• Conditional gene knockouts in mice are often used to study human diseases because many genes produce similar phenotypes in both species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along with producing similar phenotypes as well making them very promising candidates for conditional gene knockouts. (wikipedia.org)
  • CNV screening in clinical practice is limited because pathological CNVs cannot be distinguished routinely from benign CNVs, and because genes underlying patients' phenotypes remain largely unknown. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Here, we present a novel, statistically robust approach that forges links between 148 MR-associated CNVs and phenotypes from approximately 5,000 mouse gene knockout experiments. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Additional enrichments highlighted correspondences between relevant mouse phenotypes and secondary presentations such as brain abnormality, cleft palate, and seizures. (ed.ac.uk)
  • 30% increases) and allowed the identification of 78 genes that may contribute to MR and associated phenotypes. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Sexual Dimorphism of the Mouse Plasma Metabolome Is Associated with Phenotypes of 30 Gene Knockout Lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • The association of plasma metabolites with IMPC phenotypes showed dramatic sexual dimorphism in wildtype mice . (bvsalud.org)
  • Some gene knockouts produce infertile phenotypes with obviously missing, specific activities that affect acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis or interfere with acrosome function in mature sperm. (nih.gov)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • In this proposed project, we aimed at studying their in vivo influences on transmitter/receptor phenotypes using mutant mice whose genes of neurotrophins or related molecules are disrupted. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Better understanding of new mutations and the wide range of possible phenotypes led to the development of a new nomenclature proposal, based on the gene and inheritance pattern. (medscape.com)
  • Genome-edited mice were also obtained using frozen-warmed pronuclear embryos with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) nucleases introduced using the technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE) method, which were transferred to females with pseudopregnancy induced on the day of embryo transfer. (nature.com)
  • The p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf) knockout mice were generated via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and p27(Kip1) knockout mice via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). (koreamed.org)
  • Figure 3 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of B6-p27Kip1 knockout mouse model. (koreamed.org)
  • A) Representative view of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) targeting strategy for generation of p27Kip1 KO mouse. (koreamed.org)
  • Transomic's all-in-one lentiviral vectors for gene knockout incorporate a gRNA plus Cas9, eliminating the need for transducing cell lines with multiple vectors. (scientist.com)
  • We investigated the effect of loss-of-function mutations in 30 unique gene knockout (KO) lines on plasma metabolites, including genes coding for structural proteins (11 of 30), metabolic pathway enzymes (12 of 30) and protein kinases (7 of 30). (bvsalud.org)
  • The de novo mutations in genes that create proteins are a well-established cause of developmental disorders, but to date many of the genes linked to these disorders remain unknown. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Essential FA, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), may modulate gene expression in diverse biological processes thought regulating transcription factors (TF), including peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPAR) , liver X receptors (LXR) , and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins ( SREBP ) 3 . (nature.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of a family of E3 small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases that mediates the attachment of a SUMO protein to proteins involved in nuclear transport, transcription, chromosome segregation and DNA repair. (nih.gov)
  • This review focuses on recent findings using genetically modified mice (gene knockouts and transgenic 'green acrosome' mice) to study the effects of eliminating acrosomal matrix-associated proteins on sperm structure and function. (nih.gov)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • These genes encode proteins that together form a heterodimer responsible for cystine and dibasic amino acid transport in the proximal tubule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)
  • We could identify 16 proteins which differed in knockout and wild type mice. (lu.se)
  • The analysis of genetic variants in mice has provided profound insights into the function of human genes. (mousephenotype.org)
  • Although metabolic alterations are observed in many monogenic and complex genetic disorders , the impact of most mammalian genes on cellular metabolism remains unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • They are widely used in knockout experiments, especially those investigating genetic questions that relate to human physiology . (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that the slow progression and lack of full-fledged Alzheimer's disease pathology in the hippocampal neurons of APP Sw mice result from the genetic reprogramming of neural cells to cope with increased levels of Aβ. (jneurosci.org)
  • To understand regulation of gene expression and to delineate the function of mammalian genes, we routinely create transgenic & gene knockout mice by performing DNA microinjection into mouse eggs, and genetic manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (ccmb.res.in)
  • As a result, researchers have been able to develop thousands of mouse strains with mutations that mirror those seen in human genetic disease . (yourgenome.org)
  • Now, there are over 100 different inbred strains of mice, each with a different genetic background. (yourgenome.org)
  • Transgenic mice are mice that contain additional, artificially introduced genetic material in every cell. (yourgenome.org)
  • This additional genetic material either results in a gain or loss of function of a certain gene. (yourgenome.org)
  • White heterozygous mice can subsequently be crossed to produce mice that are homozygous for the knocked out gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit complete neonatal lethality, impaired skin barrier function, weight loss, abnormal skin appearance, hyperkeratosis, impaired formation of lipid lamellae and keratohyalin granules, and altered epidermal ceramide composition. (jax.org)
  • Mice homozygous for a null allele exhibit sporadic mild seizures and increased susceptibility to PTZ-induced seizures. (jax.org)
  • Mice homozygous for a different null allele show hypoactivity and reduced exploratory behavior, an increased anxiety-related response in males, and increased defecation in females. (jax.org)
  • Hapten and prohapten induced cell proliferation was compared in C57BL/6J (B6) wild type (WT) versus homozygous (HO) knockout mice with a hypomorphic NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase (CPR) gene (termed Cpr(low/low)) resulting in low CPR enzyme activity. (cdc.gov)
  • A newer classification is based on genotype: Type A patients have homozygous mutations in the gene SLC3A1 and type B patients have homozygous mutations in SLC7A9 . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Two of the most commonly used chemicals are tetracycline, which activates transcription of the Cre recombinase gene and tamoxifen, which activates transport of the Cre recombinase protein to the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in comparison between mice and humans, their protein-coding regions of the genomes are 85% identical and have similarities between 99% of their homologs. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8] The goal of KOMP is to create knockout mutations in the embryonic stem cells for each of the 20,000 protein coding genes in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the p53 knockout mouse is named after the p53 gene which codes for a protein that normally suppresses the growth of tumours by arresting cell division and/or inducing apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene expression and protein level analysis through e.g. (fems-microbiology.org)
  • Tg2576 mice overexpress a mutant form of human amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation (APP Sw ), resulting in high β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in the brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • The expression of transthyretin, a protein shown to sequester Aβ and prevent amyloid fibril formation in vitro , and several genes in the insulin-signaling pathway, e.g., insulin-like growth factor-2, were increased selectively in the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Concomitant activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of Bad also were unique to the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • The fact that mice lacking the protein have no obvious health problems is encouraging, suggesting that Abcc10 inhibitors could be used in human patients without causing side effects that might be expected to result from interfering with the pump's normal functions. (news-medical.net)
  • Familial AD (FAD) cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS1 and PS2) ( Sisodia and St George-Hyslop, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Her rapporterer vi en rekombinationsmedieret kassette udveksling (RMCE) -baseret struktur-funktion tilgang i KO embryonale stamceller, som giver mulighed for den molekylære dissektion af forskellige funktionelle domæner eller varianter af et protein. (jove.com)
  • For example, this may mean the mouse starts to produce a new protein . (yourgenome.org)
  • Levels of transgene expression in transgenic (Tg) mice expressing deer or elk cellular prion protein (PrP C ). Representative Western blot analysis of PrP C expression from different total protein loads in brain extracts from Tg mice Tg(CerPrP)1536 +/- , Tg(CerPrP-E226)5029 +/- , and Tg(CerPrP-E226)5037 +/- compared with wild type and Prnp 0/0 mice (knock-out mice for PrP gene). (cdc.gov)
  • CPR activity, determined as Units/mg protein, was determined to be significantly lower in the Cpr(low/low) mice compared to the WT. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The key TF were identified by functional enrichment analysis from the list of differentially expressed genes identified in liver samples between 35 pigs fed with 1.5% or 3.0% soybean oil. (nature.com)
  • There are several thousand different strains of knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • A modern mouse facility houses transgenic mice and other experimental mouse strains needed for creation of transgenic and gene knock-out mice. (ccmb.res.in)
  • A and B) Representative views of the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) targeting strategy for generation of p16Ink4a KO mice in both FVB (A) and B6 (B) strains. (koreamed.org)
  • C and D) Representative results of PCR genotyping for FVB (C) and C57BL/6 (D) strains of WT and p16Ink4a KO mice. (koreamed.org)
  • C and D) Representative results of PCR genotyping for FVB (C) and B6 (D) strains of WT and p19Arf KO mice. (koreamed.org)
  • Mouse knock-out strains demonstrated that T2D-associated candidates regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. (lu.se)
  • Only a few cell types express Cre recombinase and no mammalian cells express it so there is no risk of accidental activation of lox sites when using conditional gene knockout in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over time, the mouse has become the preferred organism for research into mammalian genetics because of its rapid generation time, small size and the ease with which it can be bred. (yourgenome.org)
  • Physical attributes like hair color and skin tone can be traced to the expression of certain genes in our DNA. (loe.org)
  • This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. (springer.com)
  • Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
  • Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. (springer.com)
  • Gene expression profiles in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 6-month-old APP Sw mice were compared with age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, the increased expression of transthyretin and insulin-like growth factor-2 and the increased phosphorylation of Bad in hippocampal neurons were maintained in 12-month-old APP Sw mice when compared with age-matched controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, we were interested in early gene expression changes that might mediate neuroprotection in these mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus the present study was designed to determine gene expression profiles in the hippocampus and cerebellum of 6-month-old APP Sw mice compared with age-matched controls and to identify potential mechanisms responsible for protecting neurons from Aβ toxicity. (jneurosci.org)
  • The mouse genetics laboratory includes well-furnished infrastructure for culture of embryonic stem cells, cryopreservation of embryos, micro-manipulation of embryos, animal surgery, construction of transgenes & gene knock-out vectors, identification of transgenic & knock-out mice, and analysis of gene expression. (ccmb.res.in)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • In this investigation, we considered the effect of PrP gene knock-out (PrP0/0) on cerebellar neural circuits and in particular on granule cells, which show intense PrP expression during development and selective affinity for PrP. (amrita.edu)
  • At the third postnatal week, when PrP expression would normally attain mature levels, PrP0/0 mice showed low performance in the accelerating rotarod and runway tests and the functioning of 40% of granule cells was abnormal. (amrita.edu)
  • After 3 weeks, we compared body weight, food intake, plasma levels of lipids and glucose, and the expression patterns of the clock genes and the genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver and WAT. (researchgate.net)
  • LL eliminated the circadian rhythms of the expression of the clock genes as well as most of the genes involved in lipid metabolism in both liver and WAT. (researchgate.net)
  • More notably, LL markedly decreased not only the amplitude but also the average levels of the expression of the genes in the liver, but not in the WAT, suggesting that transcription in the liver is sensitive to constant light exposure. (researchgate.net)
  • Objective Eating out of phase with the endogenous biological clock alters clock and metabolic gene expression in rodents and can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (researchgate.net)
  • Diet composition can also affect clock gene expression. (researchgate.net)
  • Here, we assessed the combined effect of diet composition and feeding time on (1) body composition, (2) energy balance, and (3) circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes. (researchgate.net)
  • This is not surprising given the strong evidence for interaction between myelin and axon gene expression in development and after experimental nerve lesions. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • In 362 overweight people, they observed gene-dosage effects that link SORLA expression to obesity and glucose tolerance. (medscape.com)
  • We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Berry intake changes hepatic gene expression and DNA methylation patterns associated with high-fat diet. (lu.se)
  • Conditional gene knockout is a technique used to eliminate a specific gene in a certain tissue, such as the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using the conditional gene knockout technique eliminates many of the side effects from traditional gene knockout. (wikipedia.org)
  • The conditional gene knockout method is often used to model human diseases in other mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists used conditional gene knockout to delete the BRCA1 allele in mammary gland tissue in mice and found that it plays an important role in tumour suppression. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two main strategies to conditional gene knockout and those are gene targeting or homologous recombination and gene trapping. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9] Some alleles in this project cannot be knocked out using traditional methods and require the specificity of the conditional gene knockout technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conditional gene knockout is a time-consuming procedure and there are additional projects focusing on knocking out the remaining mouse genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. (nih.gov)
  • For the past 100 years laboratory mouse genetics have been used for this because mice are mammals that are physiologically similar enough to humans to generate qualitative testing. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8][12] Their genes are very alike to those of humans with 99% having homologs being similar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite their many visual differences, mice are genetically very similar to humans. (mousephenotype.org)
  • Mice are currently the laboratory animal species most closely related to humans for which the knockout technique can easily be applied. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans share many genes with mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, observing the characteristics of knockout mice gives researchers information that can be used to better understand how a similar gene may cause or contribute to disease in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans born with mutations that deactivate the p53 gene have Li-Fraumeni syndrome , a condition that dramatically increases the risk of developing bone cancers, breast cancer and blood cancers at an early age. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mouse is closely related to humans with a striking similarity to us in terms of anatomy, physiology and genetics. (yourgenome.org)
  • The formation of extracellular plaques is common to all lines of transgenic mice overexpressing high levels of mutant APP. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the early 1980s 'transgenic mice' became a valuable tool in research. (yourgenome.org)
  • Transgenic mice are extremely useful for scientists studying gene function. (yourgenome.org)
  • E and F) Western blot analyses for p16 in FVB (E) and B6 (F) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (koreamed.org)
  • Researchers can insert new genes into these or knock out existing genes with great precision. (newscientist.com)
  • A knockout mouse , or knock-out mouse , is a genetically modified mouse ( Mus musculus ) in which researchers have inactivated, or " knocked out ", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • By causing a specific gene to be inactive in the mouse, and observing any differences from normal behaviour or physiology, researchers can infer its probable function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene editing can knock out genes crucial to cervical tumor cells' survival, researchers report. (the-scientist.com)
  • The researchers isolated cells from the knockout mice and tested the cells' reactions to taxanes and two other anticancer drugs, vincristine and Ara-C. Compared to cells from normal mice that still possessed the gene for Abcc10, the knockout mouse cells were much more sensitive to the drugs. (news-medical.net)
  • The use of genetically engineered mouse models has yielded new mechanistic information that complements recent, important in vivo imaging studies. (nih.gov)
  • To complement the in vivo system of chick embryos, we employ patient omics data, single cell RNA sequencing, human and mouse embryos, human cancer cell cultures, human pluripotent stem cells, chick embryo neural crest-derived in vitro crestosphere cultures, and zebrafish and mouse in vivo models. (lu.se)
  • Mice lacking the tumor suppressors p16(Ink4a) (Cdkn2a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a), p19(Arf) (an alternative reading frame product of Cdkn2a,), and p27(Kip1) (Cdkn1b, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b) result in malignant progression of epithelial cancers, sarcomas, and melanomas, respectively. (koreamed.org)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • The IMPC is systematically 'knocking out' or removing every gene in the mouse genome, (around 20,000 genes) one at a time, and examining the effects that this has on the mouse's biological systems. (mousephenotype.org)
  • The gene for factor XI is located on chromosome 4. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, patients with APP gene duplications or individuals with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), who have increased dosage of the APP gene (located on chromosome 21), develop early-onset AD and overproduce Aβ 42 ( Hardy, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Dr Kaitlin Samocha, a first author of the study from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said: "From previous studies we know that certain genes and types of mutation are more strongly linked to developmental disorders, which has allowed us to narrow our search. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This study is the first to demonstrate how the power of mouse knockout data can be systematically exploited to better understand genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In mice, overexpression of human SORLA in murine adipose tissue blocked hydrolysis of triacylglycerides and caused excessive adiposity. (medscape.com)
  • In 1902, French biologist Lucien Cuénot was the first to demonstrate Mendel's theories of inheritance by highlighting the genetics of coat colour characteristics in mice. (yourgenome.org)
  • Together with his student Clarence Little, Castle produced a series of important papers on the genetics of coat colour in mice. (yourgenome.org)
  • Other combinatorial methods are needed to knockout the last remaining alleles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A is an autosomal recessive disorder generated by inactivating mutations in the gene coding for the muscle specific protease calpain-3. (lu.se)
  • Despite this, amyloid plaques do not develop until 12 months of age, and there is no neuronal loss in mice as old as 16 months. (jneurosci.org)
  • In mice and rats, females require mating stimulation for the maintenance of pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • The production of female mice with pseudopregnancy induced using sonic vibration was as efficient as rats. (nature.com)
  • Gene knockout in rats is much harder and has only been possible since 2003. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study examined the application of sonic vibration to induce pseudopregnancy in mice. (nature.com)
  • These gene editing technologies were targeted to the first exon of each gene, to induce frameshifts producing premature termination codons. (koreamed.org)
  • Whole-body knockout of the Mig6 gene in mice has been shown to induce osteoarthritis and joint degeneration. (bepress.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells are isolated from a mouse blastocyst (a very young embryo ) and grown in vitro . (wikipedia.org)
  • The genes are knocked out because this is the best way to study their function and learn more about their role in human diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can be a key starting point in discovering genes associated with human disease. (mousephenotype.org)
  • Understanding the effect of mouse gene dysfunction on metabolism can inform the functions of their human orthologues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Procurement and maintenance of transgenic and knock-out mouse models of human diseases where such animals are available elsewhere without restriction and provide facility and expertise to use the same in drug screening. (ccmb.res.in)
  • Development of new transgenic and gene knock-out mice models of human diseases. (ccmb.res.in)
  • When compared with the human genome it was found that the two genomes were of similar size and almost every gene in the human genome has a counterpart in the mouse. (yourgenome.org)
  • Almost every gene in the human genome has a counterpart in the mouse. (yourgenome.org)
  • Clarence Little observed that many mouse tumours acted in the same way as human ones. (yourgenome.org)
  • During his work, Clarence also carried out investigations into cancer and observed that many mouse tumours acted in the same way as human ones. (yourgenome.org)
  • Physical maps of the mouse and human immunoglobulin-like loci. (nih.gov)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Direct evidence linking the INK4A locus to tumorigenesis was provided by the targeted disruption of exon 2 of INK4A in mice. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors that developed in mice deficient in INK4A were enhanced by the topical application of carcinogens and ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
  • Breeding of currently available transgenic and knock-out mouse models. (ccmb.res.in)
  • Examples of research in which knockout mice have been useful include studying and modeling different kinds of cancer , obesity , heart disease , diabetes , arthritis , substance abuse , anxiety , aging and Parkinson's disease . (wikipedia.org)
  • Sorl1 gene knockout in mice accelerated the breakdown of triacylglycerides in adipocytes and protected the animals from diet-induced obesity. (medscape.com)
  • This study was used to assess the utility of a pan microsomal metabolic deficient mouse to distinguish between direct acting haptens and prohaptens in the LLNA. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we generated knockout mouse models for each of these three cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors using engineered nucleases. (koreamed.org)
  • In traditional gene knockout, embryonic death from a gene mutation can occur, and this prevents scientists from studying the gene in adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • With this technology, scientists are able to knockout genes at a specific stage in development and study how the knockout of a gene in one tissue affects the same gene in other tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows scientists to investigate what specific genes do in the body. (yourgenome.org)
  • Such mice were found to be 'smarter' than normal mice and were able to handle complex tasks more intelligently compared to 'normal' mice bred in the laboratory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Usually, the new sequence is also given a marker gene , a gene that normal mice don't have and that confers resistance to a certain toxic agent (e.g., neomycin) or that produces an observable change (e.g. colour or fluorescence). (wikipedia.org)
  • As expected, knockout mice treated with paclitaxel had smaller spleens and thymus glands and underdeveloped bone marrow, compared to normal mice treated with the same drug. (news-medical.net)
  • Ongoing initiatives, such as the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study, have discovered associated genes by looking for patterns in the genomes of people with these disorders. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sex must be considered as critical factor in the biological interpretation of gene functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Knockout mice also offer a biological and scientific context in which drugs and other therapies can be developed and tested. (wikipedia.org)
  • A specific gene in mouse brain thought to be involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease which codes for the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) was knocked out. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project. (nih.gov)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] In a mouse model, factor XI appears to play a greater role in thrombosis than in hemostasis. (medscape.com)
  • These mice, therefore, may not be a good model of the complete pathologic process of AD but rather may be an excellent model for understanding how the brain can adapt to and survive high levels of Aβ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Figure 1 TALEN-mediated generation of a p16Ink4a knockout mouse model. (koreamed.org)
  • I'd like to stress that we did this work in a mouse model,' Hopper-Borge says. (news-medical.net)
  • This makes the mouse an extremely useful model organism. (yourgenome.org)
  • Around 60 per cent of children born with a disorder do not have a diagnosis and the authors estimate that around 50 per cent of these children will have a mutation in one of these unknown genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Germline mutation of one TP53 allele is found in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who generally inherit a mutated TP53 gene from an affected parent. (medscape.com)
  • Steroids , bile acids , oxylipins , primary metabolites, biogenic amines and complex lipids were analyzed with dedicated mass spectrometry platforms, yielding 827 identified metabolites in male and female KO mice and wildtype (WT) controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blastocysts containing cells, that are both wildtype and knockout cells, are injected into the uterus of a foster mother. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chimera mice are crossed with a normal wildtype mouse (grey). (wikipedia.org)
  • This produces offspring that are either white and heterozygous for the knocked out gene or grey and wildtype. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some tissues cannot be studied properly in isolation, so the gene must be inactive in a certain tissue while remaining active in others. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objective Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6) regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in synovial joint tissues. (bepress.com)