Labour auscultation. Medical search. Frequent questions

To compare the effects of admission cardiotocography with intermittent auscultation of the FHR on maternal and infant outcomes for pregnant women without risk factors on their admission to the labour ward. (altmetric.com)
All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing admission CTG with intermittent auscultation of the FHR for pregnant women between 37 and 42 completed weeks of pregnancy and considered to be at low risk of intrapartum fetal hypoxia and of developing complications during labour. (altmetric.com)
0.05 criterion, data were consistent with women allocated to admission CTG having, on average, a higher probability of an increase in incidence of caesarean section than women allocated to intermittent auscultation (risk ratio (RR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.44, 4 trials, 11,338 women, I² = 0%, moderate quality evidence). (altmetric.com)
Intermittent auscultation is appropriate for low-risk women but is a more labor-intensive technique than continuous EFM. (nursingcenter.com)
Benefits of intermittent auscultation include allowing nurses more time to directly assess patients ( Wisner & Holschuh, 2018 ). (nursingcenter.com)
Dr. Mitchell is a certified nurse-midwife who earned her BSN from Curry College, her MSN from Frontier Nursing University, and her doctorate of Nursing Practice from Frontier with a capstone project about intermittent auscultation as the standard of care for low-risk people in labor. (evidencebasedbirth.com)
discussions about the best way of conducting intermittent auscultation, to thinking about how a midwife might make a change to the highly invasive routine care in second stage of labour in her country, routine electronic fetal monitoring, compulsory supine position in bed, and the overuse of syntocinon augmentation. (britishjournalofmidwifery.com)
This is called intermittent auscultation. (thebirthcenter.com)
In fact, studies show that intermittent auscultation results in lower rates of c-sections with the same neonatal outcomes. (thebirthcenter.com)
Intelligent Intermittent Auscultation (IIA) of the fetal heart is the recommended method of fetal monitoring for all women who are considered at low risk of fetal hypoxia during labour. (meducination.com)
This programme aims to improve safety for mothers and babies in low-risk labour and birth by improving the knowledge, skills and confidence of midwives to undertake intermittent auscultation of the fetal heart in an intelligent manner (IIA). (meducination.com)
The Intermittent auscultation online medical course takes around 60 minutes to complete, includes both pre-course and post-assessment exercises - so you can track your improvements as you progress. (meducination.com)
The lower-cost, scientifically proven better option of intermittent auscultation is only used about 3 percent of the time. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
She is project lead for the award-winning intelligent intermittent auscultation in labour programme. (patientsafetyoxford.org)
Intermittent Auscultation for Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Surveillance. (umich.edu)
Intermittent auscultation (IA) and Cardiotocography (CTG) are the two ways to perform fetal heart monitoring. (wgtn.ac.nz)
Documentation of intermittent auscultation (duration, frequency, timing) in the first and second stage of labour was inadequate, and access to fetal heart monitoring equipment (Pinard stethoscope, hand-held Doppler devices, and cardiotocograph machines) was unequal in Upolu. (wgtn.ac.nz)
1. The difference between Intermittent Auscultation (IA) and Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring. (downtobirthshow.com)
3. How to ask your hospital and care provider for Intermittent Auscultation for fetal monitoring in labor. (downtobirthshow.com)
And the other model is called intermittent auscultation, which is intermittent meaning periodically throughout labor, it generally gets more frequent as labor progresses, but it's just an occultation means listening. (downtobirthshow.com)
healthy women without complications would be considered low risk and can use intermittent auscultation ( American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], 2009 ). (faithgibson.org)
Intermittent auscultation is a safe and acceptable fetal monitoring method that is recommended during labor with low-risk pregnancies. (faithgibson.org)
An alternative option for healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies is intermittent auscultation (IA). (faithgibson.org)
Intermittent auscultation, in which the baby's heartbeat is monitored using a sonic aid or Doppler probe, outperforms more modern methods at reducing the number of emergency caesarean sections in labour, according to a new study led by researchers from the University of Warwick. (ogpnews.com)
The research, published recently (6 April) in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, suggests that these newer methods are not helping clinicians to distinguish whether a mother requires an emergency caesarean any better than the older, more established method of intermittent auscultation of the baby's heartbeat. (ogpnews.com)
Intermittent auscultation was introduced more than forty years ago to help clinicians detect when a baby is not coping with labour. (ogpnews.com)
They found that all surveillance methods yielded similar outcomes for the babies, but only intermittent auscultation reduced caesarean sections without any additional risk to babies' safety. (ogpnews.com)
The researchers estimate that use of intermittent auscultation led to an average 30% reduction in emergency caesareans compared to other methods (ranging from 20% to 40% depending upon the comparison method). (ogpnews.com)
Only intermittent auscultation achieved this objective in our study. (ogpnews.com)
I observed a common concern at all the conferences, namely, intermittent auscultation of the fetal heart rate (FHR). (cnps.ca)
The debate among obstetrical nurses about intermittent auscultation inspired this article. (cnps.ca)
These nurses openly analyzed and debated their own practices of intermittent auscultation of the fetal heart rate. (cnps.ca)
Concern was still prevalent that a legal defence would not be as successful if fetal monitoring was done by intermittent auscultation as opposed to an electronic fetal monitor. (cnps.ca)

Second-stage labor duration in nulliparous women: relationship to maternal and perinatal outcomes. (umich.edu)
Prolonged labour may result in maternal exhaustion, fetal distress, and other complications including obstetric fistula. (dirtyharryholster.com)
Fetal heart monitoring (FHM) is an essential midwifery skill to determine fetal well-being and maternal characteristics during labour. (wgtn.ac.nz)
Mothers and their babies are monitored using palpation and auscultation or electronic maternal/fetal surveillance throughout labor and so we can keep a closer eye on them - even when we're not physically in the room. (philips.com.hk)
Perinatal nurses (those practising in labour and delivery, maternal care, and neonatal care) most frequently report lawsuits and occurrences - events which may become lawsuits - to the Canadian Nurses Protective Society (CNPS). (cnps.ca)

Midwives and doctors thought it was useful to have a record of a baby's heartbeat in early labour so comparisons could be made later on. (babycenter.com.au)
We use a handheld Doppler to listen to the baby's heartbeat during labor. (thebirthcenter.com)
Author, midwife, and researcher Amy Romano MBA, MSN, CNM tells us that a large body of evidence on fetal heart rate monitoring indicates that we are likely looking for and finding problems that don't actually exist when it comes your baby's heartbeat in labor. (downtobirthshow.com)

Nurses play a primary role in these bedside support labor practices and thus, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses developed an evidence-based clinical practice guideline on Labor Support for Intended Vaginal Birth (Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses [AWHONN], 2022a ). (nursingcenter.com)
Spontaneous prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) at term provokes a lively discussion about the risk of vaginal examination (Schutte et al 1983), induction of labour and prophylactic antibiotics. (nzdl.org)
No routine prophylactic antibiotics were used and vaginal examination was only performed if labour had started (Ottervanger et al 1996). (nzdl.org)
Labour induction, also known as inducing labour, causes the uterus to contract Before the uterus naturally enters into labour for a vaginal birth. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
i If you had a prior c-section, some providers may give you the opportunity to begin labor and try to deliver vaginally, which is a trial of "vaginal birth after cesarean" or VBAC. (birthguidechicago.com)
i If you've had more than one prior c-section, some providers may give you the opportunity to begin labor and try to delivery vaginally, which is a trial of vaginal birth after 2 or more cesareans or VBA2+C trial of labor. (birthguidechicago.com)
Induction of labor was a common obstetric intervention , occurring in 47.6% of nulliparous and 41.0% of multiparous women attempting vaginal delivery. (faithgibson.org)
OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe details of labor induction, including precursors and methods, and associated vaginal delivery rates. (faithgibson.org)

If labour has not commenced spontaneously during that period (in about 20% of the women), consideration could be given to oxytocin induction. (nzdl.org)
The Bishop's score was initially created to gauge how likely a woman would soon go into labour spontaneously. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)

To give you an idea of what that means, I was at a tertiary perinatal center where we had 3 fetal monitors and 10 labor rooms, so when I started my career as a nurse the majority of our patients were monitored by auscultation and palpation. (synovaassociates.com)

An example of this is routine electronic fetal monitoring-the hospital practice of hooking up a laboring woman to a machine that monitors the baby during labor, while limiting the mother's movement and ability to manage pain. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
Best practice consists of antenatal identification of women with FGM and the offer of defibulation before the onset of labor, supported by appropriate counseling. (dirtyharryholster.com)
IA is the suitable method to carry out fetal heart monitoring of low-risk women during labour, however, in Samoa, availability of resources (equipment and staff) in each hospital facilities influence fetal heart monitoring practice. (wgtn.ac.nz)
At less than 26 weeks it wouldn't be a standard practice to put a CTG on, unless the patient was in labour. (onthewards.org)
Standard practice in maternity units is that every woman in labour is offered monitoring to ensure her baby is safe. (ogpnews.com)
Intermittent observations of fetal heart sounds (auscultation) became standard clinical practice by the mid-20th century. (physionet.org)
Students can practice auscultation at six anterior heart sites. (alphacenturysimulations.com)
Obstetrical nurses attending these conferences were well aware that the Society of Obstetricans and Gynaecologists of Canada had revised their clinical practice guidelines on fetal health surveillance in labour in March 2002. (cnps.ca)

The dominant culture in labor and birth is the medical model, not the midwifery model of woman-centered care. (faithgibson.org)
Continuity of midwifery care in labour is recommended. (vic.gov.au)

In different populations a more active management may be advisable, with the use of antibiotics and earlier induction of labour. (nzdl.org)
Methods of induction of labour: A systematic review. (umich.edu)
Failed labor induction: Toward an objective diagnosis. (umich.edu)
The Bishop Score calculator, called Pelvic Score, is the most used tool for determining whether the cervix is ready for labour induction. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
This technology swiftly assesses whether your body is prepared to give birth and whether labour induction is feasible. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
The Bishop score from a bishop score calculator, often referred to as the Bishop's or cervix score, is a pre-labour scoring system that can help determine whether labour induction will be necessary. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
What is Labour induction? (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
CONCLUSION: Induction of labor was a common obstetric intervention. (faithgibson.org)

Continuous labor support includes physical care (such as positioning, ambulation, and encouragement of adequate intake and output), emotional support, patient advocacy, and partner support. (nursingcenter.com)
Although fetal heart monitoring is used to assess fetal status during labor, continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) may be associated with an increase in interventions. (nursingcenter.com)
This evidence-based guideline for labor support from AWHONN (2022a) helps nurses create a supportive environment for all patients, incorporating principles of trauma-informed care, continuous labor support, and a range of coping techniques to meet their needs. (nursingcenter.com)
Obstetricians have divided labor into 3 stages that delineate milestones in a continuous process. (medscape.com)
Research shows that listening intermittently is equally as effective as continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) in identifying problems during labor and delivery in low-risk pregnancies. (thebirthcenter.com)
Planning for labour and birth is a continuous process, commencing at the beginning of pregnancy. (vic.gov.au)

INTRODUCTION: Active management of the third stage of labour involves giving a prophylactic uterotonic, early cord clamping and controlled cord traction to deliver the placenta. (dirtyharryholster.com)

The Life/form® Ausculation Trainer and Smartscope Manikin presents itself as a real patient without visible auscultation sites. (alphacenturysimulations.com)
The student must palpate to identify correct auscultation locations, and will hear different heart and lung sounds as the Smartscope is moved to different locations on the manikin. (alphacenturysimulations.com)

If you're in early labour and not having to cope with strong contractions every few minutes, your midwife should go through your birth plan with you. (babycenter.com.au)
It can also be used to determine whether early labour will occur. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)

Nonpharmacological pain management includes assessment of pain and anxiety, preferably using a standardized tool such as the Coping with Labor Algorithm ( AWHONN, 2022a ). (nursingcenter.com)
The initial assessment of labor should include a review of the patient's prenatal care, including confirmation of the estimated date of delivery. (medscape.com)
The Coping With Labor Algorithm: An Alternate Pain Assessment Tool for the Laboring Woman. (umich.edu)
Assessment of progress in labour needs to consider the whole clinical picture including an awareness of and response to risk factors that are present or may arise during the course of the labour and birth. (vic.gov.au)

Preterm labor may be the cause of abdominal pain or a consequence of nonobstetric disease, trauma, or infection. (reanfoundation.org)
Diagnosis and treatment of preterm labor in pregnant patients are difficult perioperatively. (reanfoundation.org)
however, the intrauterine environment may not be ideal, and the treatment of preterm labor may exacerbate the effects of intra-abdominal disease. (reanfoundation.org)
Keeping these problems in mind, the following management of preterm labor in trauma or after trauma surgery is suggested. (reanfoundation.org)

This will mean that you won't know how many centimetres your cervix has opened up (dilated), but a skilled midwife will still be able to tell you roughly how far on in labour you are, just from observing you and listening to you. (babycenter.com.au)
Labor consists of a series of rhythmic, involuntary or medically induced contractions of the uterus that result in effacement (thinning and shortening) and dilation of the uterine cervix. (msdmanuals.com)
The stimulus for labor is unknown, but digitally manipulating or mechanically stretching the cervix during examination enhances uterine contractile activity, most likely by stimulating release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland. (msdmanuals.com)
Bloody show (a small amount of blood with mucous discharge from the cervix) may precede onset of labor by as much as 72 hours. (msdmanuals.com)

The other symptoms are less obvious: contractions may be felt long before labour actually starts, and cervical dilatation may be present weeks before the end of pregnancy, and may progress slowly to the time of labour (Crowther 1989). (nzdl.org)

Perinatal period poses unique challenges and care of the mother-baby dyads requires special resources for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. (bvsalud.org)
To provide recommendations for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. (bvsalud.org)
4. How have public and clinical attitudes changed with respect to mobility in labor? (philips.com.hk)

He has published widely on breech birth, fetal growth and the role of labour in determining neonatal outcomes and is the author of the leading undergraduate textbook in obstetrics and gynaecology. (patientsafetyoxford.org)

The admission cardiotocograph (CTG) is a commonly used screening test consisting of a short (usually 20 minutes) recording of the fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine activity performed on the mother's admission to the labour ward. (altmetric.com)
The most common labor intervention is fetal heart monitoring. (nursingcenter.com)
Auscultation revealed hard, blowing sound with first beat of the heart. (spiritindia.com)
It's important to listen to the heart rate in labor, and is there a certain protocol for doing that? (downtobirthshow.com)
Use squeeze-bulbs to simulate birth cries, spontaneous breathing, palpable umbilical pulse and auscultation of heart sounds. (laerdal.com)
Heart and Lung Sounds - A major breakthrough in auscultation training! (alphacenturysimulations.com)
Basically, auscultation is also search for abnormal sounds in the heart, lungs or abdomen to spot health concerns and start right treatment thereafter. (skincancer-infoguide.com)

Labor is a physiologic process during which the fetus, membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta are expelled from the uterus. (medscape.com)

Neal JL, Lowe NK, Nacht AS, Koschoreck K, Anderson J. Pilot Study of Physiologic Partograph Use Among Low‐Risk, Nulliparous Women With Spontaneous Labor Onset. (umich.edu)
Spontaneous labour is most likely to begin if the bishop score is eight or higher. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
Spontaneous rupture of membranes led to a first stage of labour lasting five hours, with full dilation at 1100h. (cnps.ca)
The birth is spontaneous in onset and low risk at the start of labor and remains so throughout labor and delivery. (msdmanuals.com)

The establishment of the onset of labour is, inevitably, the basis for identifying prolonged labour requiring action. (nzdl.org)

3. How has the labor experience evolved from the mother's perspective? (philips.com.hk)

We included four trials involving more than 13,000 women which were conducted in the UK and Ireland and included women in labour. (altmetric.com)
The findings of this review support recommendations that the admission CTG not be used for women who are low risk on admission in labour. (altmetric.com)
Despite the continued prevalence of the supine position many options are open to women in labour. (nzdl.org)
The use of epidural analgesia for labor has grown significantly over the past decades in the United States, and most women now request anesthesia services for the management of pain during labor. (medscape.com)
Many women lose their appetite during labor, but you are encouraged to eat light foods if you feel like it. (thebirthcenter.com)
More and more, women consent to have painful procedures and major surgery, with real health consequences, instead of being confident in their bodies' abilities to naturally start labor and give birth to their baby. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
And most women do not get the benefit of practices, drawn from reliable research, that are proven to manage the pain and ease the process of labor, making it as safe and smooth as possible. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
A Meta-Analysis of Passive Descent Versus Immediate Pushing in Nulliparous Women With Epidural Analgesia in the Second Stage of Labor. (umich.edu)
Most of the time, women go into labour on their own, with no one needing to intervene. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
3) A minority of women have learned the hard way that this is not true and DO NOT want to be casually exposed to meddlesome medicalization (such as a Cytotec-inducted labor) or Cesarean surgery especially women who had a previous Cesarean and do not want another one unless they have a genuine medical need. (collegeofmidwives.org)
Pregnant women suffering from kidney infections can face dangers of premature labor and increased chances of losing their baby. (skincancer-infoguide.com)
At the discretion of the individual provider (doctor or midwife), eating throughout labor is allowed except for women who have an epidural. (birthguidechicago.com)

A pathology report described a degree of placental abruption towards the end of labour as well as placenta villus immaturity. (cnps.ca)

First, uterine irritability is not considered labor until evidence of cervical effacement or dilatation exists. (reanfoundation.org)

The somatic pain that arises during the second stage of labor occurs in addition to the ongoing visceral pain of uterine contractions. (medscape.com)

The Advanced OB Susie® S500.200 is a versatile childbirth simulator designed to allow participants to appreciate the complete birthing experience from the onset of labor, through delivery, and postpartum care. (alphacenturysimulations.com)
Most of the following complications are evident before onset of labor: Multifetal. (msdmanuals.com)
Rupture of the chorioamniotic membranes or bloody show is diagnostic for onset of labor. (msdmanuals.com)

The supine position is also found to reduce the intensity of the contractions (Flynn et al 1978, McManus and Calder 1978, Williams et al 1980, Chen et al 1987), and thus interferes with the progress of labour. (nzdl.org)

The midwives offer the option of trial of labor after cesarean birth for qualifying mothers who have had one or two prior c-sections. (birthguidechicago.com)

When deciding whether to induce labour, the Bishop score calculation is crucial. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)
Both medical and non-medical methods can be used to induce labour. (worldofmedicalsaviours.com)

If the diagnosis start of labour is made erroneously, the result may be unnecessary interventions, such as amniotomy or oxytocin infusions. (nzdl.org)

We have a global fee that covers all of your prenatal care, labor and birth, postpartum care, home visits, classes, and newborn care. (thebirthcenter.com)
Documentation should be factual, contemporaneous and comprehensive throughout all stages of labour, birth and the postpartum period. (vic.gov.au)

Several studies show that, during the first stage of labour, the supine position affects the blood flow in the uterus. (nzdl.org)

Although cesarean birth is sometimes necessary, there are labor support practices to prevent unnecessary cesarean birth. (nursingcenter.com)
Techniques to support coping may include hydrotherapy (either shower or immersion), freedom of movement, varied positions throughout labor, and labor support equipment such as birth balls and peanut balls ( AWHONN, 2022a ). (nursingcenter.com)
Although not every birth environment will be able to incorporate all aspects of the guideline, it provides a vital starting point for nurses to evaluate the care they give during labor and how that care may decrease the risk of cesarean birth. (nursingcenter.com)
If you haven't written a birth plan, you can still ask her to write down if you have any special preferences for labour. (babycenter.com.au)
Recently, a group of about 50 labor and delivery nurses from across the nation was asked how many had witnessed a natural, or physiologic, birth in their educational programs. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
Committee Opinion No. 687: Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth. (umich.edu)
Understanding the stages of birth can help you know what is happening during your labour. (dirtyharryholster.com)
How a woman is supported through her labour and birth may impact upon her post natal recovery, adjustment to motherhood and her self-esteem for many years to come therefore care providers have a duty to be sensitive to the woman's emotional, cultural and physical needs. (vic.gov.au)
Labour and birth are normal physiological processes. (vic.gov.au)
Therefore, respectful communication together with non-judgmental care is paramount to optimise the woman's labour and birth experience. (vic.gov.au)
Siblings are allowed at birth at the discretion of the individual provider and depending on the progress of labor. (birthguidechicago.com)

Everything your midwife does once you are in established labour is written down on your partogram . (babycenter.com.au)

The diagnosis prolonged latent phase is usually better substituted by false labour , because actually labour has not yet started. (nzdl.org)

A particularly important aspect is information and communication that prepares the woman and her labor companion for what to expect during labor and delivery. (dirtyharryholster.com)
When a clinician detects signs that labour is not going well then they will stop labour and expedite delivery with an emergency caesarean section. (ogpnews.com)
I started in labor & delivery in 1979, just at the beginning of the use of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). (synovaassociates.com)
Normal labor usually begins within 2 weeks (before or after) the estimated delivery date. (msdmanuals.com)
Introduction to Abnormalities and Complications of Labor and Delivery Abnormalities and complications of labor and delivery should be diagnosed and managed as early as possible. (msdmanuals.com)
Selecting appropriate candidates and waiting longer for labor to prog- ress into the active phase would make an impact on decreasing the na- tional cesarean delivery rate. (faithgibson.org)

Near the end of the first stage of labor, the fetal head begins to descend, causing perineal distention and activating somatic nociceptive pathways. (medscape.com)

It used to be the case that every woman arriving in hospital in labour was monitored with electronic sensors strapped to her tummy for about 20 minutes. (babycenter.com.au)

This review of second-stage labor care practices discusses risk factors for perineal trauma and prolonged second stage and scrutinizes a variety of care practices including positions, styles of pushing, use of epidural analgesia, and perineal support techniques. (dirtyharryholster.com)
What special care nursery nms = neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia to non art twins or singletons, if labor progresses. (easternpropane.com)

Health managers should avoid frequent rotation of key labor ward staff to other areas outside the maternity section. (dirtyharryholster.com)

bilateral inspiratory crackles were heard on lung auscultation. (cdc.gov)

En: Safer DoMP. (fecolsog.org)

In December 2012, a previously healthy pregnant woman, 38 years of age, at 37 weeks' gestation and in active labor, sought treatment in a New York hospital reporting 2 days of fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic chest pain. (cdc.gov)

Appendix N: Algorithm for the Management of the Second Stage of Labor. (dirtyharryholster.com)

Admission into hospital should not be determined solely by active labour being identified, but by the woman's individual needs. (vic.gov.au)

Risk and malpractice during the second stage of labor has increased during the last decade. (dirtyharryholster.com)
Active management of labor throughout the first and second stage can help early identification of problems to guide practitioners in adjusting modifiable factors. (dirtyharryholster.com)

The cause of this small percentage can be twofold: at the introduction of the partograph in the hospitals a discussion of labour management took place which may have affected the way the latent phase is perceived. (nzdl.org)
The first stage of labor includes the latent and active phases. (medscape.com)
Patient education, a supportive environment, and training with nonpharmacologic analgesic techniques all appear to positively affect labor pain, particularly during the latent (early first stage) phase. (medscape.com)

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care3

Geographicals5

Intermittent auscultation33

Maternal5

Baby's3

Vaginal8

Spontaneously2

Palpation1

Practice8

Midwifery2

Induction8

Continuous6

Prophylactic1

Manikin2

Early labour2

Assessment4

Preterm4

Cervix4

Pregnancy1

Clinical3

Neonatal Outcomes1

Heart7

Umbilical1

Spontaneous4

Identifying prolonged1

Mother's1

Women12

Placenta1

Dilatation1

Uterine1

Onset of labor3

Contractions1

Midwives1

Induce2

Interventions1

Postpartum2

Supine position1

Birth11

Midwife1

Diagnosis1

Delivery6

Fetal head1

Electronic1

Care2

Maternity1

Lung1

Safer1

Gestation1

Algorithm1

Admission1

Second stage2

Latent3