Kinase protein cell cycle proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The transcriptional repressor HBP1 is a target of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in cell cycle regulation. (nih.gov)

Silibinin also showed a strong phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but inhibited Akt phosphorylation and decreased survivin levels with an increase in cleaved caspase-3. (nih.gov)
Subsequently, a different set of CDK/cyclin complexes triggers the phosphorylation of numerous proteins to promote the profound structural reorganizations that accompany the entry of cells into mitosis. (unibas.ch)
The protein-level grade and stage associations for all proteins profiled-along with corresponding information on phosphorylation, pathways, mRNA expression, and copy alterations-represent a resource for identifying new potential targets. (nih.gov)
We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 μM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (rcsb.org)
Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
Treatment of HeLa cells with paclitaxel induces phosphorylation of Aurora A at Thr288 while treatment with hydroxyurea ablates phosphorylation. (cellsignal.com)
This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (thermofisher.com)
Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression and interaction with other cell cycle-associated proteins in mammary carcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)
The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)

The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)

It has been suggested that the protein is essential for initiation of DNA replication and that it plays a role in regulating cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Together, these results show a strong preventive efficacy of silibinin against photocarcinogenesis, which involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and an induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
To promote progression towards DNA replication, CDK/cyclin complexes phosphorylate proteins required for the activation of genes involved in DNA synthesis, as well as components of the DNA replication machinery. (unibas.ch)
The biological functions of HMGB1 are diverse in normal cells and during the start and progression of cancer. (hindawi.com)
Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
Flow cytometric analysis evidenced that piperine arrested the cell cycle at growth 2/mitosis phase, hence suppressed the breast cancer progression. (ijpsonline.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (rcsb.org)
A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)

At present, much research is focused on elucidating the links between CDK/cyclin complexes and signal transduction pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation and death. (unibas.ch)
Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
Studies suggest that p27 is also involved in controlling cell differentiation, which is the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions. (medlineplus.gov)

The Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase complex, along with another serine-threonine kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), phosphorylates the pre-RC which activates it at the G1/S transition. (wikipedia.org)
Western blot analysis of normal skin and tumor lysates showed that silibinin decreases the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and associated cyclins A, E, and D1, together with an up-regulation of Cip1/p21, Kip1/p27, and p53. (nih.gov)
Passage through the cell cycle requires the successive activation of different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). (unibas.ch)
p27, cyclin D1, and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein have been demonstrated using immunohistochemistry in 189 cases of primary breast carcinoma with long-term follow-up. (ox.ac.uk)
There was a statistically significant association between the expression of p27 and both cyclin D1 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), corresponding to their close interactions in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
This gene encodes a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle through interactions with several cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
One study (PMID: 16177568) reported aberrant splicing of transcripts from this gene which results in removal of the cyclin binding domain only in human cancer cells, and reduction in gene expression was shown in colorectal cancers (PMID: 17982127).Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)

The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (rcsb.org)

In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Cdc7 is needed for proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
In future, a better understanding of the cell cycle machinery and its deregulation during oncogenesis may provide novel opportunities for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer and other proliferation-related diseases. (unibas.ch)
Cancer cells demand high energy production to sustain their pathological increase in proliferation rate. (hindawi.com)
However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)

The protein is a serine-threonine kinase that is activated by another protein called either Dbf4 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or ASK in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)

Journal of Cell Biology (2017) 216 (10): 3133. (biologists.com)

The Cdc7 kinase is involved in regulation of the cell cycle at the point of chromosomal DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
The gene, CDC7, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle because of the gene product Cdc7 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Because the two proteins, Cdc7 and Dbf4, must form a complex before activating the MCM complex, the regulation of one protein is sufficient for both. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
However, changes in regulation that reduce the amount or function of the p27 protein in the nucleus are found in many types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)

Pathways of interest were enriched within the grade-associated proteins across multiple cancer types, including pathways of altered metabolism, Warburg-like effects, and translation factors. (nih.gov)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
BC comprises of variant subtypes and those subtypes arise from basal progenitor or luminal progenitor cells undergoing different genetic mutations[ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
These 2 syndromes, AT and NBS, are part of a family of mutations involving proteins involved in DNA repair. (medscape.com)
Artemis deficiency (with mutations in the Artemis protein resulting in defective VDJ recombination) decreases both T cells and B cells and can be considered part of a subset of SCIDs. (medscape.com)
Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a more severe fitness defect or lethality under a given condition. (thebiogrid.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Most of the CDKN1B gene mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the p27 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Some mutations impair the protein's ability to interact with regulatory proteins, while others lead to the production of an unstable version of p27 that is quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
All of these mutations reduce the amount of functional p27 that is available in the nucleus to regulate the cell cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
Like the mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, these genetic changes reduce the amount of functional p27 available to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Proteomic grade correlations identified protein kinases having functional impact in vitro in uterine endometrial cancer cells, including MAP3K2, MASTL, and TTK. (nih.gov)
In vitro , overexpression of the mdr-1 gene product, P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in tumor cells can confer high-level resistance to natural product-derived cytotoxics-anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and taxanes. (cancer.gov)
Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)

An early event in the signal transduction pathway induced by these cell-cell interactions is the rapid inactivation of a flagellar protein kinase that phosphorylates a 48 kDa flagellar protein. (elsevierpure.com)
We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
Hence, evidenced the blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
It induced apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)

Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

this means that most eukaryotic cells have the Cdc7 kinase protein. (wikipedia.org)

Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)

The interest in p27 expression in mammary carcinoma lies in its behaviour when examined in combination with other G1 cell cycle regulators. (ox.ac.uk)

Acridine orange/ethidium bromine staining assay revealed that piperine induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells which was further investigated by Western blotting. (ijpsonline.com)
This revealed increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X and reduced expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, indicating apoptosis induction by piperine. (ijpsonline.com)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)

Thus, in addition to its potential role in fertilization, this novel protein kinase may play a role in other signaling events in Chlamydomonas. (elsevierpure.com)
Cables1 complex couples survival signaling to the cell death machinery. (nih.gov)
The hormone estrogen acts as a signaling molecule in cells by binding to its cognate receptor, the estrogen receptor, thereby inducing a range of biological effects. (unibas.ch)

Some treatments target specific characteristics of cancer cells, so they only work on those particular cancers. (healthline.com)
High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, in a fraction of breast cancers cells that express the estrogen receptor proliferate significantly. (unibas.ch)

The product encoded by this gene is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Within cells, p27 is located primarily in the nucleus, where it plays a critical role in controlling cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
Based on this function, p27 is described as a tumor suppressor protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction mechanisms are the focus of our group, especially understanding how extracellular stimuli control cell growth and division, cell morphology, and gene expression at the biochemical level. (berkeley.edu)

In the normal breast, cells that express the estrogen receptor are mature specialized breast cells and do not proliferate. (unibas.ch)
Inhibiting this protein resulted in the desired increased expression of the estrogen receptor. (unibas.ch)
Its receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met , is expressed in the cochlear epithelium and melanocyte-derived intermediate cells in the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)

Journal of Cell Biology (2018) 217 (10): 3416. (biologists.com)

In mammals, functional analysis of the individual RAD51 paralogues in cell lines has shown similar but non-redundant contributions in DNA repair processes such as HR efficiency, RAD51 nuclear focus formation, sensitization to mitomycin C (MMC) and protection of perturbed replications forks [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
Functional dissection of protein complexes involved in yeast chromosome biology using a genetic interaction map. (thebiogrid.org)
Defining the functional relationships between proteins is critical for understanding virtually all aspects of cell biology. (thebiogrid.org)
however, even knowledge of the stoichiometry, affinity and lifetime of every protein-protein interaction would not reveal the functional relationships between and within such complexes. (thebiogrid.org)
Cells with a shortage of functional p27 can divide too quickly or in an uncontrolled way, forming a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
The main aim of the course is to enable students to acquire specialised knowledge and understanding of membrane biochemistry and the molecular structure, topology and functional mechanisms of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
A number of proteins from each process, for which the structure is known, are explored in greater detail in order to highlight the functional molecular mechanisms. (lu.se)

The Cdc7/Dbf4 complex adds a phosphate group to the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex allowing for the initiation of DNA replication in mitosis (as explained in the Cdc7 and Replication section below). (wikipedia.org)
After chromatin undergoes changes in telophase of mitosis, the hexameric protein complex of MCM proteins 2-7 forms part of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) by binding to the chromatin and other aiding proteins (Cdc6 and Cdt1). (wikipedia.org)

Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

Molecular cloning and characterization indicated that the 48 kDa substrate, termed SksC, itself is a novel protein kinase. (elsevierpure.com)

Membrane proteins play a key role in the cell's energy metabolism and in its signalling and communication with its environment. (lu.se)

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that define cancer and how these mechanisms differ from normal cells is crucial for developing new innovative therapies," says Bentires-Alj. (unibas.ch)
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
120 credits) in Chemistry and Molecular Biology and compulsory for a degree of Master of Science (120 credits) in Protein Science. (lu.se)

right after replication is over, the protein levels drop. (wikipedia.org)
Since Cdc7 is attached to the Dbf4 protein the entire complex is held in place during replication. (wikipedia.org)
This is most likely due to the change in conformation allowing the remainder of replication machinery proteins to be loaded. (wikipedia.org)
DNA replication can begin after all the necessary proteins are in place. (wikipedia.org)

This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)

Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)
This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
Consequently, the recruitment of immune cells during chronic inflammation increases oxidative stress (OS) in the microenvironment [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Traditionally, B cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for antibody production via maturation into plasma cells (ie, humoral immunity), and T cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for killing other cells or organisms (ie, cellular immunity). (medscape.com)
Deficiency of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II cellular proteins also commonly manifests in early infancy with classic symptoms of SCID. (medscape.com)
The lectures address the three different main types of membrane proteins and associated cellular processes: transport and transporters, signal transduction and receptors, bioenergetics and photosynthetic and respiratory proteins. (lu.se)

cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)

The maintenance of the steady-state equilibrium between ROS generation and elimination is crucial for cell survival, while its loss causes cell death by different mechanisms triggered by oxidative damage. (hindawi.com)
We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)

Developmental Cell (2019) 51 (2): 145. (biologists.com)
Journal of Cell Biology (2019) 218 (9): 2854. (biologists.com)

These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)

In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)

The current study employed Bayesian networks to a longitudinal proteomic dataset generated from Caco-2 cells transfected with SARS-CoV-2 (isolated from patients returning from Wuhan to Frankfurt). (mdpi.com)

Moreover, resynthesis of new flagellar proteins following deflagellation was not accompanied by increases in transcript levels of SksC, suggesting that expression of this soluble protein kinase might not be restricted to flagella. (elsevierpure.com)
Immunoblot analysis indicated that expression of SksC was ubiquitous: this soluble protein was found in both flagella and cell bodies and was expressed throughout the cell cycle and gametogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)

We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
More than half of all drugs that are in use today target membrane proteins. (lu.se)
Lectures dealing with methods for theoretical modelling of membrane protein structure, fusion protein techniques, X-ray crystallography, heterologous expression, solubilisation and purification of membrane proteins are also included in the course. (lu.se)
This is followed by experimental determination using genetic construction and expression of a fusion protein of the membrane protein and a marker protein in a bacterial system which is subsequently analysed. (lu.se)
In silico exercise addressing potential problems concerning the detection of heterologously expressed membrane proteins, solubilisation and evaluation of detergent properties, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtering in the presence of a detergent, and control of the protein's stability and integrity after purification. (lu.se)
Group discussions about e.g. the similarities/dissimilarities, cloning and overexpression strategies, and structure and function of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
An individually planned and executed minor project during two weeks, in which the students express a membrane protein of their choice and demonstrate in some way that the expression was successful. (lu.se)
The project entails practice in literature searching, project planning and documentation, and provides specialised practical knowledge of expression and management of membrane proteins. (lu.se)

The pheromone receptors have seven hydrophobic segments and are coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. (berkeley.edu)

Homozygous null embryos display embryonic lethality from cell cycle arrest. (jax.org)
During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)

To monitor morphology of cancerous breast cells, phase contrast microscopy was performed after piperine exposure. (ijpsonline.com)
Especially in the era of immunotherapies, it has been suggested that "normal-like" cells can be cleared by the immune system while "cancerous" cells evade killing by immune cells. (unibas.ch)

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. (lu.se)

Metabolically active cells, neutrophils, and macrophages from the immune system produce high levels of ROS. (hindawi.com)
An important component is the study of immune modulation with IL-2 and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) on the generation of natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), immune recovery, and eradication of microscopic disease posttherapy. (cancer.gov)
The immune system's lymphocyte component is divided into B cells and T cells. (medscape.com)
Symptoms in affected patients indicate the crucial involvement of MHC proteins in the immune recognition of self and nonself. (medscape.com)

It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)

In cancer cells, ROS production is mainly due to overexpression of the NADPH oxidase [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Using mAb 4F10 as a probe, the Zta protein could be detected as a 36-kD molecule in L5 cells and as a 38-kD molecule in B95-8 cells, reflecting the fact reported by other laboratories, using rabbit polyclonal antisera, that the Zta protein was variously modified in different host cells. (karger.com)

Development of mature functioning B and T cells involves a complex series of steps, each of which may be defective, resulting in B-cell and T-cell deficiency. (medscape.com)
Members of the family Anaplasmataceae have complex life cycles involving vertebrate hosts and hematophagous ticks, many of which have emerged as human pathogens. (cdc.gov)

Although expression levels of the protein appear to be constant throughout the cell cycle, the protein kinase activity appears to increase during S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Also, using 311H as a reagent to trace the kinetic expression of EBV DNase proteins in EBV-infected Akata cells, the Western blotting results indicated that DNase antigen could be detected at 12 h postactivation. (karger.com)
Finally, Western blotting assay predicted constant expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B and reduced expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
Malnutrition, both protein-energy mal- aimed to assess the use of CD95 expression nutrition (PEM) and micronutrient defi- as a marker for following up these patients ciencies, continues to be a major health during their nutritional rehabilitation and burden in developing countries. (who.int)

Commonly used radio- and chemotherapies are prooxidant strategies that alter cancer cells through ROS modulation and induce cell death [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms9

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs155

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Mitogen-activa1

Phosphorylation9

Inhibitor3

Activity of this kinase1

Progression11

Differentiation6

Cyclin8

CDKs1

Proliferation7

Serine3

20171

Regulation6

Pathways2

Mutations14

Genes2

Vitro4

Pathway5

Humans2

Eukaryotic cells1

MAPK1

Regulators1

Apoptosis3

Signaling3

Cancers3

Nucleus2

Tumor suppressor protein2

Extracellular1

Receptor3

20181

Functional7

Mitosis2

Degradation1

Characterization1

Metabolism1

Molecular3

Replication4

Enzymes1

Oxidative stress4

Cellular3

Interaction1

CDK41

Mechanisms2

20192

Checkpoints1

Checkpoint1

Proteomic1

Soluble2

Membrane8

Receptors1

Embryonic4

Cancerous2

Biology1

Immune4

Regulate1

Overexpression1

Molecule1

Complex2

Expression6

Modulation1