Orthopedic Fixation DevicesSpinal FusionScoliosisLaboratoriesInternal FixatorsThoracic VertebraeBone ScrewsLumbar VertebraeKyphosisRoot Canal PreparationOrthopedic ProceduresDental InstrumentsTuberculosis, SpinalDental Pulp CavitySpineClinical Laboratory TechniquesLaboratories, HospitalEquipment DesignTooth ApexDecompression, SurgicalRoot Canal IrrigantsDebridementSpinal FracturesAnimals, LaboratoryLordosisSpinal DiseasesBone TransplantationSpondylitisSmear LayerSpondylolisthesisTreatment OutcomePseudarthrosisCervical VertebraeNuclear MedicineMedical Laboratory PersonnelSodium HypochloriteAmplifiers, ElectronicTitaniumSurgery, Computer-AssistedDiscitisRetrospective StudiesOccipital BoneIliumChemistry, ClinicalRibsRoot PlaningMiniaturizationPostoperative ComplicationsTractionQuality ControlSacrumSpinal CurvaturesClinical Laboratory Information SystemsBiomechanical PhenomenaSurgical EquipmentProstheses and ImplantsReproducibility of ResultsEquipment FailureDental AlloysSurgical InstrumentsThoracoplastyAxisEndodonticsEquipment Failure AnalysisSensitivity and SpecificitySpondylosisSpinal InjuriesLaminectomySpinal Cord CompressionTooth RootFollow-Up StudiesElectronics, MedicalBone WiresFracture Fixation, InternalProsthesis FittingLaparoscopesTime FactorsCadaverStainless SteelSpinal StenosisMaterials TestingThoracic DiseasesReconstructive Surgical ProceduresCervical AtlasRange of Motion, ArticularSpinal NeoplasmsRoboticsArthrodesisBenzoylarginine NitroanilideAutoanalysisBone PlatesLaboratory PersonnelTomography, X-Ray ComputedDental CalculusMass SpectrometryJoint InstabilityOperative TimeRoot Canal ObturationRotationReference Standards