Known ligases. Medical search. Frequent questions

In general, a ligase catalyzes the following dehydration reaction, thus joining molecules A and B: A-OH + B-H → A-B + H2O The naming of ligases is inconsistent and so these enzymes are commonly known by several different names. (wikipedia.org)
Ligases are classified as EC 6 in the EC number classification of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the E3 ubiquitin ligase XBAT35.2 and the deubiquitinating enzymes UBP12 and UBP13 act as accelerators and brakes that balance VPS23A ubiquitination homeostasis at different environments . (phys.org)
Considering the diversity of microtubule polyglutamylation and the existence of many non-tubulin substrates, it is important to understand how the effector enzymes, the tubulin ligase-like (TTLL) proteins, are regulated. (wjgnet.com)
With three important enzymes, E1 activating enzyme, E2 conjugating enzyme, and E3 ligase, SUMOylation is mechanistically very similar to ubiquitination. (ku.edu)
Further, to understand the role of SUMOylation more clearly in human cells we have targeted one of the important SUMOylation enzymes PIASy SUMO E3 ligase. (ku.edu)
DNA ligase belongs to the nucleotide transferase superfamily, including RNA ligases and mRNA capping enzymes. (microbenotes.com)

This gene encodes a member of a family of E3 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases that mediates the attachment of a SUMO protein to proteins involved in nuclear transport, transcription, chromosome segregation and DNA repair. (nih.gov)
The high sequence conservation of HSPC117/RtcB proteins is suggestive of RNA ligase roles of this protein family in various organisms. (nih.gov)
A transmembrane ubiquitin ligase required to sort membrane proteins into multivesicular bodies. (wikigenes.org)
Bsd2 binds the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 and mediates the ubiquitination of transmembrane proteins. (wikigenes.org)
The ubiquitin ligase E6-AP (E6-associated protein) represents a prime example for the notion that deregulated modification of proteins with ubiquitin contributes to the development of human disease: loss of E6-AP function by mutation is responsible for the development of AS (Angelman syndrome), a neurological disorder, and unscheduled activation of E6-AP by complex formation with the E6 oncoprotein of HPVs (human papillomaviruses) contributes to cervical carcinogenesis. (portlandpress.com)
Nedd4-2 is an ubiquitin ligase that catalyses the ubiquitination of proteins, resulting in proteasomal degradation. (portlandpress.com)

In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond. (wikipedia.org)
Generally, the common names of ligases include the word "ligase", such as in DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratories to join together DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
There are also some ligases that use the name "carboxylase" to indicate that the enzyme specifically catalyzes a carboxylation reaction. (wikipedia.org)
The SUCLA2 and SUCLG1 genes each provide instructions for making one part (subunit) of an enzyme called succinate-CoA ligase. (medlineplus.gov)
We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)
5X enzyme concentration over standard T4 DNA Ligase, good for increasing reaction rates or for bulk users. (neb.com)
The enzyme is produced by a recombinant E. coli strain carrying the T4 RNA Ligase gene from bacteriophage T4. (qiagen.com)
One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme required to ligate 50% of 0.4 μg of an equimolar mix of two single-stranded 23 base RNA oligonucleotides (one 5′-phosphorylated) in 20 μL 1X T4 RNA Ligase Buffer following a 30-minute incubation at 37°C. (qiagen.com)
Dilutions of the enzyme were made in 1X T4 RNA Ligase reaction buffer and added to 20 µL reactions containing 0.4 µg of an equimolar mix of two single-stranded 23 base RNA oligonucleotides (one 5′-phosphorylated) and 1X T4 RNA Ligase Buffer. (qiagen.com)
We have cloned previously the human long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 (FACL4), which is a central enzyme in controlling the free arachidonic acid level in cells and thereby regulating eicosanoid production. (nih.gov)
DNA ligase (polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase) is the enzyme that joins two DNA fragments by catalysing the formation of an internucleotide ester bond between phosphate and deoxyribose. (embl.de)
DNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ligation reaction, ligation is the process of joining various types of DNA fragments. (microbenotes.com)
The enzyme DNA ligases were firstly isolated from E. coli in 1967, and several DNA ligases were discovered in 1967and 1968. (microbenotes.com)
DNA ligases are classified into two categories based on source, the enzyme requires either ATP or NAD + as a cofactor. (microbenotes.com)
The enzyme found in Haemophilus influenza consists of 268 amino acids, and larger cellular ligases such as human DNA ligase I consist of 912 amino acids, and IV consist of 844 amino acids. (microbenotes.com)

Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM62 Regulates CARD9-Mediated Anti-fungal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. (broadinstitute.org)
Recently, we reported that the ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH negatively regulates LATS1, thereby increasing YAP activity, which leads to increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)

In vitro selection of ribozyme ligases that use prebiotically plausible 2-aminoimidazole-activated substrates. (harvard.edu)
CHIP is an E3 ligase, recognizing Hsp70-bound substrates via the TPR binding domain and catalyzing their ubiquitination via the U-box domain (hexagon). (elifesciences.org)
Substrates for T4 RNA Ligase I include single-stranded RNA and DNA as well as dinucleoside pyrophosphates. (genomics-online.com)
The degron-binding pockets and specific pocket residues implicated in Ala- tail recognition are conserved among Pirh2 and KLHDC10 homologs, suggesting that an important function of these ligases across eukaryotes is in targeting Ala-tailed substrates . (bvsalud.org)

Melo-Hanchuk TD, Kobarg J. Polyglutamylase activity of tubulin tyrosine ligase-like 4 is negatively regulated by the never in mitosis gene A family kinase never in mitosis gene A -related kinase 5. (wjgnet.com)

Our results suggest that PIASy is an important E3 ligase that mediates mitotic SUMOylation in human cells. (ku.edu)

T4 RNA Ligase catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of single-stranded nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) by joining a 5' phosphoryl-terminated nucleic acid donor to a 3' hydroxyl-terminated nucleic acid acceptor through the formation of a 3'→5' phosphodiester bond (1). (qiagen.com)
A closed, ring-shaped conformation of ligase catalyzes a DNA end-joining reaction that is strongly stimulated by PCNA. (rcsb.org)
Archaeal RNA ligase is a homodimeric protein that catalyzes intramolecular ligation of single-stranded RNA and DNA. (harvard.edu)

DNA ligase IV: homologous recombination repair and important in immune cell development and other activities critical to a normal cell. (microbenotes.com)

Using activity-guided purification of tRNA ligase from HeLa cell extracts, we identified HSPC117, a member of the UPF0027 (RtcB) family, as the essential subunit of a tRNA ligase complex. (nih.gov)

p53 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (Mdm2) is an important negative regulator of p53. (molvis.org)

In human DNA ligase I ( P18858 ), and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) ( P04819 ), this region was necessary for catalysis, and separated from the amino terminus by targeting elements. (embl.de)

For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication. (wikipedia.org)
In a study published in RNA Biology the researchers note this is only the third RNA ligase from a thermophile to be studied, and the others are single-stranded ligases that are inefficient at strand joining. (genomeweb.com)
According to the study, the addition of single-stranded DNA ligase to the reactions increased template-dependent ligation efficiency. (genomeweb.com)

When complexed with heterotrimeric PCNA, the DNA ligase binds to the PCNA3 subunit and ligase retains an open, extended conformation. (rcsb.org)

The Chlamydia trachomatis assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of plasmid DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis. (cdc.gov)
The Neisseria gonorrhoeae assay uses LCR TM (ligase chain reaction) amplification technology in the LCx Probe System for the direct, qualitative detection of a specific target nucleic acid sequence in the Opa gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (cdc.gov)

De plus, une recherche d'homologie de séquence a révélé la présence de ce même motif dans d'autres ubiquitines ligases, dont Parkin. (umontreal.ca)

The size of DNA ligases is different from organism to organism. (microbenotes.com)

We identify the SUMO ligase Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT1 (PIAS1) as a constituent PML-NB protein. (gla.ac.uk)

Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency results from mutations in the SUCLA2 or SUCLG1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in either the SUCLA2 or SUCLG1 gene disrupt the normal function of succinate-CoA ligase. (medlineplus.gov)
Naturally occurring mutations in this gene, that abolish the SUMO ligase activity, are associated with primordial dwarfism and extreme insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Brown University researchers have discovered an RNA ligase that has the ability to function at high temperatures, potentially enabling detection of RNA mutations and improving RNA sequencing. (genomeweb.com)
The ligase was then used to detect Ebola RNA transcripts as well as to detect the presence of point mutations. (genomeweb.com)
We tested four combinations of mutations on the Ebola transcripts, and the ligase demonstrated exceptional specificity in reporting them," Tripathi said, adding that the specificity varied from 10 -2 to 10 -4 . (genomeweb.com)

Here we focus on WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that acts as a positive genetic regulator of human and murine cardiac fibrosis, and show that myeloid specific deletion of WWP2 reduces cardiac fibrosis in hypertension-induced NICM. (nature.com)

Cd did not affect the protein levels of Keap1, which is a repressor of the cytoplasmic Nrf2, or Cul-3, an E3 ligase involved in the proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. (cdc.gov)

Silencing Txnip prompted TLR2-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production whereas the blockage of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase with dorsomorphin effectively reduced such effects. (frontiersin.org)
The E3 ubiquitin ligase XBAT35.2 can ubiquitinate and modify VPS23A to promote its entry into the 26S proteasome for degradation, thereby positively regulating the ABA signaling pathway. (phys.org)
The antiviral mechanisms of PIAS1 are counteracted by ICP0, the HSV-1 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, which disrupts the recruitment of PIAS1 to nuclear domains that contain infecting HSV-1 genomes through mechanisms that do not directly result in PIAS1 degradation. (gla.ac.uk)

DNA ligase III: It is the only mammalian ligase that is found in mitochondria. (microbenotes.com)

Most eukaryotic DNA ligases use ATP as a cofactor, including bacteriophage, archaeal, and eubacteria DNA ligases. (microbenotes.com)
It is the most widely used DNA ligase derived from the T7 bacteriophage. (microbenotes.com)

Salt-T4 DNA Ligase is insensitive to salt carried over from other reaction components (vector or insert DNA) and allows ligation reactions to proceed in alternative reaction buffers with higher levels of salt (e.g. (neb.com)
Domain la is required for the reaction of ligase with NAD + to form the ligase-AMP intermediate. (microbenotes.com)

Now day purified DNA ligase is isolated in the laboratory, which is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA. (microbenotes.com)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch associated with and promoted conjugation of ubiquitin to the transcription factor TIEG1. (nih.gov)

E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Mdm2 (Double Minute 2 Protein or Hdm2 or Oncoprotein Mdm2 or p53 Binding Protein Mdm2 or MDM2 or EC 6.3.2. (researchandmarkets.com)
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 is a protein encoded by the MDM2 gene. (researchandmarkets.com)
The latest report E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Mdm2 - Pipeline Review, H1 2020, outlays comprehensive information on the E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Mdm2 (Double Minute 2 Protein or Hdm2 or Oncoprotein Mdm2 or p53 Binding Protein Mdm2 or MDM2 or EC 6.3.2. (researchandmarkets.com)
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The report reviews latest news and deals related to E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Mdm2 (Double Minute 2 Protein or Hdm2 or Oncoprotein Mdm2 or p53 Binding Protein Mdm2 or MDM2 or EC 6.3.2. (researchandmarkets.com)
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Eukaryotic, archaebacterial, viral and some eubacterial DNA ligases are ATP-dependent. (embl.de)
Whereas eukaryotic DNA ligases are ATP-dependent bacteria, archaea and virus DNA ligases are both NAD+ and ATP dependent. (microbenotes.com)

There are two forms of DNA ligase, one requires ATP ( EC 6.5.1.1 ), the other NAD ( EC 6.5.1.2 ), the latter being restricted to eubacteria. (embl.de)

Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects the early development of the brain and other body systems. (medlineplus.gov)
Most children with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency also experience a failure to thrive, which means that they gain weight and grow more slowly than expected. (medlineplus.gov)
Succinate-CoA ligase deficiency causes breathing difficulties that often lead to recurrent infections of the respiratory tract. (medlineplus.gov)
These infections can be life-threatening, and most people with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency live only into childhood or adolescence. (medlineplus.gov)
A few individuals with succinate-CoA ligase deficiency have had an even more severe form of the disorder known as fatal infantile lactic acidosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Although the exact prevalence of succinate-CoA ligase deficiency is unknown, it appears to be very rare. (medlineplus.gov)
These problems lead to hypotonia, muscle weakness, and the other characteristic features of succinate-CoA ligase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)

By revealing the structural plasticity of the SCFD3-D14 ubiquitin ligase, our results suggest a mechanism by which the E3 coordinates strigolactone signalling and metabolism. (cam.ac.uk)

This chart will help you understand the differences between them.To select a ligase based upon the type of substrate present, please visit Substrate-based Ligase Selection Chart . (neb.com)
C ) Schematic for engineering an E3 ubiquitin ligase and potential outcomes on an ion channel substrate. (elifesciences.org)
Unexpectedly, in addition to VPS23A, the researchers further found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase XBAT35.2 of VPS23A is also a substrate of UBP12 and UBP13. (phys.org)

Hi-T4 DNA Ligase can withstand temperatures as high as 45°C for extended periods (up to 72 hours) without any significant loss in activity. (neb.com)
Salt-T4 DNA Ligase will join cohesive end termini at salt concentrations as high as 300 mM without any loss in activity. (neb.com)
Effects of Nephrolithiasis on Serum DNase (Deoxyribonuclease I and II) Activity and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) in Malaysian Individuals. (nih.gov)

DNA ligase joins the DNA molecule covalently by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides. (microbenotes.com)

DNA ligase II: purification or excision repair of alternatively spliced form of DNA ligase III found in non-dividing cells. (microbenotes.com)

Spatially regulated ubiquitin ligation by an ER/nuclear membrane ligase. (wikigenes.org)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8 plays critical roles in maintaining genomic stability by promoting the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through ubiquitin signaling. (jci.org)

Loss of the bloom syndrome helicase increases DNA ligase 4-independent genome rearrangements and tumorigenesis in aging Drosophila. (tufts.edu)

The ligase might also be useful for RNA-mediated oligonucleotide annealing, selection, and ligation, or RASL-seq, Tripathi said, particularly because it is thermostable and template dependent. (genomeweb.com)
NAD + dependent ligases have a central ligase catalytic core which is composed of oligonucleotide binding fold domain and nucleotidyltransferase domain. (microbenotes.com)

We have determined structures of Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA ligase and heterotrimeric PCNA separately by X-ray diffraction and in complex by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). (rcsb.org)

DNA ligase plays a vital role in DNA replication , DNA repair, and DNA recombination. (microbenotes.com)

It acts as an ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself and ARRB1. (researchandmarkets.com)

Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling. (cam.ac.uk)

Vertebrate cells encode three well-characterised DNA ligases (DNA ligases I, III and IV), all of which are related in structure and sequence. (embl.de)

Viral ATP-dependent DNA ligases are generally small in size. (microbenotes.com)

The group specifically sought out thermostable RNA ligases that might be efficient in nick joining, so that they could be used in RNA detection and sequencing, Tripathi said. (genomeweb.com)

Guangchao Liu et al, The deubiquitinases UBP12 and UBP13 integrate with the E3 ubiquitin ligase XBAT35.2 to modulate VPS23A stability in ABA signaling, Science Advances (2022). (phys.org)

Many DNA ligases also contain a non-catalytic domain that is conserved, but the function of this domain is unknown. (microbenotes.com)
In ribosome -associated quality control (RQC), nascent polypeptides produced by interrupted translation are modified with C-terminal polyalanine tails ("Ala- tails ") that function outside ribosomes to induce ubiquitylation by E3 ligases Pirh2 (p53-induced RING-H2 domain-containing) or CRL2 ( Cullin -2 RING ligase2)-KLHDC10. (bvsalud.org)

Earlier in XEEs, we found that PIASy is an essentially important E3 ligase for mitotic SUMOylation. (ku.edu)

Anatomy15

Organisms24

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes71

Information Science4

Health Care3

Enzymes7

Proteins6

Enzyme15

Regulates2

Substrates4

Tubulin1

Mediates1

Catalyzes3

Homologous recombination1

TRNA1

Negative regulator of p531

Saccharomyces1

Single-stranded3

Subunit1

CHAIN REACTION2

Parkin1

Organism1

Inhibitor1

Mutations6

Regulator1

Proteasomal degradation1

Degradation3

Mitochondria1

Bacteriophage2

Reaction2

Molecules1

ITCH1

MDM26

Eukaryotic2

Eubacteria1

Deficiency7

Metabolism1

Substrate3

Activity3

Molecule1

Purification1

Nuclear1

Genomic1

Tumorigenesis1

Oligonucleotide2

Complex1

Replication1

Acts1

Structural1

Cells1

Generally1

Sought1

Stability1

Function2

Important1