AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
MelanocytesMelaninsVitiligoMonophenol MonooxygenaseMelanosomesSkin PigmentationMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorMelanomaPigmentationHair ColorNevusalpha-MSHEndothelin-3HypopigmentationSkinIntramolecular OxidoreductasesEpidermisHyperpigmentationPigmentation DisordersMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesAgouti Signaling ProteinUveaReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 1Skin NeoplasmsNeural CrestProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitNevus, PigmentedHermanski-Pudlak SyndromeUltraviolet RaysHair FolliclePhenylthioureaSOXE Transcription FactorsKeratinocytesStem Cell Factorgp100 Melanoma AntigenCells, CulturedChromatophoresCatechol OxidasePiebaldismMelanoma, ExperimentalMART-1 AntigenReceptors, MelanocortinCell DifferentiationMelanosisReceptors, CorticotropinAlbinism, OculocutaneousOxidoreductasesMyosin Type VMelanoma-Specific AntigensStem Cells
MelaninAlpha-melanocDestruction of melanocytesMelanosomesEpidermisLineageGenesHormone receptorVitiligoCellsMelanocortin 1 receptTyrosinaseHumansHair follicleDendricityCytokineEpitheliumPeptideMorphologyHumanForeskinStem cellHttpsAbnormalProliferationRegulationVivoMelanotropinMechanismCellularRadiationConcentrationProgressionRole
Melanin15
  • Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tyrosinase is required for melanocytes to produce melanin from the amino acid tyrosine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Confocal micrograph of an isolated melanin-producing cell (a melanocyte) showing the melanosomes (vesicles that hold the melanin granules) in yellow, the actin in red and the microtubules in blue. (ucsd.edu)
  • The melanin gets transferred from the melanocytes to the epidermal cells, giving colour to the skin and hair. (ucsd.edu)
  • For melanocyte ratio and melanin concentration. (peerj.com)
  • found a high correlation between L* value and the product of epidermal melanocyte ratio (R) and melanin content (M) in Asian young adult skins. (peerj.com)
  • Melanocytes manufacture melanin and deposit it in the epidermal cells. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • Skin epidermal melanocytes are known to be particularly … Melanocytes are specialized cells that are responsible for melanin production. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • Melanocytes, derived from neural crest cells, primarily function to produce a pigment, melanin, which absorbs radiant energy from the sun and protects the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. (medscape.com)
  • English word melanocyte comes from English -cyte, English melano- (Melanin. (etymologeek.com)
  • Hair follicles contain several different types of cells, including melanocyte stem cells that generate cells that produce the pigment melanin responsible for hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The study found that aging results in a greater portion of these melanocyte stem cells getting stuck at the site where they produce stem cells, which leaves a smaller portion of stem cells to generate melanin-producing cells, resulting in the graying of hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the other location-called the hair germ area-McSCs can differentiate to form melanocytes that produce melanin pigment for hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Melanoma in situ is when abnormal melanocytes (cells that make melanin, the pigment that gives skin its natural color) are found in the epidermis (outer layer of the skin). (cdc.gov)
  • Most people have similar numbers of melanocytes, and the wide range of color shades of human skin is due to the amount of melanin that is produced rather than the number of melanocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
Alpha-melanoc2
Destruction of melanocytes2
  • These data are consistent with a role of skin-homing autoreactive melanocyte-specific CTLs in causing the destruction of melanocytes seen in autoimmune vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Proposed mechanisms include autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, reduced survival of melanocytes, and primary melanocyte defects. (msdmanuals.com)
Melanosomes2
  • B0003424 Melanocyte showing melanosomes. (ucsd.edu)
  • Lysosomes of leukocytes and fibroblasts, dense bodies of platelets, azurophilic granules of neutrophils, and melanosomes of melanocytes are generally larger in size and irregular in morphology, indicating that a common pathway in the synthesis of organelles responsible for storage is affected in patients with CHS. (medscape.com)
Epidermis3
  • Typically, between 1000 and 2000 melanocytes are found per square millimeter of skin or approximately 5% to 10% of the cells in the basal layer of epidermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The epidermis is derived primarily from surface ectoderm but is colonized by pigment-containing melanocytes of neural crest origin, antigen-processing Langerhans cells of bone marrow origin, and pressure-sensing Merkel cells of neural crest origin. (medscape.com)
  • Melanocytes are found in the basal layer of the epidermis as well as in hair follicles, the retina, uveal tract, and leptomeninges. (medscape.com)
Lineage6
  • in this work, different melanoma cell lines were established after submitting a nontumorigenic melanocyte lineage (melan-a) to sequential cycles of forced anchorage impediment. (unifesp.br)
  • in conclusion, this model corroborates the role of adhesion state as a promoting agent in transformation process and demonstrates that cell adhesion disturbances may act as carcinogenic stimuli, at least for a nontumorigenic immortalized melanocyte lineage. (unifesp.br)
  • Lineage-specific signaling in melanocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • During melanocyte development, the cytokine Steel factor activates its receptor c-Kit, initiating a signal transduction cascade, which is vital for lineage determination via unknown downstream nuclear targets. (ox.ac.uk)
  • c-Kit has recently been found to trigger mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Microphthalmia (Mi), a lineage- restricted transcription factor, which, like Steel factor and c-Kit, is essential for melanocyte development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mi thus joins CREB as a transcription factor whose signal-responsive phosphorylation regulates coactivator recruitment, in this case modulating lineage development in melanocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Genes3
  • From the stem cell origin of melanocytes to the gene combinations leading to different pigmentation and hair colour, the audience gained an understanding of the biology behind pigemntation, and why understanding the basis of pigmentation can help us to understand how genes work together to create complex traits. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Single-cell RNAseq of MC1R-inhibited melanocytes elucidates a set of differentially expressed genes with no previous ties to pigmentation or melanocyte biology. (wiley.com)
  • Melanocytes from passage 16 were transfected with HPV16 genes E6 and E7 using the retroviral construct LXCN16E6E7. (ximbio.com)
Hormone receptor2
  • The product Assay kit for Canine Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor(MC1R) (ELISA) should be kept between two and eight degrees Celsius to ensure the retention of the stability and reactivity of the reagents included in the kit. (mc1-r.com)
  • The product Assay kit for Canine Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor(MC1R) (ELISA)is intended to be used for research purposes only. (mc1-r.com)
Vitiligo15
  • Medical treatment of vitiligo includes the use of melanocyte transplant, but the results are variable. (cun.es)
  • We have treated 4 patients with either focal or generalized stable vitiligo using a graft of autologous melanocytes' culture on a denuded amniotic membrane (AM). (cun.es)
  • Our results demonstrate that transplantation of autologous melanocytes cultured on AM is a new, simple, and effective treatment for stable vitiligo. (cun.es)
  • Melanocytes are the cell of origin for a number of conditions including melanoma an aggressive type of skin cancer and vitiligo a long-term condition characterised by patches of the skin losing their pigment. (cancertools.org)
  • Another surprisingly effective paramedical option for treating vitiligo is melanocyte restoration, utilizing skin needling. (juvessentials.com)
  • While a camouflage pigment is tattooed into the areas of the skin affected by vitiligo, the needling of the skin itself may help restore proper functioning of its melanocytes to once again produce pigment. (juvessentials.com)
  • The melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure (MKTP) treats stable and recalcitrant vitiligo. (umassmed.edu)
  • High frequency of skin-homing melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dermabrasion versus microneedling in transplantation of autologous noncultured melanocyte-keratinocyte cell suspension in patients with vitiligo. (medscape.com)
  • This randomized comparative study aimed to assess the efficacy of transplanting autologous melanocyte-keratinocyte suspension in patients with stable vitiligo and to compare site preparation using dermabrasion vs microneedling. (medscape.com)
  • The study was conducted from March 2020 to September 2022 and included 40 patients with 40 stable vitiligo lesions that were managed by suspension transplants of melanocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Vitiligo is a loss of skin melanocytes that causes areas of skin depigmentation of varying sizes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Etiology of vitiligo is unclear, but melanocytes are lacking in affected areas. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) antioxidant response promotes melanocyte viability and reduces toxicity of the vitiligo-inducing phenol monobenzone. (msdmanuals.com)
Cells25
  • In addition to their role as UV radical scavengers, melanocytes are also part of the immune system, and are considered to be immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although melanocytes are dendritic in form and share many characteristics with dendritic cells, they derive from different cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Melanocytes on the other hand originate from neural crest cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As such, although morphologically and functionally similar, melanocytes and dendritic cells are not the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • Melanocytes are capable of expressing MHC Class II, a type of MHC expressed only by certain antigen presenting cells of the immune system, when stimulated by interactions with antigen or cytokines. (wikipedia.org)
  • All cells in any given vertebrate express MHC, but most cells only express MHC class I. The other class of MHC, Class II, is found only on "professional" antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, and melanocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, melanocytes stimulated by cytokines express surface proteins such as CD40 and ICAM1 in addition to MHC class II, allowing for co-stimulation of T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other immune cells, melanocytes secrete these cytokines in response to activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) which recognize MAMPs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following secretion from the pituitary, MSH circulates in the blood and binds to MCRs on the surface of pigment-containing cells called melanocytes (in humans) and chromatophores (in lower vertebrates). (britannica.com)
  • Kyle Munkittrick, Discover Magazine , 30 July 2010 Johnson thought the most likely mechanism would be melanocytes-skin cells that contain pigment-and another hormone known as MSH, or melanocyte-stimulating hormone . (merriam-webster.com)
  • A culture biopsy was obtained in every patient and grown in melanocytes' media for 10-14 days after which cells were transferred to a denuded AM and transplanted into the achromic lesions. (cun.es)
  • Hair color is made within hair follicles by pigment cells known as melanocytes. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • It arises when pigment-producing skin cells, called melanocytes, become cancerous. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • Regulation of pp60c-src in melanocytes and melanoma cells (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). (ucalgary.ca)
  • A new study in mice shows that these melanocyte stem cells migrate between two sites in the hair follicle during each cycle of hair growth and shedding- from a site where they produce the pigment for hair color to another where they produce stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The increase in the number of follicle growth cycles with aging is associated with deficits in melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) , the stem cells residing in the follicle that can form hair pigment-producing melanocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Melanocyte stem cells are found in two distinct locations at the base of each hair follicle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Instead, a recent study published in Nature suggests that the McSCs can migrate back and forth between the two aforementioned locations, differentiating to produce hair pigment-producing melanocytes in the hair germ area and then translocating to the bulge and dedifferentiating to ensure the maintenance of an adequate supply of stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This results in fewer stem cells that can develop into pigment-producing melanocytes, thus leading to hair graying. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • D . , a cell biologist at New York University, said, "[Our] analysis revealed melanocyte stem cells are more dynamic/mobile than previously thought. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We revealed that as melanocyte stem cells move within the hair follicle, stem cells can reversibly alter cell state from immature to mature state, and this reversibility is critical for the proper maintenance of these stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Dr. Ito also noted, "The study is built upon previous studies showing that maintaining healthy melanocyte stem cells is the key to preserving hair color. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Our study suggests that melanocyte stem cells are mobile but can start the regeneration of hair melanocytes only when they are present in a specific area within the hair follicle (hair germ compartment). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • NC cells differentiate to form a broad array of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, cartilage, craniofacial mesenchyme, and melanocytes ( Mayor and Theveneau, 2013 ). (jneurosci.org)
Melanocortin 1 recept1
  • Results: Biopanning of a melanocyte peptide phage-display library with alopecia areata patient sera, identified several novel melanocyte autoantigens, including OCA2-encoded P protein, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), and glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein b. (bl.uk)
Tyrosinase2
Humans1
  • Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
Hair follicle2
Dendricity2
  • Increased melanocyte dendricity was clearly visible within 24 h as well. (patriciamaeolson.com)
  • The present studies suggested that J147 suppressed both basal and α-MSH-induced melanogenesis, as well as decreased melanocyte dendricity extension and melanosome transport. (frontiersin.org)
Cytokine1
  • In addition to presenting antigen, one of the roles of melanocytes in the immune response is cytokine production. (wikipedia.org)
Epithelium1
  • During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
Peptide1
  • Recent Examples on the Web Instead of drilling and filling, a gel containing the peptide melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) could let teeth grow back from within! (merriam-webster.com)
Morphology1
Human3
  • The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the regulation of UVA/B induced apoptotic signaling in human epidermal melanocytes in vitro in relation to redox alterations and antioxidant photoprotection. (projectsparadise.com)
  • All lots of PromoCell Melanocyte Growth Medium are subjected to comprehensive quality control tests using primary human melanocytes. (scientificlabs.co.uk)
  • Immortalization of human melanocytes does not alter the de novo properties of nitric oxide to induce cell detachment from extracellular matrix components via cGMP. (ximbio.com)
Foreskin1
  • Melanocyte cultures were established from neonatal foreskin using standard methods. (cancertools.org)
Stem cell1
  • Our study also suggests that melanocyte stem cell localization may be altered during the course of aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Https1
  • Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/melanocyte-stimulating%20hormone. (merriam-webster.com)
Abnormal2
  • In in-vitro studies, abnormal cytologic changes are seen that result in the death of melanocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • These abnormal melanocytes may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. (cdc.gov)
Proliferation2
  • Despite compelling evidence that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes melanoma the knowledge how various wavelength spectra affect the balance between proliferation and apoptosis controlling the homeostasis of the melanocyte population is still limited. (projectsparadise.com)
  • The common acquired melanocytic nevus is viewed as a focal proliferation of melanocytes, destined in most instances to follow a programmed pathway of differentiation that leads to disappearance of the nevus. (nih.gov)
Regulation1
  • Regulation of melanocyte differentiation and growth. (ox.ac.uk)
Vivo1
Melanotropin1
  • melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) , also called intermedin or melanotropin , any of several peptides derived from a protein known as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and secreted primarily by the pituitary gland . (britannica.com)
Mechanism2
  • In our studies, we investigated the hypopigmentary effects of J147 treatment on melanocytes and explored the underlying mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
  • The author concludes that the probable mechanism of action of the alkyl phenols is a toxic effect on functional melanocytes. (cdc.gov)
Cellular1
  • The results of this study confirm the presence of VAChT in cutaneous nerves and in both epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes as well as in their nuclei using immunofluorescence labelling in situ and in vitro, Western blot analysis of cellular and nuclear extracts and reverse transcription-PCR. (brad.ac.uk)
Radiation1
Concentration1
  • Objective -To investigate effects of sample handling, storage, and collection time and season on plasma α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) concentration in healthy equids. (avma.org)
Progression2
  • 1990) download from melanocytes to melanoma the progression to malignancy 2005 of electrophoresis-based and phenotypic posts of series Poles in the United States by circuit t visibility and motion of the % to sole promotions. (ksweb1.de)
  • She enhances the download from melanocytes to melanoma the progression to malignancy 2005 of The frequency of the Hedgehog( Europa, 2008) and The design of the Elves( Europa, 2016) by Muriel Barbery. (ksweb1.de)
Role1
  • Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system[clarification needed]. (wikipedia.org)