• This conjugation step can be carried out as part of the solid-phase peptide synthesis, or it can be undertaken in the solution phase after synthesis and purification of the peptide. (nature.com)
  • Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Practical Approach (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2000). (nature.com)
  • In the first part, information about the peptide synthesis was given in a very simple and readable format under the title of solid-phase peptide synthesis including a brief history, solid supports, linkers, protecting groups, and analysis method sections. (intechopen.com)
  • L-Valine-d 8 can be used in the labelled synthesis of L-valineamide-d8 intermediate[1]. (medchemexpress.com)
  • We offer an unparalleled portfolio of natural and unnatural amino acids, resins, and coupling reagents of unrivaled quality for peptide synthesis, including the entire portfolio of over 1,000 Novabiochem ® products . (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • For years, Novabiochem ® peptide synthesis reagents have set the gold standard for quality and reliability. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Peptide synthesis involves the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids to create a peptide composed of a chain of multiple amino acids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
  • The aim of this chapter is to review some applications of synthetic peptides providing a brief knowledge about peptide synthesis. (intechopen.com)
  • The synthesis of the peptides may provide sufficient material to enable further studies and to determine the structure-activity relationships or may provide discovery of new analogues with improved properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • The quality of reagents is critical to the scientific credibility of results obtained with synthetic peptides. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The use of synthetic peptides approved by the health authorities for vaccine, for cancer, and in drug delivery systems is increasing with these developments. (intechopen.com)
  • Amino Acids are known as the monomers of peptides and proteins. (medchemexpress.com)
  • MedChemExpress ( MCE ) offers a diverse array of Stable Isotope-Labeled Amino Acids & Peptides, including free and protected amino acids. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Applications of Stable Isotope-Labeled amino acids are directed to proteomic, metabolomics, or structural biology researches, etc . (medchemexpress.com)
  • The latter route, described here, involves reacting a molar excess of the activated tri- tert -butyl ester-derivatized chelator with a designated free amino group of a peptide analog, in which all other reactive amines are protected, in the presence of a coupling agent. (nature.com)
  • The 131 I radiolabel generally clears rapidly from the tumor after internalization and subsequent degradation of the bivalent l -amino acid peptide ( l -a.a. peptide) in the tumor cells. (snmjournals.org)
  • To improve the residence time of the iodine label in the tumor, a new bivalent peptide was synthesized that is peptidase resistant and consists of 4 d -amino acids ( d -a.a. peptide). (snmjournals.org)
  • We have developed an effective pretargeting system based on a biologically produced bs-mAb (antirenal cell carcinoma [RCC] x anti-DTPA(In) bs-mAb: G250xDTIn-1) and an 111 In-labeled bivalent l -amino acid peptide ( l -a.a. peptide) (Ac-Phe-Lys(DTPA)-Tyr-Lys(DTPA)-NH 2 ) (DTPA is diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) ( 10 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • In both cases uptake was significantly reduced by excess unlabeled peptide to 1.0% and 0.4% for sCCK8 and nsCCK8, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • High tumor uptake and contrast can be obtained with pretargeted anti-CEA immuno-PET in relapsed MTC patients, especially using optimized pretargeting parameters: a BsMAb-to-peptide mole ratio of 20 and 30 h pretargeting delay. (snmjournals.org)
  • The uptake and retention in the tumor of 111 In-/ 125 I-labeled bivalent peptides ( l -a.a. peptide and d -a.a. peptide) were studied in female BALB/c athymic mice with subcutaneous SK-RC-52 RCC tumors. (snmjournals.org)
  • The maximum uptake and retention of 125 I-labeled l -a.a. peptide in the tumor were significantly lower compared with that of the 111 In-labeled l -a.a. peptide. (snmjournals.org)
  • In contrast, the tumor uptake and retention of the 125 I-labeled d -a.a. peptide) were similar to that of the 111 In-labeled l -a.a. peptide but were superior at later time points. (snmjournals.org)
  • Uptake and retention in the tumor of the iodinated peptide after pretargeting with a bs-mAb can be significantly improved using d -a.a. peptides. (snmjournals.org)
  • In previous studies we have shown that with this strategy relatively high uptake of the 111 In label in various RCC mouse models can be achieved (maximum uptake from 54.1 to 287 %ID/g) (%ID/g is percentage injected dose per gram) ( 11 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • In the last part, information about cell-penetrating peptides that can be used as molecular carries is mentioned with providing classification and cellular uptake mechanism of them. (intechopen.com)
  • abstract = "Isobaric stable isotope labeling of peptides using iTRAQ is an important method for MS based quantitative proteomics. (vu.nl)
  • Facilitate advanced proteomics workflows: label-free quantitation, whole proteome profiling and single-cell proteomics with faster data acquisition. (thermofisher.com)
  • The need to keep track of protein modifications is readily recognized by the proteomics community, and few repositories of known peptide modifications have been created. (lu.se)
  • In addition, this 18 F-FBEM protocol can also be applied to label thiol-containing proteins, antibodies, as well as 5'-thio-functionalized oligonucleotides. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our method allows for the identification of the proteins, identification of redox-sensitive cysteines within proteins, and quantification of the redox status of individual cysteine-containing peptides. (hindawi.com)
  • The first applications of this technology involved exposing purified proteins to either OS or normal condition before labeling with either heavy or light ICAT reagents, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • Radiometal-labelled macrocyclic chelator-derivatised somatostatin analogue with superb tumour-targeting properties and potential for receptor-mediated internal radiotherapy. (nature.com)
  • While all the macrocyclic bifunctional chelators are suitable for molecular imaging using 64 Cu-labeled antibody conjugates, NOTA and sar-CO 2 H show significant advantages over the others in that they can be radiolabeled rapidly at room temperature, under dilute conditions, resulting in high specific activity. (acs.org)
  • An N-terminally modified human Aβ 1-40 peptide labeled with a fluorophore, 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carbonyl (DAC) that shares a common binding site with Aβ 1-40 (Cat. (merckmillipore.com)
  • A broad spectrum of radiolabeled peptides with high affinity for receptors expressed on tumor cells is currently under preclinical and clinical investigation for scintigraphic imaging and radionuclide therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Peptides can be labeled with various trivalent radiometals for imaging or targeted radionuclide-therapy applications. (nature.com)
  • Earlier clinical studies reported a high sensitivity of pretargeted immunoscintigraphy using murine or chimeric anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) bispecific antibody (BsMAb) and peptides labeled with 111 In or 131 I in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). (snmjournals.org)
  • Tumors were pretargeted with the bispecific monoclonal antibody (bs-mAb) G250xDTIn-1 and, 72 h later, mice were injected intravenously with one of both radiolabeled peptides. (snmjournals.org)
  • Similarly, sar-CO-rituximab, containing 1/10th the number of chelators per antibody compared to that of other conjugates, retained high labeling efficiency (98%) at an antibody concentration of 250 nM. (acs.org)
  • A peptide can be labeled with a single or multiple dye(s) at the peptide N-terminus, C-terminus, or internally, for applications in protein interaction studies , to trace the presence of biomolecules in cells, enzyme activity assays , etc. (anaspec.com)
  • Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)
  • The present paper evaluates two (99m)Tc-labeled forms of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK8): sulfated (s)CCK8, with high affinity for CCK1 and CCK2 receptors, and nonsulfated (ns)CCK8, with high affinity for CCK2 receptors but low affinity for CCK1 receptors. (nih.gov)
  • In conclusion, these data show that CCK8 analogues can be efficiently labeled with (99m)Tc using s-HYNIC as chelator and nicotinic acid/tricine as coligand system without compromising receptor binding. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular modelling studies indicate that the CCK8 peptide adopts the right conformation for cholecystokinin receptor binding, and that modifications on the N-terminal side of CCK8 obtained by introducing chelating agents and its metal complexes should not affect the interaction with CCKA receptor. (cnr.it)
  • Novel bioactive and stable neurotensin peptide analogues capable of delivering radiopharmaceuticals and molecular beacons to tumors. (nature.com)
  • The combination of the long circulating half-life of the radiolabeled mAb and the radiosensitivity of the bone marrow limits the radioactive doses of labeled antibodies that can be administered safely ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Peptides were conjugated with the bifunctional chelator N-hydroxysuccinimidyl hydrazino niconitate (s-HYNIC). (nih.gov)
  • In this study, the radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro stability, and biodistribution of immunoconjugates with eight different bifunctional chelators labeled with 64 Cu were compared. (acs.org)
  • Preclinical studies showed that new-generation humanized recombinant anti-CEA × antihistamine-succinyl-glycine (HSG) trivalent BsMAb TF2 and radiolabeled HSG peptide (IMP288) present good features for PET. (snmjournals.org)
  • Here we report a method for iTRAQ-based relative quantification on the ETD enabled LTQ Orbitrap XL, which is based on parallel peptide quantification and peptide identification. (vu.nl)
  • By applying our approach to the analysis of the synapse proteome from human brain biopsies, we demonstrate that it outperforms a latest generation MALDI TOF/TOF instrument, with improvements in both peptide and protein identification and quantification. (vu.nl)
  • The peptide is first conjugated to a chelating agent that is able to form stable complexes with the radionuclide of interest. (nature.com)
  • The biodistribution of the radioiodinated d -a.a. peptide was highly similar to that of the 111 In-labeled d -a.a. peptide, and both radiolabeled peptides were retained significantly better in the tumor than the 111 In-labeled l -a.a. peptide. (snmjournals.org)
  • Unfortunately, after internalization and degradation of the 131 I-labeled peptide in the lysosomes, the metabolite 131 I-Tyr is rapidly cleared from tumor cells ( 12 - 15 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Biologically active 18 F-labeled molecules are becoming widely used in molecular imaging over the past decades, including some currently undergoing early phase clinical trials. (researchsquare.com)
  • This study aimed at optimizing molar doses and pretargeting interval of TF2 and 68 Ga-labeled IMP288 for immuno-PET in relapsed MTC patients with calcitonin serum levels greater than 150 pg/mL. (snmjournals.org)
  • Pharmacokinetics demonstrated a fast TF2 clearance and a clear relationship between blood activity clearance and the ratio between the molar amount of injected peptide to the molar amount of circulating TF2 at the time of peptide injection. (snmjournals.org)
  • Small, almost trivial, differences in purity of the starting reagents can greatly affect the microheterogeneity of the product peptide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Here we investigated the characteristics of the residualizing iodine label in SK-RC-52 RCC tumors. (snmjournals.org)
  • We describe a statistical measure, Mass Distance Fingerprint, for automatic de novo detection of predominant peptide mass distances, i.e., putative protein mod- ifications. (lu.se)
  • The method's focus is to globally detect mass differences, not to assign peptide sequences or modifications to individual spectra. (lu.se)
  • The goal is to assign acquired spectra to known peptide sequences and potential co- and post-translational modifica- tions. (lu.se)
  • Traditionally, quantitative analysis of iTRAQ labeled peptides has been confined to beam-type instruments because of the weak detection capabilities of ion traps for low mass ions. (vu.nl)
  • The Thermo Scientific FAIMS Pro Duo interface enhances precursor selectivity, improving qualitative and quantitative results for most peptide and protein applications while reducing time-consuming sample preparation steps. (thermofisher.com)
  • After that, the topic of nuclear imaging-guided peptidic drug targets and labeling techniques and recent developments in therapy was discussed. (intechopen.com)
  • The specific characters of peptides (high bioactivity, high specificity, and low toxicity) have made them attractive therapeutic agents. (intechopen.com)
  • In both cases internalization was blocked by excess unlabeled peptide. (nih.gov)
  • As a cost-effective alternative to isotopic labeling approaches, label-free quantitation (LFQ) enables relative quantitation of protein samples from any origin. (thermofisher.com)
  • The method can be used for automated detection of chemical/post- translational modifications, quality control of experiments and labelling approaches, and to control the modification settings of protein identification tools. (lu.se)
  • The d -a.a. peptide was manually synthesized according to standard solid-phase Fmoc/HBTU (2-[1H-benzotriazole-1-yl]-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) chemistry. (snmjournals.org)
  • 50% yield by mixing 18 F-SFB with N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide in DMSO for 30 minutes at 40 °C. Part two of this protocol describes the conjugation of 18 F-FBEM with peptides. (researchsquare.com)
  • In C4, the TF2-to-peptide mole ratio was increased to 40 (delay 30 h), resulting in high T-SUV max but with higher MBP than in C2. (snmjournals.org)
  • The Mass Distance Fin- gerprint is calculated from high accuracy measured peptide masses. (lu.se)
  • With over 25 years of peptide manufacturing experience, AnaSpec is your trusted source of highly complex peptides. (anaspec.com)
  • This expansion has created the need for a facile and robust labeling method with 18 F. Here we describe the protocol of site-specific labeling of peptides with N-[2-(4- 18 F-fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ( 18 F-FBEM). (researchsquare.com)
  • The purified products from both syntheses can look homogeneous by HPLC, however the peptide obtained using the 99.5% optically pure building blocks will only contain at maximum 78% of the target: the diastereomeric by-products will be hiding under the product peak as they are inseparable and are of course undetectable by MS. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • iTRAQ reporter ion generation is performed by HCD, while CID and ETD provide peptide identification data in parallel in the LTQ ion trap. (vu.nl)
  • The 10-mer Ang I peptide is converted to Ang II through the cleavage of the Phe8-His9 bond of Ang I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or human chymase. (mobitec.com)
  • We are pleased to offer a broad range of premium fluorescent dyes that span the whole visible and near infrared spectrum, for incorporation into your custom peptides. (anaspec.com)
  • From AnaSpec: Truncated fluorescently labeled amyloid-beta peptide containing metal binding residues to study its metal interaction characteristics and kinetics. (anaspec.com)
  • The aim of this book chapter is to review the recent developments in the use of peptides in the diagnosis of drug and vaccine systems and to present them to the reader with commercially available illustrations. (intechopen.com)
  • Both modified and unmodified peptides have to be present in the sample to be detected. (lu.se)
  • We deliver fluorescent dye-labeled peptides in research grade or as critical raw material. (anaspec.com)
  • During label-free relative quantitation workflows, digested peptides are separated by LC prior to MS. RP separation on Thermo Scientific low-flow systems integrates well with label-free quantitation workflows and combines seamlessly with Thermo Scientific Orbitrap mass spectrometers. (thermofisher.com)