• Lactobacillus plantarum is a non-gas-producing lactic acid bacterium that is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) with Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status. (springer.com)
  • With the newly acclaimed gut-heart-brain axis, strains of L. plantarum have proven to be a valuable species for the development of probiotics, with various beneficial effects on gut health, metabolic disorders and brain health. (springer.com)
  • Green tea powder and Lactobacillus plantarum affect gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat fed C57BL/6J mice. (springer.com)
  • Lactobacillus plantarum TN627 significantly reduces complications of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. (springer.com)
  • Probiotic potential and safety properties of Lactobacillus plantarum from Slovak Bryndza cheese. (springer.com)
  • Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum CEC 7315 and CEC 7316 isolated from faeces of healthy children. (springer.com)
  • Properties of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains. (springer.com)
  • In the end, the one that seemed the most promising was a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from the diaper of a healthy Indian baby. (kcur.org)
  • Sequencing of DNA fragments amplified from the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and areas flanking the 23S rRNA gene grouped these isolates within the species Lactobacillus plantarum. (sun.ac.za)
  • Fermentation of soymilk by single cultures of L. plantarum BBC32B, BBC33 and BIF43 yielded 49.05%, 38.97% and 35.94% riboflavin enrichment respectively, which is more than 18.75% recorded in literature for Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC8711. (sun.ac.za)
  • Lactobacillus plantarum BBC32B may be used as starter culture for developing of riboflavin-enriched soymilk. (sun.ac.za)
  • Chitosan concentrations of 0.01 to 0.05% and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) concentrations of 0.5 to 0.75% showed the best density of Lactobacillus fermentum DC2 and Lactobacillus plantarum CC6 in MRS medium. (ishs.org)
  • P093 Probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii influence the fibrotic responses of human intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • The strains Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii, widely used among probiotic supplements, seem to ameliorate Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) progression and to promote mucosal healing. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • The three strains of Lactobacilli with probiotic properties that were isolated from breast milk were L. fermentum CECT5716, L. gasseri CECT5714, and L. salivarius CECT5713, with L. fermentum being one of the most abundant strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: The most frequent species Lactobacillus species isolated from patients with head and neck cancer were L. paracasei, L. casei/rhamnosus and L. fermentum of which L. paracasei showed the best acid-producing capacity. (researchsquare.com)
  • AIM: To assess the antimicrobial effects of natural and semi-natural mouthrinses on isolates of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus casei obtained from the saliva samples and their reference strains. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • The microbiological examination tests were minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition test for the saliva isolates of S. mutans, L. fermentum, and L. casei while zone of inhibition test only for their reference strains. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • DC2 (from duacai pickle) and DGMC2 (dua gang muoi pickle) ( Lactobacillus fermentum ), respectively. (ishs.org)
  • Professor Marika Mikelsaar, M.D., Ph.D., a professor emeritus in the department of microbiology at the University of Tartu, is credited with the discovery of Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3. (essentialformulas.com)
  • Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 was isolated from the intestinal tract of a healthy 1-year old Estonian child on March 2, 1995. (essentialformulas.com)
  • In 2007, Professor Mikelsaar received the European Union (EU) award as "European Union Woman Inventor and Innovator" for the discovery of Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3. (essentialformulas.com)
  • The anti-microbial activity of the isolates against Streptococcus mutans associated with caries, and the mucosal pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis was determined by determining inhibitory zones on agar plates. (researchsquare.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the relative amounts of Streptococcus mutans ( SM ) and lactobacilli (LBs) and their relationship with dental caries among a Yemeni adult population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in the oral cavity among children with dental caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei were determined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Their mechanism of action varies with strain and species. (upm.edu.my)
  • It's not just the established Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species and strains with potential efficacy: A number of academic groups and companies are exploring next-generation strains and digging into the strains already present in the gut that are linked to obesity. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Bacteria are typically found as communities made up of several different species rather than as isolated, solitary organisms in nature ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Based on the phenotypic, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses, strain WiKim39T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus allii sp. (pacb.com)
  • In the first part of this study the relationship between Lactobacillus divergens, Lactobacillus carnis and Lactobacillus piscicola and their relationship with other Lactobacillus species were investigated using numerical analysis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) patterns of their proteins and their physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics. (up.ac.za)
  • Two Leuconostoc and two lactic acid bacterial cultures were isolated that did not fit in with descriptions of any of the presently described species. (up.ac.za)
  • Analysis of the whole genome sequence data set (34 isolate genomes) demonstrated L. acidophilus was a low diversity, monophyletic species with commercial isolates essentially identical at the sequence level. (nih.gov)
  • Little is known about the prevalence of different Lactobacillus species and their characteristics in these patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • For identification to species level, the isolates were subjected to DNA-extraction, amplification of 16S and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using the restriction enzymes Hpa II and Hae III. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lactobacillus species belong to the normal flora in the gastro-intestinal tract and in the female genitourinary tract [1, 2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • 10]. There are, however, variations between different species [10] and also between strains of the same species. (researchsquare.com)
  • Scanning electron micrograph of a Lactobacillus species, demonstrating rod-like structure. (kenyon.edu)
  • There are over 180 species of Lactobacillus currently documented. (kenyon.edu)
  • [3] More than 50 species of Lactobacilli are known as useful non-pathogenic bacteria for the processing of different foods, or for medical application in restoring normal, healthy flora to the skin, vaginal biofilm, and digestive tract. (kenyon.edu)
  • [2] Many species within Lactobacillus have a high hydrogen peroxide tolerance, lending further to their role in inhibiting potential pathogens. (kenyon.edu)
  • Their first product, Nella, is a probiotic supplement using unique, proprietary genetic strains of Lactobacillus (LAB) species to improve sleep and gut health. (harvard.edu)
  • Several studies have shown that there is a mother-to-infant transfer of bacterial strains belonging, at least, to the genera Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium through breastfeeding, thus accounting for the close relationship of bacterial composition of the gut microbiota of breastfed infants with that found in the breast milk of their respective mothers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The strains Bifidobacterium breve C11 and Bifidobacterium infantis C15 used in this study were obtained from the Probiotic Laboratory Culture Collection, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). (scialert.net)
  • Hansen's Lactobacillus gasseri ​ BNR17 strain is supported by data from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in Korea with 62 obese volunteers [8], while Japan's Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd has built out the science for its Bifidobacterium breve ​ B-3 weight management strain [9]. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • IFF was one of the first to publish data on the efficacy of its weight management strain, with a 2016 paper showing that Bifidobacterium animalis ​ ssp. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Probiotics have been studied extensively as a means of infection prevention, particularly Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, which are beneficial to the host in terms of lowering the risk of infection ( 8 ), the need for antibiotics ( 9 ), the severity of the disease ( 10 ), and the length of the illness ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • At the genus level, we found a significant increase in the number of Clostridium, Bacteroides and Veillonella and a significant decrease in the number of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Blautia coccoides/Eubacterium rectale group and Prevotella in the children with diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also found that the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio correlated negatively and significantly with the plasma glucose level while the quantity of Clostridium correlated positively and significantly with the plasma glucose level in the diabetes group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The significant differences in the number of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium and in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio observed between the two groups could be related to the glycemic level in the group with diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously, we found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-3690 can protect intestinal barrier functions in mice inflammation model. (nature.com)
  • Finally, SpaFED pili are clearly important effectors since an L. rhamnosus ΔspaF mutant failed to provide the same benefits as the wild type strain. (nature.com)
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus is an anaerobic facultative heterofermentative rod-shaped bacterium that can live in different parts of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 2 . (nature.com)
  • This study is aimed at investigating the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus on esophageal cancer in vivo and in vitro . (hindawi.com)
  • Scientists investigating probiotics identified a specific bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 , that significantly increased levels of secretory IgA in a preclinical model. (lifeextension.com)
  • Based on the number of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG clinical studies, as of January 2022. (culturelle.com)
  • Based on the studies of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for a range of benefits throughout the lifespan. (culturelle.com)
  • EpiCor®, a yeast fermentate and L. rhamnosus CRL1505, a probiotic strain, encourage multiple aspects of a healthy immune response, so you're ready for whatever the world has for you. (edisonsmedicines.com)
  • The use of probiotic strains could be an important landmark in the management of gut dysfunction with a clear impact on the general population. (nature.com)
  • Thanks to the close relationships established with their hosts, some probiotic strains can provide additional benefits: for example, they can mediate either immune responses or barrier functions 10 . (nature.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the different effects of the aforementioned probiotic strains in the migration rate and the fibrotic responses of SEMFs. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • This study provides evidence that not only both probiotic strains remain viable in SEMFs' culture medium but are also able to interact with SEMFs and alter their fibrotic behaviour. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • Further preclinical research is needed to identify the optimal dosages and combinations of probiotic strains as potential auxiliary treatment of IBD. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • Introduction: Lactobacilli are well-documented probiotics that exert health benefits on their host. (upm.edu.my)
  • Five lactobacilli strains previously isolated from the anogenital region were subjected to several assessments highlighted in the FAO/WHO document, 'Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food' to determine its suitability as potential probiotics. (upm.edu.my)
  • This is extremely rare, but people with damaged heart valves should stop taking probiotics like Lactobacillus acidophilus before dental procedures or surgical procedures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Australian made and owned Qiara, probiotics isolated from breastmilk, have been helping families for over 10 years. (google.com)
  • Researchers in Serbia found that diabetic lab rats orally administered with the probiotic Lactobacillus paraplantarum BGCG11 experienced a reduced level of DNA damage in the liver and kidney, compared to control rats that didn't receive probiotics. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • 1 Since many different strains of probiotics exist, it's important to note that each strain of probiotics may offer different benefits. (culturelle.com)
  • Two things that set Lactobacillus GG apart from the many other strains of probiotics are its hair-like appendages that help it adhere to our gut walls 3 and its impressive tolerance to the harsh acids found in the stomach and digestive system. (culturelle.com)
  • However, a few drawbacks to trying to get your probiotics via fermented food are that you don't know exactly what probiotic strain you're eating or the amount of probiotic contained within each serving. (culturelle.com)
  • abstract = "Phosphoketolases are key enzymes of the phosphoketolase pathway of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, which include lactobacilli. (unison.mx)
  • In heterofermentative lactobacilli xylulose 5-phosphate phosphoketolase (X5PPK) is the main enzyme of the phosphoketolase pathway. (unison.mx)
  • Lactobacillus can either be homofermentative or heterofermentative. (researchsquare.com)
  • Heterofermentative Lactobacillus degrade glucose to carbon dioxide, acetic acid, ethanol and lactic acid. (researchsquare.com)
  • Unlike the majority of homofermentative Lactobacilli , L. sanfranciscensis uses heterofermentative metabolism, processing sugars into either lactic acid or alcohol. (kenyon.edu)
  • The selected bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to produce LA- Isomerase enzyme . (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacterial Vaginosis BV is a clinical syndrome resulting from replacement of the normal H2O2-producing Lactobacillus spp in the vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • J. Ramírez-Nunez, R. Romero-Medrano, G. V. NevárezMoorillon and N. Gutiérrez-Méndez, "Effect of pH and Salt Gradient on the Autolysis of Lactococcus lactis Strains," Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 42, No. 4, 2011, pp. 1495-1499. (scirp.org)
  • Professor Mikelsaar and her team of scientists in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Tartu were highly qualified to study the properties of ME-3 due to their years of research on Lactobacillus bacteria and the ecology of the human gastrointestinal tract. (essentialformulas.com)
  • These lactobacilli strains also demonstrated high cell surface hydrophobicity, with the exception of L. delbrueckii 45E. (upm.edu.my)
  • L. sanfranciscensis is a rod-shaped, Gram positive, lactic acid bacteria, closely related to the Lactobacillus casei-Pediococcus group. (kenyon.edu)
  • Red propolis extract showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains, exhibited acceptable cytotoxicity and reduced the colonization of S. mutans and L. casei in a biofilm membrane model. (bvsalud.org)
  • The isolate was a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-negative and facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacterium. (pacb.com)
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that has had widespread historical use in the dairy industry and more recently as a probiotic. (nih.gov)
  • The 16S rRNA gene of each isolate was research unit. (cdc.gov)
  • Sub-objective 2.2: Campylobacter molecular responses during co-incubation with bacteria isolated from poultry environments. (usda.gov)
  • Of 20 bacteria isolated, 19 showed inhibition halos on the three pathogenic bacteria with diameter of 2 to 15 mm, and the largest halos were formed by Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis on S. enterica and S. aureus. (bvsalud.org)
  • from fresh fruits and the traditional fermented produce available in the Mekong River Delta Region, an evaluation on antifungal activity of Lactobacillus spp. (ishs.org)
  • nov., consisted of strains isolated from traditional fermented vegetables 'Suan cai' in Harbin, Northeastern China and Lactobacillus perolens DSM 12745. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • MS was identified as Lactobacillus buchneri based on Gram-staining, metabolic characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence determination. (nih.gov)
  • A novel strain of Lactobacillus buchneri NRRL B-30929 was isolated as a contaminant of a fuel ethanol production facility. (usda.gov)
  • ed aerobically and under anaerobic conditions for 48 h at Lucas Domínguez,* 37°C. Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultative anaer- and José F. Fernández-Garayzábal* obic coccobacilli were isolated in pure culture from lung, We describe the first systemic infection by Weissella liver, brain, and intestine. (cdc.gov)
  • Lactobacillus are Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that are generally facultatively anaerobic, with a range from microaerophilic to strictly anaerobic. (researchsquare.com)
  • Objective 4: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from poultry and produce. (usda.gov)
  • Lactic acid bacteria that accumulated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in culture medium were screened to identify strains with high GABA-producing ability. (nih.gov)
  • A novel strain of lactic acid bacteria, WiKim39T, was isolated from a scallion kimchi sample consisting of fermented chili peppers and vegetables. (pacb.com)
  • Lactic acid bacteria, especially lactobacilli with probiotic potential, are known as promising tools for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • By drawing on large, well-characterised collections of lactic acid bacteria, we examined L. acidophilus isolates spanning 92 years and including multiple strains in current commercial use. (nih.gov)
  • In 2017, the World Institute of Kimchi found that lactic acid bacteria ( Weissella cibaria WIKIM28) isolated from kimchi have extraordinary effects in preventing and improving atopic dermatitis. (prnewswire.com)
  • As the major part of the lactic acid bacteria group, ​ [Lactobacillus] can delay diabetes onset due to their antidiabetic potential," ​ they wrote, citing a 2015 study ​ ​ published in the Journal of Functional Foods. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • The antimicrobial activity displayed by some lactic acid bacteria isolates suggests the possibility of its use against pathogens , and they might be effective as a barrier in these microorganisms development and as biological preservatives in coalho cheese. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Out of the five lactobacilli strains which possessed high antimicrobial activities, L. reuteri 29B portrayed the best probiotic qualities with good auto- and co-aggregation abilities and high tolerance against acid, bile and spermicide. (upm.edu.my)
  • The activity of F6PPK increased after treatment of the culture at low-pH and diminished after porcine bile-salts stress conditions in wild-type strains of L. reuteri. (unison.mx)
  • Additionally, activity of F6PPK and the X5PPK gene expression levels were evaluated by real time PCR, under stress and nonstress conditions, in 3 L. reuteri strains. (unison.mx)
  • Although an exact correlation, between enzyme activity and gene expression was not obtained, it remains possible that the xpk gene codes for a phosphoketolase with dual substrate, at least in the analyzed strains of L. reuteri. (unison.mx)
  • Currently, DOE and JGI is sequencing the genome of this strain. (usda.gov)
  • With the above mentioned unique characteristics, plus the genome sequence data, this strain can be used by researchers for developing new biocatalysts that convert biomass derived sugars into ethanol and other value-added products. (usda.gov)
  • Sub-objective 4.1: Analysis of ExPEC isolated from chickens and humans: biofilm assays, virulence gene profiles, antimicrobial resistance profiles, whole genome comparison of ExPEC strains isolated from chicken and human infections. (usda.gov)
  • Cell-free culture supernatants from positive isolates (BBC32A, BBC32B, BBC33 and BIF43) were transferred onto RAM agar pre-seeded with Enterococcus faecalis MTCC2729 (a riboflavin auxotroph). (sun.ac.za)
  • on the basis of microscopy (morphology), Gram straining, growth at 37 and 45°C, fermentation of different carbohydrate sources and growth in MRS broth. (academicjournals.org)
  • As brewers elsewhere were moving towards bottom-fermentation and single-strain fermentation, Berliner braumeisters stayed true to their style. (allaboutbeer.com)
  • One strain, MS, which was isolated from kimchi, showed the highest GABA-producing ability among the screened strains. (nih.gov)
  • nov. isolated from scallion kimchi. (pacb.com)
  • We will use omic technologies to analyze a large variety of strains of each of the pathogens to identify genes and proteins necessary for pathogens to survive stresses encountered in food environments and cause human illness. (usda.gov)
  • Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus , representing two different kingdoms, are the most frequently isolated pathogens from invasive infections. (mdpi.com)
  • Seventy-one strains showed an anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, one strain against S. aureus and none against C. albicans or E. faecalis. (researchsquare.com)
  • 3 ). The isolate was found be C. divergens . (cdc.gov)
  • The rates of autolysis and proteolysis observed in vitro were highly strain-dependent. (scirp.org)
  • which had a strong activity (+++) with a relative inhibitory cycling diameter (GROTERDAN75 mm) as tested under in vitro by using overlaid method was much less (only three isolates). (ishs.org)
  • It is applicable to strains isolated from yogurts in which both characteristic microorganisms are present and viable. (iso.org)
  • The type strain is WiKim39T (=KCTC 21077T=JCM 31938T). (pacb.com)
  • Lactobacillus confusus ) and W. cibaria have been isolated ly described (8). (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: The five lactobacilli strains were subcultured onto Man de Rogosa agar (MRS). Their ability to auto- and co-aggregate was determined spectrophotometrically. (upm.edu.my)
  • Methods: Lactobacillus isolates were collected from 21 patients pre-treatment, six and 12 months post treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • The lactobacilli strains were also tested for their ability to withstand acid, bile and spermicide to determine their level of tolerance. (upm.edu.my)
  • Building on our previous research, we will investigate strain diversity and mechanisms of tolerance to stresses, including acid and exposure to antimicrobial compounds, as well as investigate factors affecting attachment and biofilm formation of Campylobacter. (usda.gov)
  • Culturelle ® Digestive Daily Probiotic Chewables , for instance, contains 10 billion active cultures of Lactobacillus GG in an easy once-a-day orange-flavored chewable. (culturelle.com)
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is a type of probiotic ("good" bacteria) found in the human gut, mouth, and vagina, and also in certain foods. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our results indicate that commercial use has domesticated L. acidophilus with genetically stable, invariant strains being consumed globally by the human population. (nih.gov)
  • The autolysis and proteolysis are important features in the strains of L. lactis used in the manufacture of cheese. (scirp.org)
  • The objective of this work was to assess the autolytic and proteolytic activities of 21 strains of L. lactis iso lated from diverse sources. (scirp.org)
  • C. Nájera-Domínguez and N. Gutiérrez-Méndez, "Autolytic and Proteolytic Properties of Strains of Lactococcus lactis Isolated from Different Vegetables, Raw-Milk Cheeses and Commercial Starter Cultures," Food and Nutrition Sciences , Vol. 4 No. 11A, 2013, pp. 21-26. (scirp.org)
  • lactis ​ BPL1 (CECT 8145) strain - either live or heat-killed (postbiotic) - is supported by data from a three-month randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [7]. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • Lactobacilli (n = 68) isolated from human feces and fermented milk products were screened for the production of riboflavin (vitamin B2) by culturing into riboflavin assay medium (RAM). (sun.ac.za)
  • E. H. E. Ayad, A. Verheul, J. T. M. Wouters and G. Smit, "Antimicrobial-Producing Wild Lactococci Isolated from Artisanal and Non-Dairy Origins," International Dairy Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2-3, 2002, pp. 145-150. (scirp.org)
  • On the other hand, there is a growing interest in new strains isolated from raw-milk cheeses and vegetables. (scirp.org)
  • A study done by Soto et al also revealed that Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are more commonly found in the human milk of women who did not receive any antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some strains, however, have demonstrated notable benefits for weight management in human trials. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • We screened more than 280 strains in preliminary animal and human studies," Panigrahi says. (kcur.org)
  • Lactobacillus can be found in the human reproductive system as well as the urinary and digestive tracts. (kenyon.edu)
  • A major contributor to gut flora, Lactobacilli have numerous beneficial roles in the human gastrointestinal tract, including immunomodulation and nutrient breakdown. (kenyon.edu)
  • Existing data on the possible association between lactobacillus (LB) saliva levels and the onset of caries are less convincing [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study secondary abiotic mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally reassociated with a commensal murine Lactobacillus johnsonii strain either 14 days before (i.e. prophylactic regimen) or 7 days after (i.e. therapeutic regimen) peroral C . jejuni strain 81-176 infection. (nature.com)