-5 fragment used extensively in studies of the Stylommatophora is found to be the most informative gene fragment among the genes used in this study. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Single3
- One of the largest single contributions of assemblies has come via the MGnify resource accounting for over 19,000 (April 2021) submitted assemblies 14 . (researchsquare.com)
- We generated single-cell transcriptomes for all major apicomplexan groups lacking large-scale sequence data. (elifesciences.org)
- In young children, single large-scale deletions may be detectable in blood. (medscape.com)
Expression2
- The team then carried out functional experiments in an embryonic stem cell system in which they used antisense LNA-containing oligonucleotides to interfere with specific tRFs and analyzed gene expression. (epigenie.com)
- Expression profile of differentially-regulated genes during progression of androgen-independent growth in human prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)