• Kupffer cells, the resident liver macrophages have long been considered as mostly scavenger cells responsible for removing particulate material from the portal circulation. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
  • Here we show that beta cell failure in adult ZDF rats is not associated with CB 1 R signaling in beta cells, but rather in M1 macrophages infiltrating into pancreatic islets, and that this leads to activation of the Nlrp3-ASC inflammasome in the macrophages. (nature.com)
  • Most tissues harbor resident mononuclear phagocytes, that is, dendritic cells and macrophages. (hindawi.com)
  • Mononuclear phagocytes are a group of phenotypic distinct members, often referred to as either macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), that derive from myeloid precursors and that contribute to the functions of peripheral tissues [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper we apply the tissue-centric perspective to discuss the role of resident and infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells in different organs. (hindawi.com)
  • these are liver-resident macrophages, or Kupffer cells, and lymphocytes, which process numerous antigens and pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Reticuloendothelial cells include macrophages in the bone marrow and spleen and Kupffer cells, which are specialized macrophages found in the liver that help protect the body against foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Macrophages exist in nearly all tissues and are produced when white blood cells called monocytes leave the blood and differentiate in a tissue-specific manner. (zmescience.com)
  • For example, macrophages present in the brain are termed microglia and in the liver sinusoids they are called Kupffer cells. (zmescience.com)
  • In the so-called interstitial space, where we can find the testosterone-producing Leydig cells, one type of interstitial macrophages is produced. (zmescience.com)
  • After puberty sets in, the peritubular macrophages stay with them for the rest of their lives, as reported in the Journal of Experimental Medicine . (zmescience.com)
  • Kupffer cells belong to the mononuclear phagocyte series of phagocytic cells, which include macrophages, Langherhans cells in the skin, osteoclasts and alveolar macrophages. (digitalhistology.org)
  • Because macrophages, Kupffer cells, and to a lesser extent, endothelial cells metabolize these modified lipoproteins in vitro, it was of interest to determine whether endothelial cells or macrophages could be responsible for the in vivo uptake of these lipoproteins. (rupress.org)
  • These data indicate that specific sinusoidal endothelial cells, not the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, are primarily responsible for the removal of these modified lipoproteins from the circulation in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • There is accumulating evidence, reviewed in this paper, suggesting that Kupffer cells may act both as effector cells in the destruction of hepatocytes by producing harmful soluble mediators as well as antigen presenting cells during viral infections of the liver. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Each lobule is made up of millions of hepatic cells (hepatocytes), which are the basic metabolic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells are not affected. (medscape.com)
  • Lobules are the functional units of the liver and consist of millions of cells called hepatocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hepatocytes, as well as nonparenchymal cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the pathology of many liver diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Using human Hep G2 cells and freshly isolated rodent hepatocytes, it was demonstrated that metals increase gene expression and secretion of CXC chemokines and TNFalpha. (cdc.gov)
  • Drained via the portal vein, abdominally derived endotoxin, a pathogen associated molecular pattern, PAMP, directly stimulates the reticuloendothelial system of the liver but also hepatocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Steatosis is the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes which can lead to an overall increase in liver size, so-called hepatomegaly. (frontiersin.org)
  • Later in the course of the condition, iron also accumulates in liver cells (hepatocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
  • An emerging lesser known, but potentially fatal complication of T2DM is the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes (steatosis), that leads to the chronic liver disorder Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form, Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis (NASH). (ddw-online.com)
  • 21). Colocalization research had been performed in liver organ areas from EtOH-treated dKO mice to determine whether 4-HNE adducts happened in Kupffer cells or stellate cells furthermore to hepatocytes. (eprf.ca)
  • Since circulating cells in the liver are in contact predominantly with sinusoidal lining cells (Kupffer cells and endothelial cells), this postulate requires the presence of asialoglycoprotein receptors on the luminal surface of the sinusoidal lining cells. (nih.gov)
  • The plasma membranes of Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and fat-storing cells were devoid of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (nih.gov)
  • LM, SEM, and TEM examinations indicated kavain-treated rat livers ( n = 4) displayed severe vascular and endothelial damage compared to control livers ( n = 4). (wjgnet.com)
  • However, many disease-predisposing factors and/or contributing factors have been identified, including inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, aberrant vascular wall cell proliferation and mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein-receptor type 2 ( Bmpr2 ) gene [ 1 - 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Uptake of chemically modified low density lipoproteins in vivo is mediated by specific endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • Uptake of AcAc LDL by endothelial cells of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. (rupress.org)
  • Isolated sinusoidal endothelial cells from the rat liver displayed saturable, high affinity binding of AcAc LDL (Kd = 2.5 X 10(-9) M at 4 degrees C), and were shown to degrade AcAc LDL 10 times more effectively than aortic endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • Their role in fibrosis is well established as they are one of the main sources of TGFβ1 production, which leads to the transformation of stellate cells into myofibroblasts. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), (a Kupffer cell marker), or for the looks of -soft muscle tissue actin (-SMA) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) (a marker of triggered stellate cells). (eprf.ca)
  • Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)
  • The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
  • Expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and T cell population markers in adipose tissue are associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in humans. (nature.com)
  • However, evidence derived mostly from animal models, indicates that Kupffer cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases including viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, intrahepatic cholostasis, activation or rejection of the liver during liver transplantation and liver fibrosis. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Liver fibrosis is a chronic, highly prevalent disease that may progress to cirrhosis and substantially increases the risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (mdpi.com)
  • Matrix metalloproteinase gene delivery for liver fibrosis. (nih.gov)
  • Alcoholic liver disease has also been associated with increased susceptibility to infection, especially in cases with evidence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Backgrounds -Hepatic fibrosis is one of the main consequences of liver disease. (bmj.com)
  • Both fibrosis and steatosis may be seen in some patients with chronic hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). (bmj.com)
  • 3 Hepatic fibrosis is one of the most important features of chronic hepatitis C. The accurate assessment of hepatic fibrosis is important to study the natural history and the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Fibrosis is also seen in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) 4 - 6 and other forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (bmj.com)
  • Cirrhosis is defined histologically as a diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and conversion of the normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. (medscape.com)
  • These findings demonstrate the central role lipid peroxidation plays in mediating progression of alcohol-induced necroinflammatory liver injury, stellate cell activation, matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. (eprf.ca)
  • The lobules are held together by a fine, dense, irregular, fibroelastic connective tissue layer extending from the fibrous capsule covering the entire liver known as Glisson's capsule after British doctor Francis Glisson. (wikipedia.org)
  • This tissue extends into the structure of the liver by accompanying the blood vessels, ducts, and nerves at the hepatic hilum. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, significant vacuolization is present in the heart's connective tissue cells of the heart valves. (medscape.com)
  • This ligament is a band of tissue that keeps the liver anchored to the diaphragm. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A layer of fibrous tissue called Glisson's capsule covers the outside of the liver. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Removal of two-thirds of the liver in mice causes the remaining liver tissue to regrow to its original size and restore function within 7-10 days . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • While extending criteria for liver organs provides a needed resource, tissue damage from prolonged ischemic injury can result in early allograft dysfunction and consequent rejection. (jci.org)
  • During the last decades, research has focused on the cell-type-specific properties of these cells in culture, which then led to an immunocentric view of their role in disease like if they were primed like T cells to infiltrate target organs to cause tissue damage and drive progressive scaring [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A more tissue-centric view of these processes, claiming that the tissues define phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating immune cells to meet tissues needs during homeostasis and disease, seems provocative [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, we discuss how published data supports the view that changing tissue environments induce the well-known different phenotypes of mononuclear phagocytes, a process that not only enforces each of the different environments but also explains the contribution of these cells to the different tissue pathologies. (hindawi.com)
  • Chemical methods are used to measure the concentration of collagen in liver tissue. (bmj.com)
  • Under a magnification of 500X, this photomicrograph revealed some of the histopathology associated with a liver biopsy tissue specimen. (cdc.gov)
  • Histopathological examination of liver tissue corroborated well with the biochemical changes. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A histological examination of tissue sections, undertaken after the administration of AcAc LDL or Ac LDL (labeled with either 125I or a fluorescent probe) to rats, dogs, or guinea pigs, was used to identify the specific cells binding and internalizing these lipoproteins in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • In one case, the liver failure was considered to be due to advanced hepatitis or cirrhosis, but rheumatic heart disease was also present. (cdc.gov)
  • this is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, to differentiate the disease from alcohol-induced liver injury, either of which can progress to cirrhosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The progression of liver injury to cirrhosis may occur over several weeks to years. (medscape.com)
  • Specific medical therapies may be applied to many liver diseases in an effort to diminish symptoms and to prevent or forestall the development of cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • Iron overload in the liver can lead to chronic liver disease (cirrhosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cirrhosis increases the risk of developing a type of liver cancer called hepatocellular carcinoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • NAFLD/NASH can progress to hepatitis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer, thus illustrating the importance of addressing these serious complications of T2DM. (ddw-online.com)
  • The cellular model system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)/cirrhosis development and progression may be used in the screening of compounds useful in the treatment and/or prevention of cirrhosis and/or HCC as well as in the identification biomarkers for the prediction of liver disease (especially cirrhosis) progression and HCC. (sumobrain.com)
  • Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce an oxidative stress model of hepatocyte IAR-20 cells to evaluate the protective effects of BMMSCs in vitro. (medscimonit.com)
  • Dexamethasone inhibits phagocytosis by human trabecular meshwork (eye) cells in vitro, with polystyrene particle uptake reduced from 3.5 beads/cell to 1.5 beads/cell, a 57% reduction [ 3364 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Mechanistically, the importance and meaning of these observations needs to be addressed in a suitable and easily manipulable in vitro system consisting of human islets and immune cells. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • These blood vessels subdivide into small capillaries known as liver sinusoids, which then lead to hepatic lobules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kupffer cells, spanning the lumen of these sinusoids, are a type of macrophage that phagocytose aging red blood cells and other debris in the sinusoidal lumen. (digitalhistology.org)
  • To investigate whether the major kavalactone kavain imposes adverse effects on the liver ultrastructure and function by affecting vascular and microvascular architecture and altering hepatocellular morphology. (wjgnet.com)
  • BMMSCs showed significant protective effects on the ultrastructure of DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injury to IAR-20 cells under electron microscopy. (medscimonit.com)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally observed metabolic disease with high prevalence both in adults and children. (mdpi.com)
  • With the global rise in obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic hepatic condition, affecting approximately 25% of adults worldwide. (medpagetoday.com)
  • NAFLD can affect multiple organ systems -- which is not surprising as the liver has multiple functions, including regulating metabolism and serving as a central organ of the immune system. (medpagetoday.com)
  • We were intrigued by experimental studies showing that in NAFLD many of these key immune cells become dysfunctional at various levels, which may affect disease progression and at the same time increase susceptibility to various viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Do some patients have both alcoholic liver disease and NAFLD, and are these two forms histologically identical? (medpagetoday.com)
  • It is almost impossible to distinguish between alcoholic liver disease and NAFLD by histology alone, and recent studies suggest that the number of individuals with both types of fatty liver disease is probably higher than previously thought. (medpagetoday.com)
  • We conducted a nationwide population-based study of all adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD in Sweden diagnosed from 1969 to 2017, excluding those with a history of alcohol abuse or misuse or other comorbid liver disease. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Bacterial overgrowth, increased gut permeability and intestinal dysmotility are characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (frontiersin.org)
  • On the diaphragmatic surface, apart from a triangular bare area where it connects to the diaphragm, the liver is covered by a thin, double-layered membrane, the peritoneum, that helps to reduce friction against other organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike most organs, the liver has two major sources of blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For example, organs like the lung and the liver are exposed to pathogen components from the air or from the gut barrier, respectively, which explains the predominance of a macrophage phenotype that has a higher capacity for phagocytic clearance of pathogen components. (hindawi.com)
  • Organ-on-chips are miniaturized devices that arrange living cells to simulate functional subunits of tissues and organs. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • In ITP, for example, his laboratory is interested in how platelet antigens are processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells to activate T lymphocytes. (lu.se)
  • In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. (jci.org)
  • These findings implicate endocannabinoids and inflammasome activation in beta cell failure and identify macrophage-expressed CB 1 R as a therapeutic target in T2DM. (nature.com)
  • Thus, organ- and disease phase-specific microenvironments determine macrophage and dendritic cell heterogeneity in a temporal and spatial manner, which assures their support to maintain and regain homeostasis in whatever condition. (hindawi.com)
  • Two types of testicular macrophage - important cells of the immune system - have been described in great detail by French researchers at the Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy. (zmescience.com)
  • A macrophage is a large white blood cell which gobbles foreign pathogens like bacteria. (zmescience.com)
  • The other kind of macrophage is peritubular, named so because we can find it on the surface of seminiferous tubules that house sperm cell precursors. (zmescience.com)
  • Liver examples were set in 10% natural buffered formalin and prepared, and paraffin-embedded areas had GSK690693 been stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). H and E-stained liver organ sections were obtained for steatosis, swelling (macrophage infiltration), and necrosis with a veterinary pathologist without prior understanding. (eprf.ca)
  • Its other metabolic roles include carbohydrate metabolism, the production of hormones, conversion and storage of nutrients such as glucose and glycogen, and the decomposition of red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The body can break down stored carbohydrates in the liver, known as glycogen, into glucose. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Neutralization of TNF-alpha or ablation of Kupffer cells restored glucose tolerance in IL-6R alpha(L-KO) mice. (uni-koeln.de)
  • The gallbladder, a small hollow pouch that sits just under the right lobe of liver, stores and concentrates the bile produced by the liver, which is later excreted to the duodenum to help with digestion. (wikipedia.org)
  • To understand the role of the individual cell populations in the liver during the hepatic response to acute brain injury, we selectively depleted Kupffer cells (KC), using clodronate-filled liposomes, and assessed the inflammatory response following a microinjection of IL-1beta into the rat brain or after a compression injury in the spinal cord. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
  • We conclude that it is unlikely that circulating desialylated cells bind to the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the liver unless a breach in the continuity of sinusoidal lining cells exists. (nih.gov)
  • Small, spiky platelets and larger red blood cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • Scientists found that in the livers of mice, platelets collaborated with specialized white blood cells to capture and engulf blood-borne bacteria, and this interaction helped protect the animals from bacterial infection. (the-scientist.com)
  • Though previous research had demonstrated that bacteria can activate platelets, "this work emphasizes that platelets play a day-to-day role in innate immune defense by helping remove bacteria in the liver. (the-scientist.com)
  • The notion that platelets may cooperate with other cells to clear blood-borne bacteria came from observations in the liver, said study lead Paul Kubes , an immunologist at the University of Calgary. (the-scientist.com)
  • While performing microscopy of specialized liver phagocytes called Kupffer cells, Kubes' team noticed an unusual interaction between the phagocytes and platelets. (the-scientist.com)
  • Using intravital microscopy, the scientists saw that in uninfected mice, platelets performed what they termed a "touch and go" maneuver-interacting briefly with the Kupffer cells, but quickly disengaging and flowing away in the blood. (the-scientist.com)
  • But when mice were infected with certain types of bacteria-either Bacillus cereus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), though not methicillin-susceptible S. aureus -the platelets formed long-term interactions with the Kupffer cells, engulfing the bacteria snagged from the blood. (the-scientist.com)
  • Unlike wild type mice, mice lacking GpIb also couldn't clear bacteria from their blood within 4 hours, suggesting that the platelets' ability to interact with Kupffer cells was integral to fighting bacterial infection. (the-scientist.com)
  • However, he cautioned that it's too soon to know whether platelets and Kupffer cells collaborate similarly in humans. (the-scientist.com)
  • An immune-centric view assumes that a particular priming of phagocytes then causes a particular type of pathology in target tissues, conceptually similar to antigen-specific T-cell priming. (hindawi.com)
  • Liver Kupffer cells control the magnitude of the inflammatory response in the injured brain and spinal cord. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While inflammatory injury drives both fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, the tolerogenic microenvironment of the liver conveys immunosuppressive effects that encourage tumor growth. (mdpi.com)
  • Involved inflammatory cells produce cytokines and chemokines, and generate ROS, further contributing to graft dysfunction. (jci.org)
  • A significant number of illnesses of individuals with alcoholic liver diseases can be explained readily by a high level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines[ 1 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Vitamin D 3 and DHA exerted a consistent, dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect, and increased PPARα relative to Srebp-1c in both cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • The liver is connected to two large blood vessels: the hepatic artery and the portal vein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kupffer cells sit in liver blood vessels, helping to capture and kill bacteria streaming past in the blood. (the-scientist.com)
  • In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • In African iron overload, excess iron typically accumulates primarily in certain immune cells called reticuloendothelial cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Iron overload in immune cells may affect their ability to fight infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Low grade endotoxemia is a feature of obesity which is linked to development of steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Materials and methods- Needle liver biopsies from 86 patients with chronic hepatitis C and from 32 patients with alcoholic liver disease (disease controls) were analysed by stereological and morphometric analyses using the Prodit 5.2 system. (bmj.com)
  • Figure 2: The effect of chronic JD5037 treatment on beta cell survival and function in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • The concept that disease rooted principally in chronic aberrant constitutive and reactive activation of mast cells (MCs), without the gross MC neoplasia in mastocytosis, first emerged in the 1980s, but only in the last decade has recognition of "mast cell activation syndrome" (MCAS) grown significantly. (degruyter.com)
  • Chronic alcohol use impairs not only gut and liver functions, but also multi-organ interactions, leading to persistent systemic inflammation and ultimately, to organ damage. (wjgnet.com)
  • After a single injection of oMWCNTs, the highest distribution was found in the lungs, with lower uptake in the liver/spleen. (springer.com)
  • As for NDs injected alone, high distribution in the liver, spleen, and lungs was observed right after. (springer.com)
  • However, uptake in the lungs was decreased obviously after 24 h, while high accumulation in the liver or spleen continued. (springer.com)
  • possibly because the iron that accumulates in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen is less available for production of red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ferroportin also transports iron out of reticuloendothelial cells in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As in many of the lysosomal storage diseases, the functional deficiency of lysosomal enzymes results in abnormal cell architecture. (medscape.com)
  • The most common histologic abnormality was lamina propria hemorrhage (all cases) with many cases also showing lamina propria fibrin deposition with red cell sludging and nuclear debris (7 cases). (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)
  • Our results argue in favor of dietary supplementation of Vitamin D 3 or DHA (and avoidance of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids) to alleviate development of fatty liver disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Notably, this study identified a potential biomarker for liver transplant donor graft quality. (jci.org)
  • To improve the quality of liver grafts from extended-criteria donors donated after circulatory death (DCD), this study explored whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have protective effects on DCD donor livers and the effects of ferroptosis in this procedure. (medscimonit.com)
  • Twenty-four male rat DCD donor livers were randomly and averagely divided into normal, static cold storage (SCS), NMP, and NMP combined with BMMSCs groups. (medscimonit.com)
  • Liver function, bile secretion, and pathological features of DCD donor livers were detected to evaluate the protective effects of NMP and BMMSCs on DCD donor livers. (medscimonit.com)
  • BMMSCs also significantly improved the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II in both DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injured IAR-20 cells, including upregulating the expression of ferritin. (medscimonit.com)
  • In this review we propose a model that demonstrates the role of Kupffer cells in the pathogenesis of liver disease. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • I-cell disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder. (medscape.com)
  • thus, the disease was designated I-cell disease. (medscape.com)
  • Profile view of 3-year-old with I-cell disease. (medscape.com)
  • Early enzymologic studies showed that cultured fibroblasts from patients with I-cell disease were deficient in numerous lysosomal enzymes. (medscape.com)
  • I-cell disease fibroblasts were subsequently discovered to be able to internalize and use lysosomal enzymes produced by normal cells, whereas normal or other lysosomal disease fibroblasts were incapable of internalizing lysosomal enzymes secreted by the I-cell disease fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • The biochemical defect in I-cell disease involves the first step in the addition of the mannose-6-phosphate moiety. (medscape.com)
  • In I-cell disease, the characteristic finding is abnormal vacuolization or inclusions that appear in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • I-cell disease is a rare disorder that has no ethnic predilection. (medscape.com)
  • A report suggests that there is accumulation of inclusion bodies in B-cells of individuals with I-cell disease, which may imply impairment of the immune system. (medscape.com)
  • The role of Kupffer cell oxidant production in early ethanol-induced liver disease. (nih.gov)
  • These cells destroy disease-causing viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms that might enter the liver through the gut. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A classification that sufficiently covers their phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity during homeostasis and disease does not yet exist because cell culture-based phenotypes often do not match those found in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • Other individuals have a multitude of the most severe symptoms of end-stage liver disease and a limited chance for survival. (medscape.com)
  • See also the 2019 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease's practice guidelines for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease . (merckmanuals.com)
  • There appears to be a threshold effect above which the amount and duration of alcohol use increases the risk of the development of liver disease. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Binge drinking may also increase alcohol-related liver disease. (merckmanuals.com)
  • I-cell disease has no racial predilection. (medscape.com)
  • I-cell disease is inherited as an autosomal-recessive trait. (medscape.com)
  • Developmental delay and growth failure are common presentations of I-cell disease. (medscape.com)
  • In multivariate analysis, a poorer 3 year survival was associated with acute kidney injury at diagnosis (p = 0.0001), impaired renal function (p = 0.04), early onset (p = 0.02), T cell disease (p = 0.02) and previous treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (p = 0.04). (bvsalud.org)
  • The cell fragments play a role in the body's first line of defense against bacterial infection, helping white blood cells grab blood-borne bacteria in the liver. (the-scientist.com)
  • Additionally, Zimmerman noted that the work will need to be extended to more types of bacteria, as the research focused on two gram-positive species, but many types seen by the liver will be gut-associated gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli . (the-scientist.com)
  • A human liver normally weighs approximately 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds) and has a width of about 15 centimetres (6 inches). (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors went on to correlate CEACAM1 levels with postreperfusion damage in human liver transplant recipients. (jci.org)
  • Cell metabolism 33 (6), 1155-1170. (google.es)
  • The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of the Centella asiatica extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A study conducted in rats found that the administration of Centella asiatica leaf powder prevented mortality rate due to gross protein deficiency, increased blood protein nitrogen and prevented fatty infiltration of liver [ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It was observed that in male Wistar rats, the administration of asiaticoside derivatives of Centella asiatica caused the restoration of 40% of the damaged liver cells to normal state [ 4 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The present study reports the protective effects of a water-dispersable extract of Centella asiatica leaves in CCl 4 -induced liver injury in rats. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Microparticles are plasma membrane vesicle fragments (between 0.1 and 1 μm in size) released from various cell types during activation by agonists or physical or chemical stress, including apoptosis [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • It has been postulated that the selective accumulation of circulating desialylated cells in the mammalian liver results from the binding of desialylated glycoproteins on surfaces of the cells to asialoglycoprotein receptors in the liver. (nih.gov)
  • The authors found that liver grafts with absent carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) exhibited increased ischemia-reperfusion injury inflammation and decreased function in wild-type recipients. (jci.org)
  • The liver is also an accessory digestive organ that produces bile, an alkaline fluid containing cholesterol and bile acids, which emulsifies and aids the breakdown of dietary fat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bile is essential for vitamin K absorption and forms in the liver. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The liver must produce enough bile to make clotting factors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These studies have led to several findings, for example that certain cytokines are generated by beta cells themselves, sometimes under stress, and also that there are probably key factors that render beta cells susceptible to immune attacks. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • Livers treated with NMP combined with BMMSCs showed better liver function, relieved histopathological damage, reduced oxidative stress injury and ferroptosis, and the mechanism of reduction was associated with downregulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free Fe²⁺ levels. (medscimonit.com)
  • Histopathological studies of liver were also carried out to confirm the biochemical changes. (ijpsonline.com)
  • GSK690693 Overall liver lipid peroxidation was assessed by a thiobarbituric acid reactive substrate (TBARS) assay as explained by Ohkawa et al. (eprf.ca)
  • The roles of the liver include detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of chemicals that help digest food. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cell-bound or soluble protein A produced by Staphylococcus aureus [ 1728 ] attaches to the Fc region of IgG and blocks the cytophilic (cell-binding) domain of the antibody. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Cellular distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in rat liver. (nih.gov)
  • These well-regulated processes to transfer information between cells occur through direct cell-cell contact, various soluble bioactive factors and through cellular microparticles [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • All vertebrates, from fish to humans, have the ability to regrow the liver . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Humans cannot increase the excretion of iron, although some iron is lost through bleeding or when cells of the intestine (enterocytes) are shed at the end of the cells' lifespan. (medlineplus.gov)
  • qRT-PCR analysis of hepatic chemokine mRNA expression showed that chemokine expression in the liver after brain injury is not restricted to a single cell population. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These reports suggest that, occasionally, even normal doses (200-300 mg/d standardized to contain 70% kavalactones) of kava can cause severe liver injury[ 9 - 13 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Centella asiatica extract exhibited hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The liver or bone marrow stores iron released from hemoglobin, which makes the next generation of blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These are observed in cells of mesenchymal origin, especially fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • Other sites of abnormal cell vacuolization include the renal glomerular podocytes and in the fibroblasts of the liver's periportal spaces. (medscape.com)
  • Endocannabinoids contribute to insulin resistance through activation of peripheral CB 1 receptors (CB 1 Rs) and also promote beta cell failure. (nature.com)
  • Once physical contact with a phagocyte has occurred, particle binding to specific cell surface receptors is the first step in the phagocytosis of a medical nanorobot. (nanomedicine.com)
  • But this internalization does not diminish the number of receptors on the cell surface and has no effect on receptor-mediated uptake [ 3354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Ongoing and future applications include 100-port valves and systems for optimizing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells, a 10,000 channel yeast MicroChemostat, and a MicroDialysis imager, all with direct injection into a mass spectrometer. (selectbiosciences.com)