Kinase cascade scaffold protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

An example is the Ste5 scaffold in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Ste5 has been proposed to direct mating signaling through the Fus3 MAPK by catalytically unlocking this particular kinase for activation by its MAPKK Ste7. (wikipedia.org)
An example of highly conserved signaling pathways in eukaryotes are the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. (ku.edu)
GTP-bound LET-60 then activates the LIN-45 (Raf) 13 , MEK-2 14 and MPK-1 (MAPK) kinase cascade, which is facilitated by the scaffold protein KSR. (hideyuki-ts.com)
Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)
The four major groupings are the Erk (red), JNK or SAPK (blue), p38 (green) and the Big MAPK or ERK5 (light blue) cascades. (ibioo.com)
The c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) are serine/threonine proteins kinases and associates from the mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MAPK) superfamily (1). (cgp60474.com)
Activation of JNK via phosphorylation by upstream MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) (1) causes a little people of JNK to migrate to mitochondria. (cgp60474.com)
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades transmit extracellular stimulations to generate various cellular responses via the sequential and reversible phosphorylation of kinases. (researcher-app.com)
Since the strength and duration of kinase phosphorylation within the pathway determine the cellular response, both kinases and phosphatases play an essential role in the precise control of MAPK pathway activation and attenuation. (researcher-app.com)
To identify phosphatases specific to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathway, a synthetic screening approach was utilized in which phosphatases were individually tethered to the JNK pathway specific-JIP1 scaffold protein. (researcher-app.com)
Further analyses revealed that of three pathway member kinases, PTPN1 directly dephosphorylates JNK, the terminal kinase of the pathway, and negatively regulates the JNK MAPK pathway. (researcher-app.com)
Overexpression of FBLN-5 in 3T3-L1 cells increased DNA synthesis and enhanced basal and TGF-β-stimulated activation of ERK1/ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (elsevierpure.com)

A common example of how scaffolds enhance specificity is a scaffold that binds a protein kinase and its substrate, thereby ensuring specific kinase phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
In three-kinase signaling cascades, scaffolds bind all three kinases, enhancing kinase specificity and restricting signal amplification by limiting kinase phosphorylation to only one downstream target. (wikipedia.org)
We measured this using an improved fluorescent reporter and by phosphorylation of endogenous cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB). (nature.com)
Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
Activation of the core cascade leads to phosphorylation of YAP [ 4 - 6 ] (Yki in flies) and TAZ [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The TCR signalling cascade is initiated by phosphorylation of critical tyrosines of the TCR/CD3 complex by the Src-family kinases Lck or Fyn which are anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
In response to numerous tension stimuli, JNK turns into turned on via bis-phosphorylation by MAP kinase Hexanoyl Glycine supplier kinases (MKK4 and MKK7), and can subsequently phosphorylate many substrates(1, 3). (cgp60474.com)
nevertheless, an identical peptide (TI-JIP), in the JNK-interacting proteins-1 (JIP1) JNK-binding domains, could totally inhibit JNK-mediated c-jun phosphorylation (15). (cgp60474.com)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. (string-db.org)
L ike protein phosphorylation by kinases, protein ubiquitylation regulates many aspects of cell function and provides a wealth of drug target opportunities across many therapeutic areas including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolism, inflammation, neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. (ddw-online.com)

In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
In order for eukaryotes to efficiently detect and respond to environmental stimuli, a myriad of protein signaling pathways are utilized. (ku.edu)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
The ever evolving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways consist of four major groupings and numerous related proteins which constitute interrelated signal transduction cascades activated by stimuli such as growth factors, stress, cytokines and inflammation. (ibioo.com)
Seems to act as a scaffold protein in multiple signaling pathways. (string-db.org)
This protein functions as an essential signal transducer in the interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. (assaygenie.com)
As a result, we identified a large number of genes encoding N. lugens pattern recognition proteins, modulation proteins in the prophenoloxidase (proPO) activating cascade, immune effectors, and the signal transduction molecules involved in the immune pathways, including the Toll, Immune deficiency (Imd) and Janus kinase signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a scaffold protein that is thought to be involved in the regulation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
Overall, these data provide evidence of the existence of a conserved MAP kinase signaling pathway in Aspergillus species and suggest that this pathway is critical for the regulation of fungal development and secondary metabolism. (ku.edu)
Studies of the similar gene in mouse suggested that this protein may interact with and regulate the activity of numerous protein kinases of the JNK signaling pathway, and thus function as a scaffold protein in neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
The Hippo kinase pathway is emerging as a conserved signaling pathway that is essential for organ growth and tumorigenesis. (oncotarget.com)
The Hippo kinase pathway is emerging as a conserved signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, contact inhibition, cell migration, cell differentiation, stem cell self-renewal, genetic stability, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (oncotarget.com)
The core of the Hippo pathway is composed of a kinase cascade that includes MST1/2 serine/threonine kinase (ortholog of Hpo in D. melanogaster ), WW45 scaffold protein (Sav), MOB (Mats) and LATS1/2 kinases (Wts). (oncotarget.com)
We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
We show here that TGF-β stimulates murine 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to synthesize FBLN-5 transcript and protein through a Smad3-independent pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
MYD88: Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. (assaygenie.com)

These abilities may be related to stability of the interaction between the scaffold and the kinases, the basal phosphatase activity in the cell, scaffold location, and expression levels of the signaling components. (wikipedia.org)
For space and readability concerns not all interactions and stimuli are indicated and the scaffold and phosphatase proteins are not shown. (ibioo.com)
Believed to target protein phosphatase 1/PP1 to dendritic spines, which are rich in F-actin, and regulates its specificity toward ion channels and other substrates, such as AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. (string-db.org)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for dual specificity protein phosphatase 12 (SMED30022703) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
Expression of dual specificity protein phosphatase 12 (SMED30022703) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for dual specificity protein phosphatase 12 (SMED30022703) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)

This assembly may be able to enhance signaling specificity by preventing unnecessary interactions between signaling proteins, and enhance signaling efficiency by increasing the proximity and effective concentration of components in the scaffold complex. (wikipedia.org)
However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)

Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
The cytosolic ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is recruited to the T cell plasma membrane via binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated TCR-complex [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
HA is synthesized in the absence of a protein core at the inner face of the plasma membrane and consequently found in the form of free chains whereas other GAG types are covalently bound into protein cores to form proteoglycans (PGs). (hindawi.com)

SPIDR (scaffold protein involved in DNA repair) regulates the stability or assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on single-stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we show that the yeast protein YDR275W/Tld1 (for TG-associated LD protein 1) localizes to a subset of TG-containing LDs and reveal it negatively regulates lipolysis. (bvsalud.org)
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates the production of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins by a variety of cell types and tissues. (elsevierpure.com)
Our findings identify FBLN-5 as a novel TGF-β-inducible target gene that regulates cell growth and motility in a context-specific manner and affects protein kinase activation by TGF-β. (elsevierpure.com)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK1 signaling cascade and, upon calcium influx, activates CREB-dependent gene transcription, regulates calcium- mediated granulocyte function and respiratory burst and promotes basal dendritic growth of hippocampal neurons. (string-db.org)
The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)

The next tier are the serine/threonine MAPKKKs, MAP kinase kinase kinase or MAP3Ks such as RAF, TAK, ASK, and MEKK1. (ibioo.com)
The serine/threonine/tyrosine MAPKKs, MAP Kinase kinases or MAP2Ks, such as the MKK and MEK kinases, are one step up from the MAP kinase cascade, phosphorylating and activating these kinases. (ibioo.com)
Protein serine kinase H2. (string-db.org)

Mathematical modeling has shown that kinases in a cascade without scaffolds have a higher probability of being dephosphorylated by phosphatases before they are even able to phosphorylate downstream targets. (wikipedia.org)

Additionally, some signaling proteins require multiple interactions for activation and scaffold tethering may be able to convert these interactions into one interaction that results in multiple modifications. (wikipedia.org)
Such changes may be able to enhance or inhibit the activation of these signaling proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. (nature.com)
Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals. (nature.com)
The common regulatory step in both of these cascades is activation of an IκB kinase ( IKK ) complex consisting of catalytic kinase subunits (IKKα and/or IKKβ) and the regulatory non-enzymatic scaffold protein NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator also known as IKKγ). (abcam.com)
Modelling of the general stress response activation cascade of sigB in B. subtilis in response to starvation. (fairdomhub.org)
In some cascades the first activation tier involves the MAPKKKKs, MAP kinase kinase kinase kinases or MAP4K proteins. (ibioo.com)
As estrogenmediated AKT-activation relies on HPIP, which tethers ERaCell Death and Differentiationto microtubules,10 we tested no matter if TBK1 is involved in this signaling cascade. (heme-oxygenase.com)
Consequently, HPIP critically drives the activation of multiple kinases on stimulation of estrogens and is also essential for the integrity of ERa. (heme-oxygenase.com)
PRRs initiate a signalling cascade that leads to activation and production of inflammatory cytokines upon recognition of conserved microbial signatures or danger signals (commonly referred to as pathogen associated molecular patterns or PAMPs, or danger associated molecular patterns or DAMPS, respectively). (immunochemistry.com)
In a previous report, we identified the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in NF-κB activation by regulating IKKγ/NEMO. (mdpi.com)

We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
2005 During pregnancy Prl initiates an integrin‐dependent Jak/Stat signaling cascade that results in the transcription of milk protein genes including β‐casein a marker of terminal MEC differentiation (Gouilleux et al. (cancer-pictures.org)
Whole exome sequencing of patients who experienced severe influenza reveals several genes, including scaffold protein AHNAK, with predicted loss-of-function variants that are also identified in our proteomic analyses. (cdc.gov)

Scaffold proteins act in at least four ways: tethering signaling components, localizing these components to specific areas of the cell, regulating signal transduction by coordinating positive and negative feedback signals, and insulating correct signaling proteins from competing proteins. (wikipedia.org)

Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)
The IPP complex coordinates downstream effectors such as GEFs GAPs and kinases around integrin tails. (cancer-pictures.org)

The Wee1 class of protein-tyrosine kinase has an important role in cell cycle control. (berkeley.edu)
Recently, highly targeted small-molecule agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), open a new avenue for RA therapy with improved clinical responses ( Koenders and Van DenBerg, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, scaffolds have been shown to insulate kinases from substrate- and ATP-competitive inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Once on the mitochondria catalytically energetic JNK can dock using a scaffold proteins and substrate, Sab(13, 14). (cgp60474.com)
I will illustrate this with one example, this thrombin, which we analysed about 25 years ago, a major enzyme in the clotting cascade and a major focus of drug design: the apoenzyme, ligand binding site, the substrate binding site. (lindau-nobel.org)

Neuronal microtubule-associated protein 2D is a dual A-kinase anchoring protein expressed in rat ovarian granulosa cells. (nature.com)
Microtubule-associated protein required for initial steps of neuronal dispersion and cortex lamination during cerebral cortex development. (string-db.org)
May act by competing with the putative neuronal protein kinase DCLK1 in binding to a target protein. (string-db.org)

The integrin tails have no intrinsic kinase activity but rather serve as a site for the docking of various kinases and related adaptor proteins that comprise focal adhesions. (thno.org)
The β-tail is the primary docking site in the formation of focal adhesions, but the alpha tail in some cases may also serve as a signaling scaffold for calcium dependent signaling events. (thno.org)

Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are intracellular signaling proteins. (nih.gov)
And I would like to show that with a work that I was involved in with Michel Ehrmann and Tim Clausen, where we had determined the structure of a intracellular protease and chaperone called DegQ, a ubiquitous protein with some variations. (lindau-nobel.org)
PGs, molecules which consist of a protein core that is covalently modified with GAG chains, are distributed both to the ECM "proper" associated with the cell membrane as well as located to intracellular compartment. (hindawi.com)

In ON-BC neurons, mGluR6 is scaffolded with the effector channel TRPM1 and the Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) complex. (martemyanovlab.com)

The main challenge for large bone defect repair and regeneration remains the inadequate recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reduced vascularization, and decreased growth factors stimulation within the scaffold construct to support cell viability and tissue growth. (frontiersin.org)

Scaffolds have been proposed to protect activated signaling molecules from inactivation and/or degradation. (wikipedia.org)

Scaffolds may also be catalytic as interaction with signaling proteins may result in allosteric changes of these signaling components. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with the product of Drosophila syd gene, required for the functional interaction of kinesin I with axonal cargo. (wikipedia.org)
To discover the functional significance with the TBK1 PIP interaction, we searched for signaling cascades in which each proteins have a vital part. (heme-oxygenase.com)

We focus on six 'core' effectors that operate in almost all these species - members of the Pak, WASP/WAVE, formin, lipid-kinase, IQGAP and NADPH oxidase families. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene encodes a cytosolic adapter protein that plays a central role in the innate and adaptive immune response. (assaygenie.com)

All these reports highlighted protein-protein interactions as critical driving force of TCR signalling complex formation. (biomedcentral.com)
These interactions are mediated by the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein NYX and orphan receptor GPR179. (martemyanovlab.com)
In addition, the complex is anchored via extracellular interactions involving direct trans-synaptic binding of mGluR6 with a pre-synaptic LRR protein ELFN1, which in turn is scaffolded together with the CaV1.4/a2d4 channel complex controlling glutamate release. (martemyanovlab.com)
1998 ILK is definitely a 50?kDa multi‐website scaffold protein that mediates protein‐protein interactions between ILK‐binding partners (Hannigan et al. (cancer-pictures.org)
Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)

P rotein kinases, on the other hand, have become one of the most important classes of drug targets for the pharmaceutical industry over the last decade, following on from the exploitation of kinase-focused libraries for at least the last two decades. (ddw-online.com)
However, over the same period protein kinases have rapidly become one of the most significant classes of drug targets for the pharmaceutical industry, with the global market for kinase therapies being about US$15 billion per annum in 2010 and this value is predicted to double by 2020 (3). (ddw-online.com)
Target-focused compound libraries have been a key enabling component of the tool kit opening up kinase drug discovery, consisting of collections of compounds designed to interact with a family of related kinase targets (4). (ddw-online.com)
Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking analysis jointly revealed that umbelliferone and scopoletin act on multiple targets, mostly tyrosine kinases, in combating RA. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding host proteins essential for IAV infection can identify targets for alternative host-directed therapies (HDTs). (cdc.gov)

This protein has been shown to interact with and regulate the activity of MAPK8/JNK1 and MAP2K7/MKK7 kinases. (nih.gov)

The first signaling scaffold protein discovered was the Ste5 protein from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (wikipedia.org)

The PAKs (p21 associated kinases) are not MAPKs but participate in the transduction to the JNK cascade are included for this reason. (ibioo.com)

Three distinct domains of Ste5 were shown to associate with the protein kinases Ste11, Ste7, and Fus3 to form a multikinase complex. (wikipedia.org)

Scaffolds localize the signaling reaction to a specific area in the cell, a process that could be important for the local production of signaling intermediates. (wikipedia.org)
Distinct pools of LDs exist, but a pervasive question is how proteins localize to and convey functions to LD subsets. (bvsalud.org)

This signaling cascade consists of the three kinases SteC, MkkB, and MpkB, as well as the SteD adaptor protein and the HamE scaffold. (ku.edu)
The SEM-5 (Grb2) adaptor protein 11 uses its SH2 domain to anchor to LET-23 at phosphorylated tyrosines. (hideyuki-ts.com)

therefore, p50 and p52 homodimers repress transcription unless they are bound to a protein containing a TAD, such as RelA, c-Rel or RelB or Bcl-3 (a related transcriptional co-activator). (abcam.com)
these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the most well examined substrates are transcription elements, specifically c-jun, that comprise the activator proteins-1 (AP-1)(1). (cgp60474.com)
First, the general TFs (GTFs), including preinitiation complex components TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and THIIH, are the primary protein factors that are required for the initiation of transcription from the TATA box (or TATA element), then elongation is executed by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
The genome scale analysis revealed detailed information of the gene structure, distribution and transcription orientations in scaffolds. (biomedcentral.com)

The pheromone receptors have seven hydrophobic segments and are coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. (berkeley.edu)
Signals from cell surface receptors such as GPCRs and growth factor receptors are transduced, directly or via small G proteins such as ras and rac, to multiple tiers of protein kinases that amplify these signals and/or regulate each other. (ibioo.com)
Canonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and LRP5/LRP6 coreceptor to the β-catenin signaling cascade. (aacrjournals.org)
Noncanonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and ROR2/RYK coreceptors to the Dishevelled-dependent (Rho family GTPases and c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase) or the Ca 2+ -dependent (NLK and nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling cascades. (aacrjournals.org)
Noncanonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and ROR2/RYK coreceptors to the DVL-dependent (Rho family GTPases and JNK) or the Ca 2+ -dependent (NLK and NFAT) signaling cascades. (aacrjournals.org)
GAGs and PGs perform multiple functions in specific stages of the metastatic cascade due to their defined structure and ability to interact with both ligands and receptors regulating cancer pathogenesis. (hindawi.com)

We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)

Feliciello, A., Rubin, C. S., Avvedimento, E. V. & Gottesman, M. E. Expression of a kinase anchor protein 121 is regulated by hormones in thyroid and testicular germ cells. (nature.com)
The intensity of expression of each reporter protein is measured in the absence of several transcriptional regulators that compete for the RNA polymerase. (fairdomhub.org)

The present study unravels a new molecular system for vesicle-based axonal transport of proteins in male and female flies (Drosophila melanogaster). (sdbonline.org)

Taken together, our present study identified umbelliferone and scopoletin as two major anti-rheumatic components from SL that may bind and inhibit tyrosine kinases and subsequently inactivate NF-κB in RA-FLSs. (frontiersin.org)

Rho GTPases are small (20-30 kDa) GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)

A particular example of this process is the scaffold, A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs), which target cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to various sites in the cell. (wikipedia.org)

In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. (nature.com)
We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
The encoded protein consists of an N-terminal death domain and a C-terminal Toll-interleukin1 receptor domain. (assaygenie.com)

For a selected set of transcriptional regulators native proteins are fusion-labelled. (fairdomhub.org)

In chromosome folding Chromosome scaffold has important role to hold the chromatin into compact chromosome. (wikipedia.org)

We also detected the binding of endogenous HPIP with NAP1 or TANK/I-TRAF, two scaffold proteins of TBK1 (Figures 1c and d).28,29 HPIP also bound NEMO/IKKg, the scaffold protein with the IKK complicated acting in the classical NF-kB-activating pathways30 (Figure 1d). (heme-oxygenase.com)

We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
These data highlight the importance of membrane protein recycling during development. (sdbonline.org)

These main PG groups are further classified into families according to their gene homology, core protein properties, size, and modular composition. (hindawi.com)

Ubiquitylation describes the covalent attachment of a small 76-amino acid protein, ubiquitin, to other proteins. (ddw-online.com)

Differential roles of JIP scaffold proteins in the modulation of amyloid precursor protein metabolism. (nih.gov)

abstract = "JNK is a nonreceptor kinase involved in the early events that signal cell migration after injury. (uky.edu)

Once energetic JNK finds the mitochondria, the turned on signaling cascade can influence many areas of mitochondrial biology. (cgp60474.com)

Anatomy19

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs158

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science3

MAPK13

Phosphorylation11

Pathways7

Pathway10

Phosphatase6

Specificity3

Plasma membrane7

Regulates6

Serine3

Phosphatases1

Activation11

Genes3

Signal transduction1

Downstream2

Tyrosine kinase2

Substrate3

Neuronal3

Focal2

Intracellular3

Regulator of G-protein Signaling1

Stimulation1

Signaling molecules1

Interaction3

Effectors1

Gene encodes1

Interactions5

Targets5

MKK71

Yeast1

MAPKs1

Fus31

Localize2

Adaptor protein2

Transcription5

Receptors6

Regulate1

Expression2

Vesicle1

Inhibit1

Superfamily1

Cyclic1

Bind1

Interact1

Receptor3

Regulators1

Folding Chro1

NEMO1

Membrane2

Homology1

Ubiquitin1

Modulation1

Abstract1

Mitochondria1