Laminin and collagen basement membranes laminin. Medical search. Frequent questions

During an inflammatory response, neutrophils move from the blood to the site of inflammation by transmigrating across the endothelial barrier and through the basement membrane (BM) of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
Functional analyses indicated that some of the genes induced by dragonfly larvae caused an increase in laminins necessary for cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis was accompanied by an inhibition of laminin deposition into extracellular matrix as determined by immunostaining of cultures and by immunoblotting of cell-associated proteins. (rupress.org)
Although the mechanisms mediating the effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on breast carcinoma development in vivo are largely unknown, contributing factors may be adhesion mediated signaling and mechanical signals imparted on mammary epithelial cells from surrounding type-I collagen-rich stroma, either directly or across basement membrane proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The main purpose of the two volumes on Immunochemistry of the Extracellular Matrix is to describe state of the art methods, which have been proven to provide antibody reagents of defined specificity to collagens as well as other glycoproteins found in association within connective tissue. (edu.au)
The lens capsule, which is also called the lens basement membrane, is a specialized extracellular matrix produced anteriorly by the lens epithelium and posteriorly by newly differentiated fiber cells. (silverchair.com)
These results underscore the importance of the capsular extracellular matrix in the maintenance of lens transparency and indicate that SPARC participates in the synthesis, assembly and/or stabilization of the lens basement membrane. (silverchair.com)

Immunohistochemical staining was performed using antibodies against the major components of basement membranes such as laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), Collagen IV and fibronectin. (thieme-connect.com)
In contrast, fibronectin demonstrated an intensive staining especially in the stroma adjacent to the basement membrane. (thieme-connect.com)
This staining pattern resembles the initial rear-rangement of the epithelial basement membrane in human skin wounds and provides evidence for a lost contact inhibition on the provisional fibronectin-layer as a reason for the hyperproliferative nature of cholesteatoma lesions. (thieme-connect.com)
IMs are found in the space between the tissue stroma cells and contain, among other components, fibrillar collagens and fibronectin. (nature.com)
The AM basement membrane contains laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type IV and VII, similar to the basement membrane of conjunctival tissue, but more than corneal epithelium. (touchophthalmology.com)

ECM was prepared to a protein concentration of 8-12 mg/mL (in DMEM), containing laminin as a major component, collagen type IV, heparin sulfate proteoglycan, entactin, and other minor components. (sigmaaldrich.com)
These results indicate that Schwann cell proteoglycans play an essential role in basement membrane assembly, and that the integral plasma membrane proteoglycan is not required for the basement membrane to exert its effects on Schwann cell differentiation. (rupress.org)

Amino acid sequence of mouse nidogen, a multidomain basement membrane protein with binding activity for laminin, collagen IV and cells. (unifi.it)
Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen. (cusabio.com)

Laminin a Glycoprotein from basement membranes 10. (edu.au)

BMs are specialized structures that underlie epithelia and surround organs and mainly comprise collagen IV, laminins, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). (nature.com)
Schwann cells synthesize two heparan sulfate proteoglycans, one that is a component of the Schwann cell basement membrane and a smaller one that is an integral component of the Schwann cell plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
Gel filtration analysis revealed that both the basement membrane and plasma membrane proteoglycans were affected. (rupress.org)
EDS is caused by various abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of collagen and other connective-tissue proteins in the ECM, such as elastin, proteoglycans, and macromolecular proteins. (medscape.com)

No specific or efficient treatment exists for Alport syndrome, an X-linked hereditary disease caused by mutations in collagen type IV, a crucial component of the glomerular basement membrane. (hindawi.com)
The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is an important component of the kidney's glomerular filtration barrier. (wustl.edu)
Funk, SD , Lin, MH & Miner, JH 2018, ' Alport syndrome and Pierson syndrome: Diseases of the glomerular basement membrane ', Matrix Biology , vol. 71-72, pp. 250-261. (wustl.edu)
Expression of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) collagens is reduced in Lmx1b(-/-) mice, suggesting one basis for NPS nephropathy. (nih.gov)
Our results indicate that reduced levels of proteins associated with foot processes and the glomerular slit diaphragm likely contribute, along with reduced levels of GBM collagens, to the nephropathy associated with NPS. (nih.gov)

Because type IV collagen and laminin are proteins found exclusively in the basement membrane, the antibodies to these two proteins selectively and specifically recognize basement membrane components. (biogenex.com)
Corning ® BioCoat ™ Matrigel ® Matrix Cellware is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in ECM proteins. (daigger.com)
Peptides are compounds composed of amino acids, which form the building blocks of proteins in our skin, including collagen. (lifeextension.com)
Using antibodies to podocyte proteins important for podocyte function, we found that Lmx1b(-/-) podocytes express near-normal levels of nephrin, synaptopodin, ZO-1, alpha3 integrin, and GBM laminins. (nih.gov)
The isolation and purification of collagens, procollagens, and related connective tissue proteins are described for several tissues, tissue culture cells and species. (edu.au)
Skálová A, Leivo I. Basement membrane proteins in salivary gland tumours. (biopticka.cz)
[ 8 ] Collagen proteins are multimeric, occurring in trimers with a central triple helical region. (medscape.com)

The lamina propria is a fibrous connective tissue layer that consists of a network of type I and III collagen and elastin fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Laminin and type IV collagen are the two principal components of the basement membrane. (biogenex.com)
According to subsequent experiments, we found that the YIGSR peptide strongly enhanced collagen type 1 synthesis without changing cell proliferation or cellular MMP-1 level. (peptide.com)
This YIGSR peptide-mediated collagen type 1 synthesis was modulated by FAK inhibitor and MEK inhibitor. (peptide.com)
This study clearly reveals that YIGSR peptide plays a novel function on the collagen type 1 synthesis of dermal fibroblasts and also suggests that YIGSR is a strong candidate peptide for the treatment of skin aging and wrinkles. (peptide.com)
Many commercial topical creams target type I collagen . (lifeextension.com)
Fibrillar collagens (type I and III) reside in the dermis where they form well-organized, rope-like fibers that supply robust tensile strength and resistance to stretching and tearing. (lifeextension.com)
4 In fact, type I collagen is stronger than steel on a gram-for-gram basis. (lifeextension.com)
Non-fibrillar collagens (type IV, VII, and XVII) reside in the dermo-epidermal junction where they self-assemble a scaffolding network that anchors the dermis to the epidermis above it. (lifeextension.com)
Many topical products focus only on type I collagen without recognizing the significance of other collagen types in restoring youthful skin integrity and function. (lifeextension.com)
[ 7 ] Trauma has been shown to have a role in the production of basement membrane alterations involving expression of type IV collagen and laminin (alpha 1), thus indicating a possible relationship between these elements and denture stomatitis. (medscape.com)
Addition of collagen type IV to the ECM gel increases polymerization. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Deposition of collagen type IV was similarly affected. (rupress.org)
It has a biosynthetic function and catalyses the hypobromous acid-mediated formation of specific covalent sulfilimine (S[dbnd]N) bonds, which cross-link type IV collagen chains in basement membranes. (ku.dk)
Preparation of Type 1 and Type 3 Collagen, their PN Collagens and Aminoterminal Extension Peptides 4. (edu.au)
Preparation of Type 2 Collagen 5. (edu.au)
Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin Solubilized Basement Membrane Collagens (Type 4) from Human Placenta, Bovine Kidney Cortices, and Bovine Lens Capsule 6. (edu.au)
The Preparation of Type V (AB2) Collagen 7. (edu.au)
They are classified into 5 groups according to substrate specificity and internal homology: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, membrane-type MMPs, and others, including matrilysins 8 . (bvsalud.org)
This form of the disease is the result of abnormalities in collagen (a type of connective tissue) and laminin (a protein found in the basement membrane which helps to hold cells and tissues together). (entclinic.com.au)
Distribution of type IV collagen and laminin. (biopticka.cz)
The major structural protein of basement membrane, collagen type IV, in the lens capsule was substantially altered in the absence of SPARC. (silverchair.com)
Other MMPs, known as membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMP), are linked to the plasma membrane either by a transmembrane domain or by a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol linkage, attached to the hemopexin domain. (periobasics.com)
Another type of MMPs are called as the MT-MMPs (Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinases) that are localized to the cell surface. (periobasics.com)
Several autoantibodies have been identified, including those against BPAG2, laminin-332, and type VII collagen. (msdmanuals.com)

Immunization Procedures, Isolation by Affinity Chromatography and Serological and Immunochemical Characterization of Collagen Specific Antibodies 12. (edu.au)
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Collagen and their Immunofluorescence Localization in Embryonic Cornea and Cartilage 13. (edu.au)

It is due to different mutations in collagen IV [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The very different types of kidney diseases that result from mutations in collagen IV vs. laminin are likely due to very different pathogenic mechanisms. (wustl.edu)

Decreased production of non-fibrillar collagens also contributes to skin aging. (lifeextension.com)
Collagenases degrade triple-helical fibrillar collagens, which are the main components of bone and cartilage. (periobasics.com)
Stromelysins [MMP-3, MMP-10, MMP-11, and MMP-7 (also known as matrilysins)] are small proteases that degrade components of the ECM, although not the triple-helical fibrillar collagens. (periobasics.com)

Dabei zeigte sich eine fragmentarische Basalmembran des Cholesteatomepithels mit rein fokaler Lokalisation von Laminin und HSPG sowie nahezu fehlender Anfär-bung von Kollagen IV bei gleichzeitig starker Überexpression von Fibronektin, insbesondere im angrenzenden Stroma. (thieme-connect.com)
An analysis of the basement membrane, which can modulate epithelial proliferation, reveals a dysfunction of this layer between cholesteatoma and stroma. (thieme-connect.com)
Local alterations in collagen density were clearly seen, allowing us to obtain three-dimensional information regarding the organization of the mammary stroma, such as radiating collagen fibers that could not have been obtained using classical histological techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
The presentation of these tumor-associated collagen signatures allowed us to identify pre-palpable tumors and see cells at the tumor-stromal boundary invading into the stroma along radially aligned collagen fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
AM is the innermost layer of the placenta and is composed of an epithelial monolayer, an underlying thick basement membrane, and an avascular stroma. (touchophthalmology.com)

Aging decreases the synthesis of collagen fibers in the dermis, and causes existing collagen fibers to become disorganized, stiff, and fragmented. (lifeextension.com)

Amniotic membrane transplantation has been used as a graft or as a dressing in different surgical subspecialties. (eyewiki.org)
With intraoperative steroid injection into the surrounding tissue defect, amniotic membrane transplantation has a comparable recurrence rate to conjunctival autograft. (eyewiki.org)
In addition to pterygium surgery, amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has been used for other conjunctival reconstructive purposes. (eyewiki.org)

Laminin peptide YIGSR induces collagen synthesis in Hs27 human dermal fibroblasts. (peptide.com)
In this study, we identified a novel function of the YIGSR peptide to enhance collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts. (peptide.com)
To elucidate this novel function regarding collagen synthesis, we treated human dermal fibroblasts with YIGSR peptide in both a time- and dose-dependent manner. (peptide.com)
A group of peptides has been shown to activate growth factors that promote youthful collagen synthesis . (lifeextension.com)
Mutations in LAMB2 that impact the synthesis or function of laminin α5β2γ1 (LM-521) cause Pierson syndrome (congenital nephrotic syndrome with eye and neurological defects) and its less severe variants, including isolated congenital nephrotic syndrome. (wustl.edu)
[ 1 ] This group of connective-tissue disorders is characterized by abnormal collagen synthesis causing hyperextensibility of the skin, hypermobility of the joints, and tissue fragility, as is seen by easy bruising and delayed wound healing with atrophic scarring. (medscape.com)

Scarring also affects the internal mucous membranes, which can lead to strictures (narrowing) of internal passages, such as the oesophagus and urethra. (entclinic.com.au)
Mucous membrane pemphigoid is the designation given to a heterogeneous group of rare chronic autoimmune disorders that tend to cause waxing and waning bullous lesions of the mucous membranes, often with subsequent scarring and morbidity. (msdmanuals.com)

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is characterized by subepithelial lesions caused by autoantibodies against molecules of epithelial basement membranes. (msdmanuals.com)

Immunohistochemical analysis of laminin and various types of collagen. (biopticka.cz)

The dermal ECM is synthesized from fibroblasts and is primarily compromised of fibrillar collagen and elastic fibers, which support the mechanical strength and resiliency of skin, respectively. (peptide.com)
In particular, local cell invasion was found predominantly to be oriented along certain aligned collagen fibers, suggesting that radial alignment of collagen fibers relative to tumors facilitates invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with this observation, primary tumor explants cultured in a randomly organized collagen matrix realigned the collagen fibers, allowing individual tumor cells to migrate out along radially aligned fibers. (biomedcentral.com)

Unique properties of human amniotic membrane (AM) confer several advantages in the management and treatment of various OSDs. (touchophthalmology.com)
[2] During the same year, Brown used rabbit peritoneum as a temporary patch for ocular surface burns which Sorsby later modified with human amniotic membrane in 1946 and 1947. (eyewiki.org)

These multilayer epithelial sheets show signs of differentiation such as the formation of a basement membrane and keratinization. (wikipedia.org)
2-5 The basement membrane provides a substrate that promotes epithelial cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation 5-7 and prevents epithelial cell apoptosis. (touchophthalmology.com)
[7] [8] Furthermore, the stromal face of amniotic membrane suppresses myofibroblast differentiation of normal fibroblasts to reduce scar and vascular formation. (eyewiki.org)

Analysis of these interactions by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy revealed similar kinetics and affinities of binding of the LRR-containing construct to human and murine laminin-111, with calculated dissociation constants of 1.0 and 1.5 μM, respectively. (ku.dk)

During the aging process, specialized cells known as fibroblasts become less active and produce lower levels of collagen than in youth. (lifeextension.com)

Amniotic membrane, or amnion, is the innermost layer of the placenta and consists of a thick basement membrane and an avascular stromal matrix. (eyewiki.org)

In Cholesteatompräparaten von sechs Patienten wurden immunhistochemisch die wesentlichen Basalmembran-komponenten Laminin, Heparansulfatproteoglykan (HSPG), Kollagen IV, sowie das nicht Basalmembran-spezifische Fibro-nektin angefärbt. (thieme-connect.com)
In cholesteatoma epithelium, we found a fragmented basement membrane with small amounts of laminin and HSPG showing only occasional positively stained fragments while Collagen IV was almost completely absent. (thieme-connect.com)

These environmental factors generate inflammation and oxidative stress that trigger activation of collagen-destroying enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). (lifeextension.com)

Microhematuria and subsequently proteinuria are hallmarks of kidney involvement, which are due to primary basement membrane alterations that mainly cause endothelial thrombosis and podocyte contraction and ulterior irreversible detachment. (hindawi.com)

Elastins, in contrast to the structural support of collagens, give elasticity to the tissues. (medscape.com)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed confluent vessels against collagen I and geltrex mix, a mix of basement membrane extract and collagen I. TNF-α-stimulation of vessels upregulated inflammatory cytokine expression and promoted neutrophil transmigration. (nature.com)
30 nm in diameter, establish direct membrane-to-membrane contact with endothelial cells in specialized areas of irregular endothelial basement membrane and enriched with vesicular activity. (elifesciences.org)

In contrast, in the submucosa, laminin was exclusively found in the basal lamina of blood vessels where many adherent mast cells were seen. (bmj.com)
Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. (lookformedical.com)

Laminin consists of a 220 kD subunit, which is disulfide-linked into larger complexes or even into the structural scaffolding of the basement membrane itself. (biogenex.com)

Mutations that affect the GBM's collagen α3α4α5(IV) components cause Alport syndrome (kidney disease with variable ear and eye defects) and its variants, including thin basement membrane nephropathy. (wustl.edu)

A topical formula with a trio of peptides has been shown to synthesize all major collagen types to revitalize aging skin. (lifeextension.com)
A topical formula featuring three peptides has been shown to synthesize all major collagen types in the dermis and dermo-epidermal junction. (lifeextension.com)
By providing total collagen support , these peptides can visibly improve skin firmness and smoothness, while producing long-lasting anti-wrinkle effects. (lifeextension.com)
That is why scientists developed three unique peptides that renew all major collagen types to rejuvenate aged and damaged skin. (lifeextension.com)
These peptides were shown to increase production of collagen types I, IV, VII, and XVII. (lifeextension.com)

A minimum of 29 genes contribute to collagen protein structure, and these genes are located on 15 different human chromosomes, genetically coding for no less than 19 identifiable forms of collagen molecules. (medscape.com)

ELAV - like1 , methyltransferase like 7A , dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase , laminin subunit beta-1 , gremlin 1 , BCL6 corepressor-like 1 , and three genes of unknown identity. (biomedcentral.com)

However, when beta-xyloside-treated cultures were supplied with exogenous basement membrane, Schwann cells produced numerous myelin segments. (rupress.org)

Deposition of collagen and proliferation of smooth muscle cells are the response to chronic inflammation and injury of the submucosa leading to fibrosis and thickening of the submucosa and the smooth muscle layers of the bowel wall. (bmj.com)

Prednisone stabilizes lysosomal membranes and suppresses lymphocyte and antibody production. (medscape.com)

Two other members of the MT-MMP subfamily, MMP-17 (MT4-MMP) and MMP-25 (MT6-MMP) are anchored to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. (periobasics.com)

In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)

In this study, we probed the interactions of four PXDN constructs with different domain compositions with components of a basement membrane extract by immunoprecipitation. (ku.dk)

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa tends to be due to genetic mutations affecting the collagen in the dermis. (entclinic.com.au)

GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Moreover, collagen-dense breast tissue increases the risk of breast carcinoma, although the relationship between collagen density and tumorigenesis is not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Imaging of the tumor-stromal interface in live tumor tissue ex vivo was performed with multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM) to generate multiphoton excitation (MPE) of endogenous fluorophores and second harmonic generation (SHG) to image stromal collagen. (biomedcentral.com)
For ulcers with significant tissue loss, amniotic membrane may be applied in layers to build thickness to the defect. (eyewiki.org)

In surgical pathology, laminin can be used as a marker to demonstrate morphologic change of basement membrane, which is helpful for interpreting the invasion of malignant tumors. (biogenex.com)

Collagen is the main protein of connective tissues in humans and accounts for 70% - 80% of the skin's dry weight. (lifeextension.com)
As a basement membrane protein, COL4A1 is commonly expressed in many tissues and cell types. (cusabio.com)

The laminin tyrosine-isoleucine-glycine-serine-arginine (YIGSR) peptide, corresponding to the 929-933 sequence of the Î²1 chain, is known to be a functional motif with effects on the inhibition of tumor metastasis, the regulation of sensory axonal response and the inhibition of angiogenesis through high affinity to the 67 kDa laminin receptor. (peptide.com)

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and is the most common protein found in the ECM. (medscape.com)

Strong binding of the LRR-containing construct was detected with the major ECM protein laminin. (ku.dk)

We used both laser-scanning multiphoton and second harmonic generation microscopy to determine the organization of specific collagen structures around ducts and tumors in intact, unfixed and unsectioned mammary glands. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we observed and defined three tumor-associated collagen signatures (TACS) that provide novel markers to locate and characterize tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Skálová A., Leivo I., Michal M., Saksela E. Analysis of collagen isotypes in crystalloid structures of salivary gland tumors. (biopticka.cz)
Removal of ocular surface tumors results in a defect which is often revised with amniotic membrane. (eyewiki.org)

New replacement cells-the progeny of basal stem cells-are born without barrier-forming structures such as a specialized apical membrane and occluding junctions. (stanford.edu)

Live fetal membrane, which included both amnion and chorion, was first documented by De Rotth in 1940 for use in conjunctival reconstruction. (eyewiki.org)
This defect could be left alone to heal by secondary intention, sutured directly via primary closure, grafted with a conjunctival autograft, or grafted with amniotic membrane. (eyewiki.org)
Amniotic membrane could be considered when the size of the operative defect would be problematic for direct closure, or when a conjunctival autograft cannot be obtained due to scarring or presence of glaucoma devices. (eyewiki.org)

Skálová A, Michal M., Chlumská A, Leivo I. Collagen composition and ultrastructure of the so-called amianthoid fibres in palisaded myofibroblastoma. (biopticka.cz)

We further found that the pericytic laminin isoforms differentially regulate mouse β-cells. (nature.com)

Thus, human endocrine cells are not in direct contact with the vascular BM components but with the invaginated peri-islet membrane. (nature.com)
TGF-β2 is capable of inducing the expression of ECM and basement membrane components in cultured ONH astrocytes via CTGF and upregulated TSP-1, a protein naturally involved in the activation of latent TGF-β. (arvojournals.org)

The colocalisation with laminin indicates a mechanism of interaction between smooth muscle cells and mast cells that may be important in the role of mast cells in the process of fibrosis. (bmj.com)

Compared to ECs, pancreatic pericytes produce significantly higher levels of α2 and α4 laminin chains, which constitute the peri-islet and vascular BM. (nature.com)

[3] [4] In 1995 Kim and Tseng reintroduced the idea of amniotic membrane for ophthalmic use which has since become increasingly popular. (eyewiki.org)

[6] For this reason, current theory suggests that amniotic membrane augments support for epithelial cells, limbal stem cells, and corneal transient amplifying cells. (eyewiki.org)

The basement membrane component of amniotic membrane is similar in composition to the conjunctiva. (eyewiki.org)

Whereas α2 laminins promoted islet cell clustering, they did not affect gene expression. (nature.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms2

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Extracellular matrix7

Fibronectin5

Proteoglycan2

Nidogen2

Glycoprotein1

Proteoglycans4

Glomerular5

Proteins7

Type25

Antibodies2

Mutations in collagen2

Fibrillar collagens3

Stroma5

Existing collagen fibers1

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation3

Synthesis6

Mucous membranes2

Epithelial basement1

Immunohistochemical1

Fibers3

Human amniotic2

Differentiation3

Murine1

Fibroblasts1

Thick basement membrane1

HSPG2

MMPs1

Alterations1

Elastins1

Endothelial cells2

Basal lamina2

Structural1

Nephropathy1

Peptides5

Molecules1

Subunit1

Myelin1

Deposition1

Suppresses1

Plasma membrane1

Contrast1

Extract1

Dermis1

Tissue4

Surgical1

Tissues2

Receptor1

Protein found1

Major1

Tumors4

Structures1

Conjunctival3

Ultrastructure1

Found1

Components2

Fibrosis1

Chains1

Ophthalmic1

Suggests1

Composition1

Expression1