• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in hepatocytes, in contrast to most other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • The endothelial cells have no basement membrane and are separated from the hepatocytes by the space of Disse, which drains lymph into the portal tract lymphatics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary hepatocytes are commonly used in cell biological and biopharmaceutical research. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first recognizable histologic changes are characterized by widening of the subendothelial zone, red cell extravasation, fibrin deposition, and expression of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor within venule walls, followed by necrosis of the perivenular hepatocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Although Kupffer cells are considered the primary cells to respond to pathogen associated molecular patterns in the liver, recent studies provide evidence of TLR signaling in hepatic nonimmune cell populations, including hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. (nih.gov)
  • Kupffer and endothelial) cells contained approximately 80% of the total organ cellular dose, and this was equivalently distributed between the two cell types, while the remaining 20% was associated with hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Doses at or above 25 mg/kg appeared to saturate nonparenchymal cell types, whereas hepatocytes continued to accumulate drug in all cellular compartments, including the nucleus. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Stellate cells, hepatocytes and endothelial cells imprint the Kupffer cell identity on monocytes colonizing the liver macrophage niche. (ugent.be)
  • InSphero's proprietary production technology utilizes primary hepatocytes from multiple human donors in co-culture with Kupffer cells and liver endothelial cells to produce 3D liver models with highly standardized drug response from batch to batch that capture inflammation-related toxic effects standard, hepatocyte-only spheroids miss. (insphero.com)
  • More extensive hemorrhage is observed in the subcutaneous tissue, kidneys, lungs, heart, and histopathological visualization of liver necrosis with intranuclear basophilic or amphophilic body inclusions in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells or endothelial cells. (ufrgs.br)
  • Current 2D in vitro assays based on cell lines such as HepG2 that have reduced metabolic capacities compared to primary hepatocytes ex vivo, and the use of primary human hepatocytes suffers from high donor-to-donor variation and only retain in vivo characteristics for a short time ex vivo. (edu.au)
  • We established a 3D liver organoid cell culture model from primary mouse tissue and characterised the capacity of these organoids to model liver characteristics in vitro and used this model to define the interactions between organoid hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in a co-culture trans-well system. (edu.au)
  • Therefore, for advancing further concepts in cell engraftment we studied vascular and related events in the liver after transplanting syngeneic hepatocytes into dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, incubation of hepatocytes with bosentan protected cells from cytokine toxicity in vitro and produced superior cell engraftment and proliferation in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Targeted delivery of oligonucleotides or small molecular drugs to hepatocytes, the liver's parenchymal cells, is challenging without targeting moiety due to the highly efficient mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) of the liver. (leibniz-ipht.de)
  • The results for this model system reveal that polyplex micelles with higher CCR, i.e., better PEG coverage, exclusively accumulate and thus allow passive cell-type-specific targeting towards hepatocytes, overcoming the macrophage-rich reticuloendothelial barrier of the liver. (leibniz-ipht.de)
  • The primary injury in veno-occlusive disease is most likely a lesion of the sinusoidal endothelial cells of hepatic venules. (medscape.com)
  • Late histological findings include deposits of extracellular matrix, an increased number of stellate cells, and subsequent sinusoidal fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • The detritus, which consist of endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and stellate cells, embolize and obstruct downstream sinusoidal flow, characteristically affecting the centrilobular zone 3. (medscape.com)
  • Veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a rare but significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that is associated with high posttransplantation morbidity and mortality rates. (medscape.com)
  • Isolated sinusoidal endothelial cells from the rat liver displayed saturable, high affinity binding of AcAc LDL (Kd = 2.5 X 10(-9) M at 4 degrees C), and were shown to degrade AcAc LDL 10 times more effectively than aortic endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • These data indicate that specific sinusoidal endothelial cells, not the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, are primarily responsible for the removal of these modified lipoproteins from the circulation in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Since circulating cells in the liver are in contact predominantly with sinusoidal lining cells (Kupffer cells and endothelial cells), this postulate requires the presence of asialoglycoprotein receptors on the luminal surface of the sinusoidal lining cells. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that it is unlikely that circulating desialylated cells bind to the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the liver unless a breach in the continuity of sinusoidal lining cells exists. (nih.gov)
  • These include up-regulation of adhesion molecules on hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Hepatic hypoperfusion and microcirculation disturbances lead to contracted sinusoids, swollen sinusoidal endothelial cells and activated Kupffer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The MPS comprises Kupffer cells and specialized sinusoidal endothelial cells, efficiently clearing nanocarriers regardless of their size and surface properties. (leibniz-ipht.de)
  • After a comprehensive review of all the current in vitro models of the liver we hypothesised that a liver organoid cell culture model co-cultured with myofibroblast like hepatic stellate cells can model liver injury. (edu.au)
  • Hepatic stellate cell dependent decreases in organoid viability and organoid dependent increases in hepatic stellate cell viability were observed, as well as Halofuginone dependent decreases in hepatic stellate cell viability were also observed. (edu.au)
  • Markers characteristic of liver injury and fibrosis, such as Actn1 and Lamb3 were upregulated in hepatic stellate cells, although collagen expression was downregulated in these cells. (edu.au)
  • Transcriptional profiling revealed a tumour necrosis factor-α mediated apoptotic response in organoids and an inflammatory response in both the organoids and hepatic stellate cells. (edu.au)
  • This was due to hepatic ischemia, endothelial injury, and activation of neutrophils, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Along with lysosomal cathepsin release, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis, it leads to further inflammation, and stimulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and activation of hepatic stellate cells with collagen deposition within the hepatic sinusoids become apparent. (medscape.com)
  • Functional studies revealed increased expression of ICAM-1 on induced patient-derived endothelial cells (iECs) and of β2-integrins on patient neutrophils that increase neutrophil adhesion and vascular transendothelial migration (TEM). (nature.com)
  • We characterize the role of increased Lyn kinase activity in neutrophils, endothelial cells and lesional liver biopsies and utilized an iPSC-derived endothelial cell platform for disease modeling of neutrophilic vasculitis and to screen and evaluate drug efficacy. (nature.com)
  • LM, SEM, and TEM examinations indicated kavain-treated rat livers ( n = 4) displayed severe vascular and endothelial damage compared to control livers ( n = 4). (wjgnet.com)
  • We treated rats with vascular drugs to define whether deleterious cell transplantation-induced events could be controlled followed by improvements in transplanted cell engraftment and proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Vascular drugs, such as nitroglycerine, prostacyclin, and bosentan, offer opportunities for improving cell therapy results through superior cell engraftment and liver repopulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells are involved in: Protein synthesis Protein storage Transformation of carbohydrates Synthesis of cholesterol, bile salts and phospholipids Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances Initiation of formation and secretion of bile The typical hepatocyte is cubical with sides of 20-30 μm, (in comparison, a human hair has a diameter of 17 to 180 μm). (wikipedia.org)
  • The hepatocyte plates are one cell thick in mammals and two cells thick in the chicken. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hepatocyte is a cell in the body that manufactures serum albumin, fibrinogen, and the prothrombin group of clotting factors (except for Factors 3 and 4). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce an oxidative stress model of hepatocyte IAR-20 cells to evaluate the protective effects of BMMSCs in vitro. (medscimonit.com)
  • Ig extracted from SAH livers, but not patient serum exhibited hepatocyte killing efficacy in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dexamethasone inhibits phagocytosis by human trabecular meshwork (eye) cells in vitro, with polystyrene particle uptake reduced from 3.5 beads/cell to 1.5 beads/cell, a 57% reduction [ 3364 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mechanistically, the importance and meaning of these observations needs to be addressed in a suitable and easily manipulable in vitro system consisting of human islets and immune cells. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • Liver organoids have demonstrated many advantages over conventional in vitro models such as long-term genetic stability, 2D in vivo-like organisation, and maintaining the necessary cellular cross talk and behavioural characteristics of their primary corresponding cells. (edu.au)
  • The recent development of stem cell research and the possibility of generating cells that can be stably and permanently modified in their genome open a broad horizon in the world of in vitro modeling. (wjgnet.com)
  • In addition to the new in vitro systems, in recent years there were also significant advances in the development of new animal models that allows studying the entire cell cycle of human malaria. (wjgnet.com)
  • Thanks to recent progresses, stem cells have been extensively employed to study Plasmodium liver and blood cycle in vitro . (wjgnet.com)
  • Our in vitro studies using HepG2 cells revealed an increased phosphorylation of key inflammatory proteins of the NF-κB pathway in individuals with the R59W variant as compared to those with the wild type, and TNFα stimulation further elevated it. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, while the phagocytosis of inert latex particles by human blood monocytes is not affected by the presence of ethanol [ 3362 ], the phagocytosis of opsonized red cells by Kupffer cells is slightly impaired by ethanol [ 3363 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Bone marrow-derived monocytes give rise to self-renewing and fully differentiated Kupffer cells. (ugent.be)
  • The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • To test this, metabolic stress was induced in THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes by treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), palmitic acid (PA), or oleic acid (OA), in the presence or absence of the ER stressor thapsigargin (TG). (bvsalud.org)
  • Doxorubicin-induced hepatic endothelial damage enhanced cell engraftment, which should be useful in cell therapy strategies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Unsupervised High-Dimensional Analysis Aligns Dendritic Cells across Tissues and Species. (ugent.be)
  • Transplanted cells were identified by DPPIV histochemistry and cell engraftment and proliferation were analyzed morphometrically. (elsevierpure.com)
  • But this internalization does not diminish the number of receptors on the cell surface and has no effect on receptor-mediated uptake [ 3354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Uptake of chemically modified low density lipoproteins in vivo is mediated by specific endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • Uptake of AcAc LDL by endothelial cells of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. (rupress.org)
  • Perturbations in specific liver cell compartments benefit transplanted cell engraftment and/or proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rats were pretreated with doxorubicin, irinotecan, or vincristine prior to cell transplantation and synergistic liver perturbations were induced by drug administration followed by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride treatments. (elsevierpure.com)
  • After cell transplantation in hepatic sinusoids, perturbations in hepatic microcirculation along with changes in various liver cell types are among the earliest changes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
  • This image shows steatohepatitis with steatosis and predominantly macrovesicular and inflammatory foci, composed predominantly of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells in the hepatic lobules (hematoxylin-eosin stain, 200× magnification). (medscape.com)
  • Sinusoids display a discontinuous, fenestrated endothelial cell lining. (wikipedia.org)
  • pathomechanisms that regulate extravasation of damaging immune cells into surrounding tissues are poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Of greatest interest is the~300 amino acid receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S1 subunit of the spike protein because of its key interaction with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor present on many cell types, especially lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • A histological examination of tissue sections, undertaken after the administration of AcAc LDL or Ac LDL (labeled with either 125I or a fluorescent probe) to rats, dogs, or guinea pigs, was used to identify the specific cells binding and internalizing these lipoproteins in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Cell engraftment was improved in rats treated with doxorubicin but not with irinotecan or vincristine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Treatment of rats before cell transplantation with the angiotensin converting enzyme blocker, lisinopril, or angiotensin II receptor blocker, losartan, did not improve cell engraftment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These drugs lowered hepatic ischemia and inflammation, whereas pretreatment of rats with the dual endothelin-1 receptor blocker, bosentan, improved cell engraftment independently of hepatic ischemia or inflammation, without improving liver repopulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hyaluronic acid 35 normalizes TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats via regulation of microRNA291b and its target Tollip. (ucdenver.edu)
  • The most consistent alterations in the canine cerebral Babesiosis were hypertrophy of the endothelial cells, monocytic leukostasis, non-supurative meningitis, in addition to congestion, thrombosis, hemorrhage, vasculitis and perivascular cuffs. (ufrgs.br)
  • Kupffer Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • This review highlights advances in TLR signaling in the liver, the role of TLRs in the individual hepatic cell populations, and the implication of TLR signaling in acute and chronic liver diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest that although pharmacokinetic parameters vary as a function of hepatic cell type, significant intracellular delivery can be readily achieved in the liver after systemic administration. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To unravel the role of MΦs and DCs in the regulation of immune responses in vivo we have constructed novel DTR- or CRE- expressing knock-in mice that allow to deplete a particular MΦ or DC subset specifically in vivo or to knock-down genes of interests specifically within these cells. (ugent.be)
  • Construction of dendritic cell- and macrophage-specific knock-in mice for the study of the functional specialization of these cells in vivo . (ugent.be)
  • An organoid cell culture is defined as a collection of cells culturing several cell types that develop from stem cells or organ progenitors and self-organise through cell sorting and spatially restricted lineage commitment, similar to organogenesis in vivo. (edu.au)
  • Cell-bound or soluble protein A produced by Staphylococcus aureus [ 1728 ] attaches to the Fc region of IgG and blocks the cytophilic (cell-binding) domain of the antibody. (nanomedicine.com)
  • Recently, however they showed that secreted (soluble) CEA can directly activate endothelial cells integrin 3 signaling[24,47]. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Iron-containing particles have been proposed as a mechanism of introducing unregulated iron into cells, and soluble iron has been shown to induce the expression ofTNF-a in Kupffer cells, which was preceded by an increase in hydroxyl radicals. (cdc.gov)
  • The study would benefit from a broader analysis of gut microbiota proteome and further characterization of B cells infiltrating the liver tissue including their numbers/field and their origin (infiltrating versus resident cells). (elifesciences.org)
  • BMMSCs showed significant protective effects on the ultrastructure of DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injury to IAR-20 cells under electron microscopy. (medscimonit.com)
  • The advantages of 3D models include replicating the complex attributes of the liver beyond liver specific metabolism, such as increased cell density, organisation, and cell-cell signalling, O2 zonation, as well as the anatomy of the liver lobule and the circulatory system. (edu.au)
  • Endogenous TLR ligands such as the products from dying cells may also engage with TLRs as damage-associated molecular patterns. (nih.gov)
  • TARGETING CEA/CEAR Relationships AS A MEANS OF INHIBITING CYTOKINE PRODUCTION Rabbit Polyclonal to FOXE3 AS AN ANTI-METASTATIC THERAPY IN COLORECTAL Malignancy Because transformed cells home into tissues Oxi 4503 from your circulation in a highly selective way through complex molecular mechanisms, it provides a template for targeted therapy. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Laboratory analysis of biopsied samples showed immunostaining and molecular evidence of BK virus DNA in the cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
  • To improve the quality of liver grafts from extended-criteria donors donated after circulatory death (DCD), this study explored whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have protective effects on DCD donor livers and the effects of ferroptosis in this procedure. (medscimonit.com)
  • BMMSCs also significantly improved the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II in both DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injured IAR-20 cells, including upregulating the expression of ferritin. (medscimonit.com)
  • Isolated cells were further fractionated into nuclear, cytosolic and membrane constituents to assess the intracellular localization, distribution and metabolic profiles as a function of time and dose. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Nonparenchymal cells contained abundant nuclear, cytosolic and membrane drug levels over a wide dose range. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
  • As mammalian liver cells age, damages in their DNA increase in prevalence. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been postulated that the selective accumulation of circulating desialylated cells in the mammalian liver results from the binding of desialylated glycoproteins on surfaces of the cells to asialoglycoprotein receptors in the liver. (nih.gov)
  • Along with graft versus host disease (GVHD) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection , hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is one of the most frequently encountered serious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (medscape.com)
  • We analyzed whether cytotoxic drugs interfering with the integrity of genomic DNA or cell division could be useful for liver cell transplantation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusion: Cell transplantation-induced changes in hepatic microcirculation contributed to transplanted cell clearances from liver. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We applied NicheNet to tumor and immune cell microenvironment data and demonstrate that NicheNet can infer active ligands and their gene regulatory effects on interacting cells. (nature.com)
  • The mechanisms of liver cirrhosis are complex, involving different cells, signaling pathways, and the liver microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. (lookformedical.com)
  • This suggested that these relationships may play a role in tumor cell behavior and in the development of metastases. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Once physical contact with a phagocyte has occurred, particle binding to specific cell surface receptors is the first step in the phagocytosis of a medical nanorobot. (nanomedicine.com)
  • They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. (lookformedical.com)
  • The histopathology was consistent with spontaneous splenic rupture, and showed the characteristic hemozoin pigment in the Kupffer cells. (ispub.com)
  • Fig. 3: Histopathology showing characteristic malarial pigment in Kupffer cells. (ispub.com)
  • The absence of signal in LCA treated 'Mock' cells (which contains the CRE-Luc reporter vector, but do not express TGR5) confirms that the agonist-dependent response observed in the TGR5 Reporter Cells is specific to TGR5. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • Ongoing and future applications include 100-port valves and systems for optimizing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells, a 10,000 channel yeast MicroChemostat, and a MicroDialysis imager, all with direct injection into a mass spectrometer. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • InSphero is the pioneer of industrial-grade, 3D-cell-based assay solutions and scaffold-free 3D organ-on-a-chip technology. (insphero.com)
  • Organ-on-chips are miniaturized devices that arrange living cells to simulate functional subunits of tissues and organs. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • This would play an important part in metastases formation to a distant organ as unattached tumor cells in the blood circulation would be more susceptible to anoikis. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Together with InSphero's expert application support and customer service, these assay-ready models offer a unique turnkey solution for organizations ready to upgrade to 3D cell-based assays. (insphero.com)
  • This is an all-inclusive cell-based luciferase reporter assay kit targeting the Human G Protein Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (GPBAR1), also commonly referred to as the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). (indigobiosciences.com)
  • INDIGO's TGR5 reporter assay utilizes proprietary mammalian cells that have been engineered to provide constitutive expression of TGR5. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • In addition to TGR5 Reporter Cells, this kit provides two optimized media for use during cell culture and in diluting the user's test samples, a reference activator, Luciferase Detection Reagent, and a cell culture-ready assay plate. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • Whether the receptor is present on these cells, however, remains controversial. (nih.gov)
  • To clarify this issue, we used an indirect immunoelectron microscopic method to determine the distribution of the receptor on the surfaces of hepatic cells accessible to the circulation. (nih.gov)
  • TGR5 was characterized in 2002 as the first cell surface receptor for bile acids. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • Histopathology and localization of SARS-CoV-2 and its host cell entry receptor ACE2 in tissues from naturally infected US-farmed mink (Neovison vison). (cdc.gov)
  • CEA AND ANOIKIS Another important function that has been attributed to CEA manifestation is definitely inhibition of apoptosis in particular the apoptosis caused by absence of attachment of cells to a substratum (anoikis)[23,40]. (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Production of both IL-6 and IL-10 by CEA stimulated Kupffer cells enhances the survival of highly metastatic human being colorectal malignancy cells in the nude mouse intra-splenic injection model for liver metastasis[43] (observe Figure ?Number11). (campaignfornonviolentschools.org)
  • Kupffer Cell p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Drives Postburn Hepatic Damage and Pulmonary Inflammation When Alcohol Intoxication Precedes Burn Injury. (ucdenver.edu)
  • While NETs are important in the removal of pathogens, NETs will sometimes also damage adjacent cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • To optimize strategies for liver-directed cell therapy, prevention of initial transplanted cell losses is particularly important for subsequent liver repopulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By contrast, direct-acting nitroglycerine or prostacyclin improved cell engraftment and also kinetics of liver repopulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tanay, A. & Regev, A. Scaling single-cell genomics from phenomenology to mechanism. (nature.com)
  • Computational methods that model how gene expression of a cell is influenced by interacting cells are lacking. (nature.com)
  • We present NicheNet ( https://github.com/saeyslab/nichenetr ), a method that predicts ligand-target links between interacting cells by combining their expression data with prior knowledge on signaling and gene regulatory networks. (nature.com)
  • ligand-to-target signaling path visualization and assessment of how well prioritized ligands explain changes in gene expression in the receiver cell. (nature.com)
  • Thus, quantifying changes in luciferase expression in the treated reporter cells provides a sensitive surrogate measure of the changes in human TGR5 activity. (indigobiosciences.com)