Additionally, we detected increased levels of active glycogen synthase kinase 3 β, a physiological kinase of TAU, in neurons derived from AD iPSCs, as well as significant upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) synthesis and APP carboxy-terminal fragment cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
Most cases of early-onset AD are linked to autosomal dominant inherited mutations in the genes encoding amyloid precursor protein ( APP ), presenilin 1 ( PSEN1 ), and presenilin 2 ( PSEN2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Extracellular matrix2
Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen receptors are cell surface receptors that modulate signal transduction between cells and the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. (lookformedical.com)
Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane receptors that function as mechanosensors, adhesion molecules and signal transduction platforms in a multitude of biological processes. (thno.org)
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors found in nearly all metazoan cell types, composed of non-covalently linked α and β subunits. (thno.org)
Integrins are not constitutively active but rather exist in multiple activation states wherein ligand binding stability is related to the activation status of the receptor. (thno.org)
Encodes2
The RPSA gene encodes a multifunctional protein, which is both a ribosomal protein and a high-affinity, non-integrin laminin receptor. (wikipedia.org)
BDNF cDNA encodes a 247 amino acid residue precursor protein with a signal peptide and a proprotein that are cleaved to yield the 119 amino acid residue mature BDNF. (novusbio.com)
Genes1
Alzheimer's possesses complex pathologies of heterogeneous nature counting proteins as one major factor along with enzymes and mutated genes. (benthamscience.com)
Mammalian2
100% sequence homology with Mouse, Rat, Canine, Equine and all other mammalian proteins examined. (novusbio.com)
A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. (lookformedical.com)
Glycoproteins1
Agrin-like glycoproteins and proteins with sugar-binding domains are also predominant. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino1
A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains. (lookformedical.com)
Synthesis1
Enhanced mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis in pathologic α-synuclein cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. (neurotree.org)
Heparin4
Both RPSA and laminin belong to the heparin/heparan sulfate interactome. (wikipedia.org)
Heparin binds in vitro to the N-domain of RPSA but not to its C-domain. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, the C-domain of RPSA and heparin compete for binding to laminin, which shows that the highly acidic C-domain of RPSA mimicks heparin (and potentially heparan sulfates) for the binding to laminin. (wikipedia.org)
Some cytokines act as competence rather than progression factors, some lack secretory signals, and some must be processed and released from the pericellular matrix or basement membranes (eg transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β ] binding to chondroitin or the keratan sulfate of biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin, or basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet derived growth factor binding to the heparin sulfate of glypican, perlecan and syndecan). (biomedcentral.com)
Predominant1
The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer. (lookformedical.com)
Focal2
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The integrin tails have no intrinsic kinase activity but rather serve as a site for the docking of various kinases and related adaptor proteins that comprise focal adhesions. (thno.org)
Residues1
The N-domain also includes weak binding sites for recombinant domain 3 (ED3, residues 296-400) from the envelope proteins of two Flaviviruses, West-Nile virus and serotype 2 of DENV. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular weight1
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
Cell3
It also acts as a cell surface receptor, in particular for laminin, and is involved in several pathogenic processes. (wikipedia.org)
Many of the effects of laminin are mediated through interactions with cell surface receptors. (wikipedia.org)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic1
Here, we reviewed the physiological/pathological roles and therapeutic significance of nearly all the proteins associated with AD that addresses putative as well as probable targets for developing effective anti-AD therapies. (benthamscience.com)
Organisms1
Comparison of the mechanisms that govern the production of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) biominerals in hexacorallians (scleractinians) and octocorallians is thus expected to shed light on the conservation of the protein toolkit used by these organisms for making their biocalcification. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal1
Cytokines bind to their receptors, activating signal transduction pathways such as adenylate cyclase/cAMP, phospholipase C/inositol trisphosphate, and Ca 2+ and tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Function2
RPSA is a ribosomal protein which has acquired the function of laminin receptor during evolution. (wikipedia.org)
The inferred regulatory function of these OM proteins suggests that the difference between the two biominerals is due to the modeling of the matrix network, rather than the presence of specific structural components. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular1
Two well-defined pathological hallmarks of AD have been described: the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques and the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by aggregated hyperphosphorylated TAU protein [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fraction2
We identified a total of 102 OM proteins, 52 are found in the two red coral biominerals with scleritin being the most abundant protein in each fraction. (biomedcentral.com)
A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Found1
Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
Include1
These receptors include members of the integrin family, as well as non-integrin laminin-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Small2
i) Yeast two-hybrid screens have shown that RPSA binds to Ribosomal protein S21 of the 40S small ribosomal subunit. (wikipedia.org)
RPSA is also a receptor for small molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Evolution1
In order to gain insight into the red coral biomineralization process and cnidarian biomineralization evolution, we studied the protein repertoire forming the organic matrix (OM) of its two biominerals. (biomedcentral.com)
Similar2
Both recombinant N-domain and C-domain of RPSA bind laminin in vitro, and they bind with similar dissociation constants (300 nM). (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the comparison with stony coral skeletomes highlighted the low proportion of similar proteins between the biomineral OMs of hexacorallian and octocorallian corals, suggesting an independent acquisition of calcification in anthozoans. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects1
The Effects of NLY01, a Novel Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist, on Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination and Remyelination: Challenges and Future Perspectives. (neurotree.org)
Family1
The neurotrophin family is comprised of at least four proteins including NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5. (novusbio.com)
Factors1
Extracellular factors that influence integrin activation are ligand binding, divalent cation concentration, chemokine signaling and mechanical stress. (thno.org)
Large1
Contrary to reef building corals, the red coral organic matrix possesses a large number of collagen-like proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Sites2
The C-domain includes weak binding sites for domain 3 of the yellow fever virus (YFV) and of serotypes 1 and 2 of DENV. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons from patients with fAD and patients with sAD showed increased phosphorylation of TAU protein at all investigated phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
Role1
HSPs, which ameliorate oxidative stress, calpains, which help in regulating synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) with its neuroprotective role are few promising future targets for developing anti-AD therapies. (benthamscience.com)