Lamp lysosomal associated membrane protein 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

The LAMP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called lysosomal associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2), which, as its name suggests, is found in the membrane of cellular structures called lysosomes . (medlineplus.gov)

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble cytosolic proteins that are then targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosome membrane for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, some of the components that participate in CMA are present in the cytosol while others are located at the lysosomal membrane (Table I). Specific selection of proteins for degradation in all forms of autophagy came to further understanding as studies discovered the role of chaperones like hsc70. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, to modulate the activity of this autophagic pathway, the cell stringently regulates the levels of the CMA receptor at the lysosomal membrane by controlling the degradation rates of LAMP-2A monomers in lysosomes and by de novo synthesis of LAMP-2A molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Degradation of LAMP-2A monomers at the lysosomal membrane occurs in discrete cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains of the lysosomal membrane and it is mediated by Cathepsin A and an unidentified lysosomal metalloprotease. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, assembly, disassembly of LAMP-2A into active translocation complex, and its degradation in microdomain regions, highlights the dynamic nature of this process and the importance of lateral mobility of the CMA receptor at the lysosomal membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that eliminates dysfunctional cytosolic biomolecules through vacuole-mediated sequestration and lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
In sialidosis, the deficiency of lysosomal alpha- N -acetyl neuraminidase prevents the normal degradation of glycoproteins containing sialic acid residues. (medscape.com)
The most common isoforms of Aβ are Aβ 40 (90%) and Aβ 42 (10%), the latter being more toxic, more prone to aggregation, more resistant to degradation, and specifically increases in all forms of familial AD[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our projects investigating lysosomal stability will contribute to finding strategies how to increase lysosomal degradation and clearance and might thus be useful in both neurodegenerative diseases and lysosomal storage disorders. (liu.se)
This results in retention of the protein within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and eventual degradation (5). (biologists.com)
The endosomal/lysosomal compartment is a principal site of intracellular protein degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
At this point TGFβ-1 signaling meets the endolysosomal compartment (hereafter referred to as lysosomes), which represents the site for processing and degradation of proteins delivered by endocytic and autophagic pathways [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein aggregation connected with dysfunctional protein degradation systems, mitochondrial perturbation related with cell death and oxidative stress were identified as mechanisms common to the two most-frequent neurodegenerative diseases in humans : Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. (encyclopedia.pub)
These mutations cause a defect in cystinosin, leading to a cystine accumulation and subsequent crystallization that occurs during protein degradation transport. (kireportscommunity.org)

Some studies have shown that in cells without the LAMP-2 protein, fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes occurs more slowly, which may lead to the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. (medlineplus.gov)
In lysosomal storage disorders, the deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme interrupts the normal catabolic pathway, resulting in the cellular accumulation of substrates ordinarily degraded by that enzyme. (medscape.com)
The specificity of these accumulated materials to the distinct enzyme defect is striking in the lysosomal disorders, and the accumulation then leads to abnormal cell architecture. (medscape.com)
Ablation of the Gnptab gene encoding a key enzyme in the M6P pathway disrupted acinar cell cholesterol turnover, causing accumulation of nonesterified cholesterol in lysosomes/autolysosomes, its depletion in the plasma membrane, and upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and uptake. (bvsalud.org)
Lysosomal storage disorders represent a class of inborn pathologies characterized by the accumulation of material in lysosomes. (liu.se)
These conditions are caused by the absence or reduced activity of lysosomal proteins, which results in the lysosomal accumulation of substances dependent on these particular proteins. (liu.se)
These proteins work in tandem to move cholesterol into and out of the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L), and defects in either protein can cause cholesterol accumulation in the LE/L (3). (biologists.com)
As accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol is a hallmark of NPC, the authors first wanted to establish if VPA is able to reduce cholesterol accumulation. (biologists.com)
An accumulation of those proteins and of lysosomal vesicles was further confirmed by independent methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, E64d caused lysosomal accumulation of Jam-a, a tight junction component facilitating epithelial cell-cell adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the first known mechanisms is the accumulation of proteins: α-synuclein (Parkinson's disease), Tau (Alzheimer's disease) and β-amyloid (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) proteins. (encyclopedia.pub)
Protein accumulation is related to a disruption of mitochondrial activity associated with cell death and oxidative stress. (encyclopedia.pub)
Different light chains are responsible for two diseases with diametrically opposite mesangial alterations: Light chain deposition disease which results in the expansion of the mesangium due to accumulation of matrix proteins not present in the normal mesangium and AL (light chain-associated) amyloidosis where the native mesangial matrix is replaced by fibrils (amyloid). (heraldopenaccess.us)

These posters to be presented at the AACR Meeting focus on the investigational nucleic acid platform, UNITE™ (UNiversal Intracellular Targeted Expression) for two vaccines, ITI-3000 for Merkel cell carcinoma (targeting the large T antigen of the Merkel cell polyomavirus) and Her2/Neu-LAMP DNA vaccine, both of which fuse a tumor associated antigen with lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1). (biospace.com)
To activate antigen-specific CD4 T cells in vivo, the investigators utilized the nucleic acid vaccine platform, UNITE (UNiversal Intracellular Targeted Expression), which fuses a tumor-associated antigen with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). (biospace.com)
This 37 kD protein can regulate cell signaling as an extracellular molecule and probably also at intracellular sites. (bvsalud.org)
Phagosome-lysosome membrane fusion is a highly regulated event that is essential for intracellular killing of microorganisms. (rupress.org)
Emerging evidence suggests that lysosomes may also be the cellular center for intracellular transport (Fig. 1 ), signaling (Fig. 2 ), and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA clone encoding lysosomal membrane glycoprotein mouse LAMP-1. (bdbiosciences.com)
Identification and characterization of LAMP-1 as an activation-dependent platelet surface glycoprotein. (bdbiosciences.com)
Sawada R, Lowe JB, Fukuda M. E-selectin-dependent adhesion efficiency of colonic carcinoma cells is increased by genetic manipulation of their cell surface lysosomal membrane glycoprotein-1 expression levels. (bdbiosciences.com)
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in several cells, including central nervous system neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
It is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. (icbinhibitor.com)
The tetraspanin CD63 is a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein that translocates to the plasma membrane after platelet activation. (neobiotechnologies.com)

LAMP-1 is a ~110 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is heavily glycosylated and widely expressed by cells primarily on the luminal surface of their lysosomes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) is a heavily glycosylated protein found inside the lysosomal membrane. (medscape.com)
It is a type I integral membrane protein with a heavily glycosylated extracellular domain and binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins. (icbinhibitor.com)
The lysosome contains over 50 different hydrolases responsible for its degradative function and a single membrane surrounds it, which is heavily glycosylated to protect other cellular compartments from its hydrolytic enzymes. (liu.se)

This substrate protein-chaperone complex binds to lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP-2A), which acts as the receptor for this pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Microbes were enumerated by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining, and phagosome-lysosome fusion was scored using both lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) as a membrane marker and rhodamine dextran as a content marker for lysosomes. (rupress.org)

CD154) is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of activated T cells, particularly on CD4 T cells, which stimulates CD40-dependent activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), resulting in enhancement of T cell and antibody responses. (biospace.com)
Immunoadhesin structure The majority of immunoadhesins combine the hinge and Fc regions of an IgGl heavy chain with the extracellular domain (ECU) of a type I transmembrane protein, usually a receptor or an adhesion molecule (Fig. 1). (coek.info)

This group includes lysosomal storage disorders, various mitochondrial diseases, other neurometabolic disorders, and several other miscellaneous disorders. (medscape.com)

Some researchers think the LAMP-2 protein may help transport cellular materials or digestive enzymes into the lysosome. (medlineplus.gov)
Lysosomal enzymes then degrade the cargo contained within the autolysosome. (hindawi.com)
However, the biochemical basis for the combined enzyme deficiency is a loss of a protective protein that interacts with both enzymes to produce catalytic activity. (medscape.com)
Finally, particles or pathogens within the phagolysosome will be degraded and cleared by the hydrolytic enzymes ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Proteome analyses revealed a high abundance of lysosomal enzymes and lysosome-associated proteins in cancer cells treated with TGFβ-1 and E64d. (biomedcentral.com)
Precursors of lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and then migrate to the cis-Golgi, where mannose residues on the oligosaccharide chain are phosphorylated to form mannose-6-phosphate (M-6-P), an important sorting signal for lysosomal enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes bind to M-6-P receptors, which direct the enzymes into clathrin-coated vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)

The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
The aim of our research is to elucidate how lysosomal functions are regulated in normal cells and how they are affected in different pathological conditions. (liu.se)

Both methods yield antibody in solution that is free of most other soluble proteins, lipids, etc. (bdbiosciences.com)
Neuromelanin organelles are specialized autolysosomes that accumulate undegraded proteins and lipids in aging human brain and are likely involved in Parkinson's disease. (uni-bielefeld.de)
PDT cytotoxic properties have been established to be due to the oxidation of a large range of biomolecules in cells, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, leading to severe alteration in cell signaling cascades or in gene expression regulation [ 13 , 14 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Lysosomes have a central role in lysosomal storage disorders and increasing evidence indicates that lysosomes are involved also in more widespread diseases, such as cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. (liu.se)
Lysosomal storage disorders frequently involve the central nervous system, where neuronal dysfunction or loss results in mental retardation, progressive motor degeneration, and premature death. (liu.se)

It is expressed in lysosomal and plasma membranes of macrophages, NK and T-cells, and with LAMP2, is essential for the formation of phagolysosomes. (rndsystems.com)
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 is a Ca 2+ -permeable cation channel abundantly expressed in macrophages. (asahq.org)
Furthermore, confocal microscopy revealed no difference in the intensity of LAMP-1 immunofluorescence in phagolysosome membranes in calcium-buffered vs. control macrophages. (rupress.org)
We conclude that neither membrane recognition nor fusion events in the phagosomal pathway in macrophages are dependent on or regulated by calcium. (rupress.org)

Dopamine (DA) replacement therapies and deep brain stimulation relieve motor symptoms but do not slow down the progressive neurodegeneration 2 . (nature.com)

It is located on the basophilic granule membranes and on the plasma membranes of lymphocytes and granulocytes. (neobiotechnologies.com)

The unique features of this type of autophagy are the selectivity on the proteins that are degraded by this pathway and the direct shuttling of these proteins across the lysosomal membrane without the requirement for the formation of additional vesicles (Figure 1). (wikipedia.org)
The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)

And C3G treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy-related markers, LC3B-II, LAMP-1, TFEB, and PPAR-α and downregulated that of SQSTM1/p62, improving the autophagy of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomal biogenesis is regulated by transcription factors EB (TFEB) and E3 (TFE3), which are activated during starvation. (liu.se)
Importance of TFEB acetylation in control of its transcriptional activity and lysosomal function in response to histone deacetylase inhibitors. (uni-bielefeld.de)
8) Lysosomal calcium channels, such as TRPMLs, can lead to the release of lysosomal calcium and activate mTORC1, which can phosphorylate TFEB and prevent TFEB nuclear translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium release can also dephosphorylate TFEB and promote its nuclear translocation and regulate lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

The proteins that are degraded through CMA are cytosolic proteins or proteins from other compartments once they reach the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
In normal physiology, the lysosomes are membrane bound compartments which break down nutrients such as fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. (kireportscommunity.org)

LAMP3 (Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3) gene also known as DC-LAMP, TSC403 or DC208 is responsible for immune response, in particular when it comes to antiviral response. (fapesp.br)

The autophagophore membrane then elongates and encloses the molecules to be degraded forming an autophagosome, which occurs in two separate conjugation reactions catalyzed by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). (hindawi.com)
A major barrier for the efficacy of many clinically relevant anti-cancer drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, 5-flurouracil, cisplatin) is the passage of these molecules across biological membranes, whether in the context of transit across an endothelial monolayer or across the plasma membrane of the cancer cell itself [ 5 ]. (plos.org)
Antibody Purified from Bioreactor Concentrate by Protein A/G and conjugated to various reporter molecules. (neobiotechnologies.com)

LAMP-2A a single span membrane protein, is one of the three spliced variants of a single gene lamp2. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations in the LAMP2 gene lead to the production of very little or no LAMP-2 protein, which may impair the process of transporting cellular material into the lysosome. (medlineplus.gov)
Sialidosis should not be confused with disorders of free sialic acid storage, which are caused by a defect in the lysosomal transport of free sialic acid due to mutations in the AST (anion and sugar transporter) gene. (medscape.com)
TGFβ-1 induced morphological and functional changes of cells are the result of substantial gene regulation and protein alterations leading to: loss of epithelial cell-cell adhesion and apical-basolateral polarity, change of differentiation markers, acquisition of fibroblastoid shape, reversion of intermediate filaments, gain of cell motility and increased extracellular proteolysis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cystinosis is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene which codes for the protein, cystinosin, - a hydrogen ion-driven transporter that removes cystine from lysosomes. (kireportscommunity.org)

Functional autophagy mitigates neuronal apoptosis, which is reflected by the alterations of IAPs, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and so forth. (biomedcentral.com)

Different stimuli can cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) that results in leakage of lysosomal content into the cytosol. (liu.se)

Photo: Thor Balkhed As many cellular functions involve the lysosomal compartment lysosomal disturbance has a profound impact on homeostasis. (liu.se)
Two hypotheses emerged from this observation: 1) a modest improvement in NPC1 trafficking can have a large impact on cholesterol homeostasis, or 2) that I1061T-NPC1 is destabilized upon reaching the LE/L compartment. (biologists.com)

It is closely related to the family of acidic, highly glycosylated lysosomal-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs). (biolegend.com)

Ultimately, the autophagosome fuses with a lysosome, facilitated by Rab7 and LAMP proteins. (hindawi.com)
Increased intensity of lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 and 2 (LAMP-1 and -2), Rab7, and BACE1 were consistently observed in hAPP mutant Tg mouse brains while the Golgi marker p115 level exhibited no detectable switch (Number 1B). (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
2) The remaining contents will be sequestered in Rab7-positive late endosomes, which can fuse with the plasma membrane to form exosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
During this process, Rab7 promotes the assembly of HOPS, which mediates lysosomal tethering with endosomes by pairing an R-SNARE on a lysosome (VAMP7 or VAMP8) with three Q-SNAREs on an endosome (syntaxin-7, VTI1b, syntaxin-8). (biomedcentral.com)

Lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 destabilizes fibrillar Aβ by multiple endoproteolytic cleavages within the β-sheet domain. (uni-bielefeld.de)

C3G treatment reduced the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) peptides and reduced the protein expression of the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and β-secretase in the cortical and hippocampal regions. (biomedcentral.com)
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10) and λ-secretase to produce soluble Aβ fragments. (biomedcentral.com)

After translocation the substrate proteins are rapidly degraded by the lysosomal proteases. (wikipedia.org)
Lysosomal cathepsin proteases are secreted during cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)

The most common cause of HCM is now known to be one of over 200 possible mutations in at least 10 genes that involve sarcomeric proteins. (medscape.com)
Forms of HCM without evidence of mutations in sarcomeric proteins have also been identified. (medscape.com)
Activating mutations in the Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease and previously we showed that activated LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases (Steger et al. (stanford.edu)
NPC1 is a large multi-membrane spanning protein with three lumen-facing domains (4), and mutations in this protein are responsible for 95% of NPC cases. (biologists.com)

DNA is tightly wrapped around histones, which regulates access for subsequent translation into proteins. (biologists.com)

ROCKVILLE, Md.--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- Immunomic Therapeutics Inc., ("ITI"), a privately-held clinical-stage biotechnology company pioneering the study of LAMP-mediated nucleic acid-based immunotherapy, announced today that the data from two posters are being presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2022 held in New Orleans, Louisiana, from April 8-13. (biospace.com)

A feed-forward pathway drives LRRK2 kinase membrane recruitment and activation. (stanford.edu)
The combination of growth factors and RTKs can activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and negatively regulate TSC1/2, promoting Rheb to become GTP loaded, which can activate mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)

In this review, we summarize the many examples of immunoadhesins in the literature, and discuss some essential structural and functional features of this expanding fanuly of recombinant proteins. (coek.info)

Stat3-mediated alterations in lysosomal membrane protein composition. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Although hsc70 targets cytosolic protein to CMA based on specific amino acid sequence recognition, it works differently when targeting proteins to macro or microautophagy. (wikipedia.org)
This CMA-targeting motif is recognized by a cytosolic chaperone, heat shock cognate protein of 70 kDa (hsc70) which targets the substrate to the lysosome surface. (wikipedia.org)

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system. (biomedcentral.com)

These diseases are a result of storage in cellular vacuoles and include Danon disease, Pompe disease, Fabry disease, and a form of HCM related to a mutation in the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated, gamma-2 noncatalytic subunit of protein kinase (PRKG2). (medscape.com)

However, the mechanism of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 regulating bacterial killing remains unknown. (asahq.org)
The most common example of this type of fusion protein combines the hinge and Fc regions of an immunoglobulin (Ig) with domains of a cell-surface receptor that recognizes a specific ligand (Box 1). (coek.info)
The protein is also a member of the scavenger receptor family. (icbinhibitor.com)
Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)

Aβ is proteolytically cleaved from a large transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β and γ secretases[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This proprietary lysosomal targeting technology results in enhanced antigen presentation and a balanced T cell response. (biospace.com)

also CD107a) is a 100‑130 kDa member of the LAMP family of glycoproteins. (rndsystems.com)
The galectin lattice is a multi-valent interaction of galectins with glycoproteins at the cell surface that displays rapid exchange of binding partners with properties of liquid-liquid phase transitions, thereby acting as an intermediary between freely diffusing glycoproteins and stable complexes in the membrane. (gr.jp)

The lysosomal stability is dependent on its membrane composition. (liu.se)
Rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, are highly dependent on effective lysosomal function and dramatic changes in lysosomal volume, composition, and subcellular localization occur during transformation and cancer progression. (liu.se)

This binding of substrates to monomers of LAMP-2A triggers the assembly of LAMP-2A multimers that act as the active translocation complex through which the substrates can pass through after unfolding. (wikipedia.org)
Here, the translocation complex chooses only the substrate proteins which can unfold for internalization by the lysosomes. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, research with artificial CMA substrate showed that hsc70 chaperone binding to substrate or lysosomal binding does not necessarily require the substrate protein to be capable of unfolding, however, lysosomal translocation makes unfolding as a necessary criteria for it to be internalized. (wikipedia.org)
Substrate translocation requires the presence of hsc70 inside the lysosomal lumen, which may act by either pulling substrates into the lysosomes or preventing their return to the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, transport of substrates also depends on the efficiency of the assembly of LAMP-2A into the translocation complex. (wikipedia.org)

The protein primarily localizes to lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the cell surface. (icbinhibitor.com)
1) Materials can be recycled to the plasma membrane by Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

4) Lysosomal fusion with autophagosomes also requires SNAREs, including VAMP8, syntaxin-17 and SNAP29. (biomedcentral.com)

The LAMP-2 protein may be involved in the fusion between autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)

Indeed, increases in [Ca2+]i are essential for phagosome-granule (lysosome) fusion in neutrophils and for lysosomal fusion events that mediate host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. (rupress.org)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)

Lysosomal patterning and junctional adhesion molecule A (Jam-a) localization and abundance were analyzed by immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)

However, it has been discovered that HDACs are not only involved in chromatin remodeling, but also that they can act upon non-histone proteins. (biologists.com)

CMA contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by facilitating recycling of amino acids of the degraded proteins (contribution to energetic cellular balance) and by eliminating abnormal or damaged proteins (contribution to cellular quality control). (wikipedia.org)
Normal light chains are small molecular weight proteins that are filtered through the peripheral capillary walls and are delivered to the proximal tubules where they are catabolized by endosomal activity in the apical portions of the tubules and their amino acids are then returned to the circulation. (heraldopenaccess.us)

The tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and are components of multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. (neobiotechnologies.com)

For example, DNA nanoarrays selleck inhibitor with surface displays of molecular probes can sense noncovalent hybridization interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins and covalent chemical reactions. (plcpathway.com)
Current therapies for NPC have included treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (2HPßCD), which focuses on removal of accumulated cholesterol within the LE/L. However, in order to optimally treat the disorder, the exact molecular mechanism needs to be understood. (biologists.com)

Therefore, it is not unexpected that lysosomal dysfunction causes and contributes to many diseases. (liu.se)

Tissue culture supernatant is purified by either protein A/G or affinity purification methods. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, poorly organized tumor vasculature, irregular blood flow, high interstitial pressure within the tumor tissue, and broad adverse effects on healthy cells limit the effectiveness of anti-cancer agents [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)

Disordered lysosomal/autophagy pathways initiate and drive pancreatitis, but the underlying mechanisms and links to disease pathology are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

One of the important hallmarks of AD is the formation of extracellular senile plaques, preferentially composed of amyloid beta-protein[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The pathological characteristics of AD are exhibited by the extracellular plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lysosomal Machinery Drives Extracellular Acidification to Direct Non-apoptotic Cell Death. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The H4A3 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD107a which is also known as Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1). (bdbiosciences.com)
Approximately 85% of the monoclonal proteins in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia are associated with renal disease. (heraldopenaccess.us)

Although it is still not clear where autophagosome membranes originate, possible sources are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and the Golgi [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Many studies have further demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has dramatically increased the risks of CVDs due to inflammation, so PGRN has drawn much more attention among scholars. (biomedcentral.com)

LAMP-1 can serve as a ligand for E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. (bdbiosciences.com)

Anatomy48

Organisms14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Called lysosomal associated membrane1

Degradation18

Accumulation13

Intracellular5

Glycoprotein6

Heavily glycosylated4

Lysosome-associated membrane protein2

Transmembrane protein2

Mitochondrial1

Enzymes7

Research is to elucidate2

Lipids3

Storage disorders2

Macrophages4

Neurodegeneration1

Plasma membranes1

Vesicles2

TFEB5

Compartments2

LAMP31

Molecules3

Gene5

Apoptosis1

Permeabilization1

Compartment2

Acidic1

Rab74

Enzyme1

Soluble2

Proteases2

Mutations4

Regulates1

Nucleic1

Pathway2

Recombinant1

Alterations1

Cytosolic2

Inner membrane1

Kinase1

Receptor5

Amyloid precurs1

Antigen presentation1

Glycoproteins2

Composition2

Translocation5

Endosomes2

Autophagosomes1

Autophagic vacuoles1

Mediate2

Adhesion molecule1

Histone1

Amino acids2

Hematopoietic1

Molecular2

Contributes1

Tissue2

Pathways1

Extracellular3

Monoclonal2

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Inflammation1

Cell adhesion1