Lck (or lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) is a 56 kDa protein that is found inside specialized cells of the immune system called lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Once ITAM complex is phosphorylated the CD3 chains can be bound by another cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase called ZAP-70. (wikipedia.org)
FN2 is followed by a transmembrane (TM) helix, and an intracellular part consisting of a juxtamembrane (JM) region with several conserved tyrosine (Y) residues, a tyrosine kinase domain, a sterile-α motif (SAM) protein-protein interaction domain, and a C-terminal Psd-95, Dlg and ZO1 domain (PDZ)-binding motif ( Pasquale, 2008 ). (silverchair.com)
Scaffold proteins1
Disordered scaffold proteins provide multivalent landing pads that, via a series of embedded Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs), bring together the components of a complex to orchestrate precise spatial and temporal regulation of cellular processes. (kcl.ac.uk)
Pathways3
GPI-anchored proteins such as neurotrophic factor receptors transduce signals by ligand-induced interactions with transmembrane receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) (Massague, 1996 ), whereas other GPI-anchored molecules such as CD87 (uPAR), CD16B (FcRIIIB), and CD14 (lipopolysaccharide receptor) interact with integrins (Petty and Todd, 1996 ) WF 11899A and appear to transmission via integrin-dependent pathways. (sicollaborative.org)
leads to modifications in mitogen turned on proteins kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways as the 106-126 peptide activates development aspect related signaling pathways including vascular endothelial development aspect (VEGF) signaling as well as the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. (fabretp.org)
In addition, we require that its pathways, leading from the anchors to each of the terminals, are as homogeneous as possible in terms of the conditions, or labels they span. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular3
Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)
Using chimeric proteins in which CD4 is fused to the large intracellular loop of each of the AChR subunits we found that agrin induced clustering of only chimeras containing the β subunit loop. (jneurosci.org)
Each subunit has a large intracellular loop between the third and fourth transmembrane domains that is the likely site for regulated interactions with postsynaptic scaffolding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Receptors3
Trans interactions of Eph receptors with ephrins at cell-cell interfaces promote a variety of cellular responses, including repulsion, attraction and migration. (silverchair.com)
Eph receptors constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (silverchair.com)
Typically, EphA receptors bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI)-linked ephrin A proteins and EphB receptors bind to transmembrane ephrin B proteins. (silverchair.com)
Activates1
After a ligand binds to the GPCR, it activates a heterotrimeric G-protein, which is composed of three subunits: a guanine nucleotide binding α-subunit, and a βγ-heterodimer (98). (pancreapedia.org)
PI3K1
The most important proteins recruited by phosphorylated LAT are Shc-Grb2-SOS, PI3K, and phospholipase C (PLC). (wikipedia.org)
Receptor7
The Lck is a member of Src kinase family (SFK), it is important for the activation of the T-cell receptor signaling in both naive T cells and effector T cells. (wikipedia.org)
One mechanism is the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). (pancreapedia.org)
The receptor protein has seven transmembrane α-helices connected by alternating cytosolic and extracellular loops. (pancreapedia.org)
One such protein is AKAP5 (previously AKAP79), which contains SLiMs that anchor PKA and Calcineurin, and recruit substrate (the TRPV1 receptor). (kcl.ac.uk)
At the neuromuscular junction, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is specifically clustered in the postsynaptic membrane via interactions with rapsyn and other scaffolding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Together, these findings suggest that agrin-induced phosphorylation of the β subunit motif increases the stoichiometry of rapsyn binding to the AChR, thereby helping to stably cluster the receptor and anchor it at high density in the postsynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
Eph and ephrin proteins interact with a number of other ligand/receptor systems to influence how cells translate environmental signals to orchestrate morphogenetic events. (silverchair.com)
Aggregation1
Indeed, we have shown previously that mutation of a tyrosine phosphorylation site in the long cytoplasmic loop of the β subunit impairs agrin-induced cytoskeletal anchoring and aggregation of mutant AChR in muscle cells ( Borges and Ferns, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
Substrate1
Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
Transmembrane protein1
The phosphorylated form of ZAP-70 recruits another molecule in the signaling cascade called LAT (Linker for activation of T cells), a transmembrane protein. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane4
Depending on which family the G protein is, it goes on to activate (G αs protein subunit) or inhibit (G αi protein subunit) the membrane-bound cyclase. (pancreapedia.org)
For measuring kinase activities in membrane vesicles with Thy-1 or WF 11899A Lck uncovered around the vesicle surface, 1 ml of the GPI-enriched membrane pool was diluted twofold with TKM buffer and precleared with 100 l of Pansorbin (Calbiochem) for 30C60 min at 4C with constant mixing. (sicollaborative.org)
The mechanism by which MuSK signaling regulates the interaction of the AChR with scaffolding proteins that localize it in the postsynaptic membrane, however, remain unknown. (jneurosci.org)
At the center of protein-protein interactions are the binding surfaces, or interfacial residues which form contacts between binding partners and stabilize protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
Extracellular1
The ligand-binding site is in the extracellular domain and the cytosolic domain has a heterotrimeric G protein-binding site (127). (pancreapedia.org)
Cyclic1
This cyclic conformation allows cyclic nucleotides to bind to proteins to which other nucleotides cannot. (pancreapedia.org)
Bind1
However, it remains unclear where these proteins bind on the AChR and how the interactions are regulated. (jneurosci.org)
Regulation2
These differences are due to differential regulation by SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (Shp-1) and C-terminal Src kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Protein-protein interactions play important functional roles in almost all biological activities, including, but not restricted to, signal transduction, gene regulation, catalytic enzymatic activities and structural roles [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanism1
While these approaches provide insights into the mechanism of protein-protein recognition, they are not suitable for measuring similarities between a given pair of protein-protein interfaces. (biomedcentral.com)
Spatial1
PCalign is a useful method in recognizing shared chemical and spatial patterns among protein-protein interfaces. (biomedcentral.com)
Family1
This binding leads to the Tec family kinase ITK-mediated PLC-γ1 phosphorylation and activation that consequentially produce calcium (Ca2+) ions mobilization. (wikipedia.org)
Binds1
In the case of CD8+ T cells, once ZAP70 binds CD3, the coreceptor associated with Lck binds the MHC stabilizing the TCR-MHC-peptide interaction. (wikipedia.org)
Interfaces5
Structural comparison of protein-protein interfaces provides valuable insights into the functional relationship between proteins, which may not solely arise from shared evolutionary origin. (biomedcentral.com)
We developed a coarse-grained method, PCalign, to quantitatively evaluate physicochemical similarities between a given pair of protein-protein interfaces. (biomedcentral.com)
The latter is useful for revealing potential biological relationships between different complexes, and a suitable method to directly compare protein-protein interfaces across randomly selected protein complexes and to quantitatively assess their pairwise similarities is highly desirable. (biomedcentral.com)
Gao and Skolnick developed the dynamic programming-based algorithm Ialign [ 10 ] to detect protein-protein interfaces with shared geometric patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
developed I2I-SiteEngine [ 12 ] to compare the physicochemical properties of the functional groups forming protein-protein interfaces, which uses an algorithm similar to pharmacophore mapping. (biomedcentral.com)
Domain1
A fundamental challenge in this domain is the reconstruction of a protein-protein subnetwork that underlies a process of interest from a genome-wide screen of associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Levels1
Using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining, we show that synemin M is present at both mRNA and protein levels in undifferentiated ES cells as early as pluripotency factor Oct-3/4 and IF keratin 8. (biomedcentral.com)
Member1
That PrPC is certainly a member from the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins which implies a potential function in indication transduction. (fabretp.org)
Provide1
Galinter [ 9 ], for one, finds alignment for van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions at an interface, but does not provide a quantitative measure of interface similarity. (biomedcentral.com)
Biology2
Because of the central function of PrPC in these fatal neurodegenerative disorders they have prompted comprehensive investigations from the biology of the widely expressed, conserved protein highly. (fabretp.org)
A fundamental problem in network biology is the reconstruction of a subnetwork that underlies a process of interest by efficiently connecting a set of implicated proteins (e.g. derived by some genome-wide screen) in a network of physical interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Directly1
The sedimented membranes were suspended directly in 25 l of kinase buffer (20 mM MOPS, pH 7.4, and 10 mM MgCl2). (sicollaborative.org)
Networks1
Characterization and classification of protein-protein interactions would allow us to organize information in protein-protein interaction networks, to make predictions on their function, as well as to facilitate drug design targeted at interfering with those disease-associated protein-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Addition1
Kinase assay was set up in a final volume of 50 l and initiated by the addition of 5 Ci of [-32P]ATP (Amersham, 5000 Ci/mmol) in 5 l of kinase buffer. (sicollaborative.org)