OxidaseReductaseEnzymeMitochondriaPyruvate dehydrogenaseP450FerricytochromeLactic dehydrogenaseMitochondrialMetabolismLipid PeroxidationHydrogenSteroidActivityCellsIncludeGeneCompleteSiteEnergySubunitCaspaseElectronLacticProteinNADHApoptosisEnzymesMonooxygenaseMeasurementProteinsReleaseCytotoxicitySignificantSubstratesDiagnosisRatsLevelsDomainEnergy
Oxidase4
- Quantitative cytochrome oxidase (COX) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined histochemically. (molvis.org)
- Muscle biopsy specimens taken before and after training and tapering were analysed for carnitine palmityltransferase (CPT), citrate synthase, beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), cytochrome oxidase (CYTOX), lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen and protein. (nih.gov)
- Examples include cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase. (changingyourbusiness.com)
- Organic III then decreases cytochrome em c /em , which goes by electrons to complicated IV (cytochrome em c /em oxidase). (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
Reductase1
- Other names in common use include lactic acid dehydrogenase, D-lactate (cytochrome) dehydrogenase, cytochrome-dependent D-(−)-lactate dehydrogenase, D-lactate-cytochrome c reductase, and D-(−)-lactic cytochrome c reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme5
- In enzymology, a D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.1.2.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (D)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (D)-lactate and ferricytochrome c, whereas its two products are pyruvate and ferrocytochrome c. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with a cytochrome as acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is (D)-lactate:ferricytochrome-c 2-oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
- Growth on CO requires the enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) that catalyzes the reversible conversion between CO and CO 2 . (hindawi.com)
- It catalyzes the oxidation of L-lactate to PYRUVATE with transfer of electrons to CYTOCHROME C . The enzyme utilizes FMN and PROTOHEME IX as cofactors. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria2
- A cytochrome form of lactate dehydrogenase found in the MITOCHONDRIA . (nih.gov)
- a) Mitochondria have a double membrane (b) The enzymes of the Krebs cycle and the cytochromes are found in mitochondria. (hssliveguru.com)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase1
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
P4503
- The presence in orange juice of compounds that specifically inhibit the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug efflux transporter, but not the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozyme CYP3A4, was investigated. (aspetjournals.org)
- I. Morphological alterations and effects on cytochrome P450 1A1. (duke.edu)
- In addition, immunohistochemical studies indicated that toxic concentrations of acetaminophen which altered the endoplasmic reticulum helped maintain cytochrome P450 1A1 in liver cells from beta-naphthoflavone-induced trout. (duke.edu)
Ferricytochrome1
- Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c. (umassmed.edu)
Lactic dehydrogenase1
- The lactic dehydrogenase of yeast. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial1
- Acetylcoenzyme A after that gets into the citric acidity routine or Krebs routine to release skin tightening and, hydrogen, NADH, the decreased type of flavine adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), GTP and coenzyme A. Systems of NRTI-induced lactate elevation The toxicity of NRTI relates to alterations from the mitochondrial inhaling and exhaling pathway at different amounts. (bioshockinfinitereleasedate.com)
Metabolism2
- Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)
- [ 6 ] suggesting that slow metabolism results in diversion of INH metabolism to an alternative pathway (eg, one mediated by cytochrome P-450 [CYP-450]) that may produce a toxic metabolite. (medscape.com)
Lipid Peroxidation1
- The effect of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of 80% ethanolic extract of the fresh leaves of Lawsonia inermis were examined on drug metabolizing phase-I and phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in the liver of 7 weeks old Swiss albino mice. (nih.gov)
Hydrogen1
- Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule. (systemsbiology.net)
Steroid1
- L-lactate dehydrogenase;Cytochrome b5-like Heme/Steroid. (ntu.edu.sg)
Activity1
- DCA synergistically enhances sorafenib-induced development suppression in extremely glycolysing HCC cells DCA improved PDH activity (data not really shown), decreased lactate creation, and suppressed cell development inside a dose-dependent way in every HCC cell lines examined (Shape 2A). (molecularcircuit.com)
Cells2
- At high concentrations of acetaminophen (2-10 mM), pathologic effects were detected, including loss of lactate dehydrogenase from cells, disruption of cell-cell aggregation, cell death, and distinctive alterations in cell morphology, as demonstrated by light and electron microscopic examination. (duke.edu)
- Cells or moderate were gathered at 48?h for dimension of lactate, blood sugar, reactive oxygen types (ROS) and ATP, with 96?h for traditional western blotting and sub-G1 evaluation. (molecularcircuit.com)
Include1
- Tests to rule out hemolysis include CBC with differential, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, serum haptoglobin, free serum hemoglobin and Heinz body preparation. (cdc.gov)
Gene2
- The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) of D. hafniense DCB-2 and Y51 appears incomplete since they lack the gene coding for 2-oxoglutarate Chlormezanone dehydrogenase, and the cycle lacks the anaplerotic glyoxylate bypass (Figure 2). (screeninglibraries.com)
- This parasite was characterized by cytochrome b ( cytb ) gene sequencing. (cdc.gov)
Complete1
- The CdhAB-2 combines with acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) [ 10 ] and operates in the acetyl-CoA pathway for complete oxidation of lactate to CO 2 [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Site1
- U. Ryde, L. Hemmingsen (1997) "The active-site metal coordination geometry of cadmium-substituted alcohol dehydrogenase. (lu.se)
Energy1
- quinone oxidoreductase complex (Fqo) is crucial in energy conservation in A. fulgidus during growth with lactate [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Subunit1
- They are inactivated forms of the B chain subunit of lactate dehydrogenase. (bvsalud.org)
Caspase9
- Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that TSIIA inhibits growth of NSCLC A549 cells, induces activation of JNK signaling and triggers caspase cascade apoptosis mediated by the release of cytochrome c, which provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TSIIA on lung cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Subsequently, results from an in vitro epilepsy model demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑128 promoted nerve cell apoptosis, increased the protein expression of tumor protein p53, BCL2 associated X (Bax) and Cytochrome c, and enhanced caspase‑3/9 activity, whereas it suppressed the protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). (spandidos-publications.com)
- In conclusion, the present findings indicated that anti‑miR‑128 may exert neuroprotective effects in epilepsy, through the SIRT1/p53/Bax/Cytochrome c/caspase signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The platelet protective nature of compound 4f was determined by assessing various apoptotic markers such as ROS generation, cytosolic Ca2+levels, PS externalization, cytochrome C translocation, Caspase activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytotoxicity, LDH leakage and tyrosine phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins. (uni-mysore.ac.in)
- Ouabain triggered transient neuronal cell swelling followed by cell shrinkage, accompanied by intracellular Ca 2+ and Na + increase, K + decrease, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and DNA laddering. (jneurosci.org)
- Potassium channel blockers or high K + medium, but not Ca 2+ channel blockade, prevented cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and DNA damage. (jneurosci.org)
- for caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 activity, and by calculating the discharge of lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. (iwap2018.com)
- Particularly, in the intrinsic pathway, the forming of a multimeric Apaf-1/cytochrome complicated leads to activation of caspase-9, which activates and cleaves the downstream caspases caspase-3, ?6, and ?7 [1, 10]. (iwap2018.com)
- DOX-dependent oxidative damage induced the release of cytochrome C and subsequent activation of caspase 3, causing myocardial apoptosis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Electron1
- At high concentrations of acetaminophen (2-10 mM), pathologic effects were detected, including loss of lactate dehydrogenase from cells, disruption of cell-cell aggregation, cell death, and distinctive alterations in cell morphology, as demonstrated by light and electron microscopic examination. (duke.edu)
Lactic2
- The lactic dehydrogenase of yeast. (wikipedia.org)
- ETC dysfunction reduces ATP production, increases anaerobic metabolism (which can lead to elevated lactate concentrations in the blood [lactic acidosis] and/or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]), and increases free radical production, which can lead to oxidative stress and additional cellular damage and dysfunction. (nih.gov)
Protein1
- To assess the acute damage and inflammatory responses, differential cell counts, acellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. (cdc.gov)
NADH1
- Viability measurement by reacting with FMNH2, FADH2, NADH, NADPH, and cytochromes to measure the entire reducing potential of the cell. (cdc.gov)
Apoptosis1
- Cell viability, proliferation, toxicity, and apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), and flow cytometry assays. (harvard.edu)
Enzymes1
- For instance, iron, even apart from its role in hemoglobin, affects aerobic energy metabolic pathways through functions in enzymes and cytochromes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Monooxygenase1
- PAHs require bioactivation by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system to exert toxic/carcinogenic effects. (cdc.gov)
Measurement1
- Cell viability, assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the medium, as well as the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, showed a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell survival upon thimerosal exposure. (blogspot.com)
Proteins1
- Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle necrosis and the leakage of muscle-cell contents like electrolytes, myoglobin, and sarcoplasmic proteins (CPK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) into the circulation [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Release2
Cytotoxicity1
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-structured cytotoxic assay Degrees of cell cytotoxicity had been evaluated utilizing a CytoTox-ONE? (iwap2018.com)
Significant1
- Long-term treatment with Super S.O.D (0.55 and 1.10 g/kg/day x 15) caused a dose-dependent protection against myocardial I/R injury in rats, as evidenced by the significant decrease in the extent of lactate dehydrogenase leakage. (degruyter.com)
Substrates1
- They are predominantly found in plant cytokinin dehydrogenase 1, where they are capable of binding both FAD and cytokinin substrates. (unl.edu)
Diagnosis1
- Laboratory tests at the time of final diagnosis showed anemia, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase. (cdc.gov)
Rats1
- ibited the expression of casein kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and reduced infarct size in AMI rats. (archive.org)
Levels1
- Moreover, scutellarin elevated Bax and Cytochrome C levels but diminished the levels of Bcl-2, Wnt1, cytoplasmic β-catenin, and basal cytoplasmic β- catenin. (harvard.edu)
Domain1
- Semialdehyde dehydrogenase, dimerisation domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Energy1
- Given the ability to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, starch, and 1,3-β-glucan, we predict that this Saccharibacteria generates energy by fermentation of soil necromass and plant root exudates to acetate and lactate. (biomedcentral.com)