• This complex then activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been found that NFAT5 expression, following hyperosmolarity, depends on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in K-Ras and B-Raf activate the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and PAK3 affects the EMT, proliferation, metastasis and invasion of HCC. (jcancer.org)
  • This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • For example RAC and CDC42 share two protein serine-threonine kinase effectors in common - PAK and MLK - and inhibitors for both these kinases have been developed. (sciencepop.org)
  • Another common effector of CDC42 and RAC the mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that translate signals from cell surface receptors to MAPKs. (sciencepop.org)
  • Non-receptor tyrosine-protein and serine/threonine-protein kinase that is implicated in cell spreading and migration, cell survival, cell growth and proliferation. (icr.ac.uk)
  • A serine-threonine kinase that contains a C2 DOMAIN and PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN. (bvsalud.org)
  • The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (umbc.edu)
  • serine/threonine protein kinase family. (ece-inhibitor.com)
  • Activation of p38 MAPK is regulated by Cdc42 and Rac1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Background The RHO family proteins RAC1 CDC42 and RHOA are small GTP-binding proteins that act as molecular switches shifting between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that define functions of RHO GTPases. (sciencepop.org)
  • The three best studied members of the RHO family - RAC1 CDC42 and RHOA - are essential for transformation by activated RAS (3 4 and in the case of RAC1 and RAC2 themselves can be oncogenic drivers in human malignancies (5 6 As with RAS the RHO GTPases have proven difficult to Olmesartan medoxomil target directly with small molecule inhibitors. (sciencepop.org)
  • Vav3 GTP Exchange Factor (GEF) of Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • In vitro GAP activity towards RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 is not a prerequisite for YopE induced HeLa cell cytotoxicity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • It contains one GTPase binding domain (aa 75-105) plus a protein kinase catalytic region (aa 250-521). (rndsystems.com)
  • Many, but not all, of these effectors contain a conserved 18 amino-acid binding motif that has been termed CRIB (Cdc42-Rac interactive binding), PBD (p21-binding domain) or GBD (GTPase-binding domain) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was first identified as an inhibitor of the GTPase activity of GTP-bound Cdc42, but it also promotes cell survival via the phosphorylation of several effector proteins, such as the androgen receptor (AR) and protein kinase B (Akt) . (tocris.com)
  • Results: Pom1 kinase physically interacts with Rga4, which has a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) domain for Rho-family GTPase. (escholarship.org)
  • Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that Rga4 functions as GAP for the Cdc42 GTPase, an evolutionarily conserved regulator of F-actin. (escholarship.org)
  • This process is usually regulated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors GTPase-activating proteins and guanine nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (1). (sciencepop.org)
  • There have been limited successes with molecules that disrupt the binding of guanine nucleotide exchange factors to RAC and CDC42 (7-10) as well as with molecules that disrupt GTPase membrane association (11). (sciencepop.org)
  • In a screen for suppressors of SigD R468A -induced growth arrest by overexpression of a yeast cDNA library, the Cdc42 GTPase was isolated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)
  • The FGD1 protein activates the GTPase known as Cdc42 by stimulating the exchange of GDP for GTP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis of Cdc42 and Rac function in evolutionarily distant organisms is useful as a tool to uncover the basic activities of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A roughly similar number of proteins are recruited to activated Rac [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • During this highly polarized growth, micro-tubules are responsible for the placement of the cell-end marker proteins, the Teal-Tea4/Wsh3 complex, which recruits the Pom1 DYRK-family protein kinase. (escholarship.org)
  • The fact that many Rho family effector proteins will specifically recognize the GTP bound form of the protein has been exploited experimentally to develop a powerful affinity purification assay that monitors Rac and Cdc42 protein activation. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The CRIB/PBD protein motif has been shown to bind specifically to the GTP-bound form of Rac and/or Cdc42 proteins. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The p21 activated kinase (PAK) family of proteins has been identified as a novel target for cancer therapies [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The family of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are oncogenic proteins that regulate critical cellular functions. (endocrine.org)
  • p21 activated kinases (PAKs) the most extensively studied CDC42 and RAC effector proteins consist of two subgroups made up of three members each: group I (PAK1-3) and group II (PAK4-6). (sciencepop.org)
  • Like the other Vav proteins, Vav3 is phosphorylated (activated) following ligand binding to a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases (TKs), including EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, insulin receptor, and insulin-like growth factor I receptor. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Ack subfamily members include Ack1, thirty-eight-negative kinase 1 (Tnk1), and similar proteins. (umbc.edu)
  • GEFs turn on (activate) proteins called GTPases, which play an important role in chemical signaling within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Through its interaction with Vav2, AFAP1L1 regulates Rac activity and downstream control of PAK1/2/3 (p21-activated kinases) phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and MLC2. (nature.com)
  • It is hypothesized that p38 MAPK phosphorylation activates c-Fos and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which bind to AP-1-binding sites and ISRES (Interferon Stimulated Response Element) respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of ERβ by WAY-200070 also resulted in the phosphorylation of p21-activated kinase (PAK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in cultured cortical neurons, suggesting a mechanism for the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. (jneurosci.org)
  • Downstream effector of CDC42 which mediates CDC42-dependent cell migration via phosphorylation of BCAR1. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Inhibition is removed by tyrosine kinase (TK)-mediated phosphorylation of the conserved Tyr174 residue (on Vav3, Tyr173 corresponds to Vav1 Tyr174 based on Vav1 amino acid numbering) in the AC helix. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The availability of alpha -tubulin for microtubule formation is based on the ability of PAK1 to phosphorylate a alpha -tubulin chaperone, tubulin cofactor B. PAK1 is activated following binding to active GTPases which induce PAK autophosphorylation. (rndsystems.com)
  • Further, the contribution of PAK1 to EOPK-induced AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) suppression was assessed by siRNA-mediated PAK1 knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PAK1 is an important effector of Rac and Cdc42 that regulates cell transformation and tumor proliferation [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activated PAK1 enhances cell survival and migration via the AKT pathway, and stimulates transformation through the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The p21-activated kinase PAK3 forms heterodimers with PAK1 in brain implementing trans-regulation of PAK3 activity. (cnrs.fr)
  • Summary diagram of miR-130b /CDC42/PAK1/AP-1 oncogenic, positive feedback loop in Ewing sarcoma. (bcm.edu)
  • Additionally, activated Brx also recruits and physically interacts with JIP4, a p38 MAPK-specific scaffold protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erk3, also known as MAPK6 or p97 MAPK, is almost 50% identical to Erk1/2 at the kinase domain located in its amino-terminal region. (creativebiomart.net)
  • PAKs play central signaling roles in the integrin/CDC42/Rho, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, functioning both as kinases and scaffolds to regulate cell motility, mitosis and proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and other cellular activities. (endocrine.org)
  • Due to their ability to activate multiple MAPK pathways MLKs mediate a variety of biological processes. (sciencepop.org)
  • ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cdc42 and Rac - ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases - mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signaling via ERβ also resulted in activation of a PAK/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) signaling pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • J147 played these roles mainly by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among these effectors are several protein kinases that either are or might be amenable to small molecule inhibition. (sciencepop.org)
  • Pharmacological Inhibition of p-21 Activated Kinase (PAK) Restores Impaired Neurite Outgrowth and Remodeling in a Cellular Model of Down Syndrome. (cnrs.fr)
  • Members of the Ack family are unique in that they are the only tyrosine kinases to have a CRIB domain, for interaction with Cdc42, and an SH3 domain C-terminal to the kinase domain. (tocris.com)
  • CRIB (Cdc42/Rac interactive binding)-GFP microscopy has revealed that GTP-bound, active Cdc42 is concentrated to growing cell ends accompanied by developed F-actin structures, where the Rga4 GAP is excluded. (escholarship.org)
  • The assay uses the Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding (CRIB) region (also called the p21 Binding Domain, PBD) of the Cdc42 / Rac effector protein, p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • This includes the highly conserved CRIB region (aa 74-88) plus sequences required for the high affinity interaction with GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Ack subfamily members are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing an N-terminal catalytic domain, an SH3 domain, a Cdc42-binding CRIB domain, and a proline-rich region. (umbc.edu)
  • Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (Ack1, E.C. 2.7.10.2), also known as TNK2, is a 114 kDa member of the Ack family of mammalian non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) which is activated by multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to perform various roles within the cell. (tocris.com)
  • The kinase activity of Ack1 is regulated via the post-translational modification of several tyrosine residues. (tocris.com)
  • Ack1 is activated by growth factor binding and by homodimerization induced by cell adhesion. (tocris.com)
  • In addition to a catalytic kinase domain, Ack1 contains seven other domains, which are important for substrate recognition, regulation of enzymatic activity, cellular localization and protein-protein interactions. (tocris.com)
  • Background: Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK1) is essential for numerous cellular functions, such as growth, proliferation, and migration. (ebsco.com)
  • ACK1 has been reported to regulate the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL to promote activation of. (sciencepop.org)
  • RHO-A has a distinct set of effector kinases including the ROCK CITRON Olmesartan medoxomil and PRK1 all of which regulate cellular processes that contribute to tumorigenesis invasion and metastasis (12). (sciencepop.org)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In human breast epithelial cells Wnt-5a activates the canonical b-catenin pathway as well as the non-canonical Ca2+/calmodulin and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. (lu.se)
  • AFAP1L1 intersects several invadopodia pathway components through its multiple domains and motifs, including the following (i) pleckstrin homology domains that bind phospholipids generated at the plasma membrane by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, (ii) a direct filamentous-actin binding domain and (iii) phospho-tyrosine motifs (pY136 and pY566) that specifically bind Vav2 and Nck2 SH2 domains, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Non-canonical WNT signaling can be initiated by WNT conversation with Frizzled receptors, or RYK and ROR receptor tyrosine kinases, and regulates small GTPases (such as RhoA, Rac and Cdc42) in DVL-dependent manner. (icsv20.org)
  • also alpha -PAK and p65-PAK) is both a cytoplasmic and nuclear 58-60 kDa member of PAK group I, STE20 subfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family of molecules. (rndsystems.com)
  • Activated CDC42 kinase (ACK or TNK2) is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to and is activated by CDC42 (22). (sciencepop.org)
  • Part of a collagen stimulated complex involved in cell migration composed of CDC42, CRK, TNK2 and BCAR1/p130cas. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Forms complexes with GRB2 and numerous receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) including LTK, AXL or PDGFRL, in which GRB2 promotes RTK recruitment by TNK2. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The basic signaling properties of two major subgroups of Rho GTPases - the Cdc42 and Rac subfamilies - are highly conserved amongst all eukaryotes, but the means by which they act are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In an effort to understand the fundamental signaling elements, or 'core machinery', required for the function of these GTPases, we describe here the conservation and functional similarities of Cdc42 and Rac effectors in five different species: plant, yeast, fruit fly, roundworm and human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This broad distribution across widely divergent eukaryotic species suggests that Cdc42 and Rac GTPases have an ancient origin, perhaps even predating that of their cousin Ras. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RHO GTPases members of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases are adhesion and growth-factor activated molecular switches that play important roles in tumor development and progression. (sciencepop.org)
  • Although inhibitors of RHO GTPases and their downstream signaling kinases have not yet been widely adopted for clinical use their potential value as cancer therapeutics continues to facilitate Olmesartan medoxomil pharmaceutical research and development and is a promising therapeutic strategy. (sciencepop.org)
  • Noncanonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and ROR2/RYK coreceptors to the Dishevelled-dependent (Rho family GTPases and c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase) or the Ca 2+ -dependent (NLK and nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling cascades. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It is concluded that the Salmonella SigD protein deprived of its phosphatase activity is able to disrupt yeast morphogenesis by interfering with Cdc42 function, opening the possibility that the SigD N-terminal region might directly modulate small GTPases from the host during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • GTPases are turned off (inactivated) when they are attached (bound) to a molecule called GDP and are turned on (activated) when they are bound to another molecule called GTP. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We focus on six 'core' effectors that operate in almost all these species - members of the Pak, WASP/WAVE, formin, lipid-kinase, IQGAP and NADPH oxidase families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this article, we focus on the signaling mechanisms of two of these three subgroups, Cdc42 and Rac, as they are often linked in their physiological functions and have several effectors in common. (biomedcentral.com)
  • their downstream protein kinase effectors. (sciencepop.org)
  • CDC42 also has distinct kinase effectors such as MRCK and the tyrosine kinase ACK and these kinases too might provide suitable drug targets in cancer. (sciencepop.org)
  • By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, Erk3 is distinguished from other MAP kinases in that it lacks the conserved TXY motif in its activation loop, poss Encodes a nuclear and cytoplasmically localized MAP kinase involved in mediating responses to pathogens. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Activation of cAMP protein kinase A (PKA) stimulates pigmentation through cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) dependent upregulation of MITF expression ( Rodríguez and Setaluri, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The assay therefore provides a simple means of quantitating Rac or Cdc42 activation in cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • And third, SigD caused strong activation of the yeast MAP kinase Slt2, whereas SigD R468A rather inactivated another MAP kinase, Kss1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Non-canonical WNT signaling can also activate calcium flux and kinase cascades, including protein kinase C (PKC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to the activation of AP1- and NFAT-regulated gene expression 25-27. (icsv20.org)
  • The latter involves Src, the RhoGTPase Cdc42 and JNK and was shown to counteract the NFAT activation induced by the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway. (lu.se)
  • Oshima T, Fujino T, Ando K, Hayakawa M. Role of FGD1, a Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, in epidermal growth factor-stimulated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation and cell migration. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Interacts with EGFR, and this interaction is dependent on EGF stimulation and kinase activity of EGFR. (icr.ac.uk)
  • p21-Activated kinase 3 (PAK3) protein regulates synaptic transmission through its interaction with the Nck2/Grb4 protein adaptor. (cnrs.fr)
  • Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Activated Cdc42-associated kinase. (umbc.edu)
  • We have identified a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to the invadopodia to regulate sarcoma cell invasion via the molecule AFAP-1-like-1 (AFAP1L1), a new member of the AFAP (actin filament-associated protein) family. (nature.com)
  • These data define a novel pathway that directs Lyn/Src family tyrosine kinase signals to sarcoma cell invadopodia through specific recruitment of Vav2 and Nck2 to phosphorylated AFAP1L1, to control cell migration and invasion. (nature.com)
  • The product of this gene is a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (embl.de)
  • Wnts are a family of genes that have been implicated in many human tumours, so far mainly studied in colorectal cancer where activated Wnt signalling occurs in a vast majority of tumours. (lu.se)
  • Interacts with AR, CDC42, WWASL and WWOX. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Interacts with CSPG4 (activated). (icr.ac.uk)
  • Interacts (via kinase domain) with AKT1. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Fgd1, the Cdc42 GEF responsible for Faciogenital Dysplasia, directly interacts with cortactin and mAbp1 to modulate cell shape. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Rho subfamily is divided in three main subgroups - Cdc42, Rac, and Rho - examples of which are represented in all eukaryotes from plants to man. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present invention also relates to use of the derivatives and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition comprising the same in the preparation of therapeutic agents, in particular Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and preparing a medicament for treating and/or preventing tumors and inflammatory associated diseases. (justia.com)
  • Identification of Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents Using Pharmacoinformatic Approaches. (ebsco.com)
  • However, mutational inactivation of Rga4 allows Cdc42 to be active at both ends of Delta pom1 cells, suggesting that mislocalization of Rga4 in the Delta pom1 mutant contributes to its monopolar phenotype. (escholarship.org)
  • The molecular basis of p21-activated kinase-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: From genotype to phenotype. (cnrs.fr)
  • Restitution of Wnt-5a signalling in breast tumour cells confer better adhesion and ability to activate DDR1 as well as a less malignant-looking phenotype. (lu.se)
  • Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
  • Once Cdc42 is active, it transmits signals that are critical for various aspects of development before and after birth, particularly the development of bones. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Altering the transmission of Cdc42 signals likely impairs normal development of bones and other tissues, resulting in the wide variety of abnormalities that occur in people with Aarskog-Scott syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although the precise mechanism by which osmotic stress is sensed by the cell is unclear, it has been suggested that Brx, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) localized near the plasma membrane, is activated by osmotic stress through changes in the cytoskeleton structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternatively, Brx may also be activated through changes in its interactions with possible osmosensor molecules at the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The monopolar Delta pom1 mutant fails to eliminate Rga4 from the nongrowing cell end, resulting in monopolar distribution of GTP-Cdc42 to the growing cell end. (escholarship.org)
  • Conclusions: Pom1 kinase recruited to cell ends by the Tea1-Tea4/Wsh3 complex is essential for proper localization of a GAP for Cdc42, Rga4, which ensures bipolar localization of GTP-bound, active Cdc42. (escholarship.org)
  • Because of the established role of Cdc42 in F-actin formation, these observations provide a new insight into how the microtubule system achieves localized formation of F-actin to generate cell polarity. (escholarship.org)
  • The fact that the PBD region of PAK has a high affinity for both GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42 and that PAK binding results in a significantly reduced intrinsic and catalytic rate of hydrolysis of both Rac and Cdc42 make it an ideal tool for affinity purification of GTP-Rac and GTP-Cdc42 from cell lysates. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The SH3-SH2-SH3 C-terminal domains bind directly with the auto-phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of the receptor TKs while the B- and T-cell receptors activate cytosolic TKs. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Overexpressed Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM) Deregulates P21-Activated Kinase (PAK) Activity in an In Vitro Neuronal Model of Down Syndrome: Consequences on Cell Process Formation and Extension. (cnrs.fr)
  • Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5, also known as NFAT5 and sometimes TonEBP, is a human gene that encodes a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the osmotic stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding to these sites consequently activates the transcription of target genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the next years, research of genetics delineating the romantic relationships among portion polarity mutations mapped out the primary from the WNT/Wg indication transduction cascade by determining Porcupine (PORC), disheveled (DVL), armadillo (-catenin), and zeste-white 3/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) genes 5-8. (icsv20.org)
  • The PAK-PBD is in the form of a GST fusion protein, which allows one to "pull-down" the PAK-PBD/GTP-Rac (or GTP-Cdc42) complex with glutathione affinity beads. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Fgd1, the Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor responsible for faciogenital dysplasia, is localized to the subcortical actin cytoskeleton and Golgi membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor FGD1 regulates osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Protein kinase domain-containing protein (SMED30005629) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of Protein kinase domain-containing protein (SMED30005629) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Protein kinase domain-containing protein (SMED30005629) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. (embl.de)
  • Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
  • Sharma S, Findlay GM, Bandukwala HS, Oberdoerffer S, Baust B, Li Z, Schmidt V, Hogan PG, Sacks DB , Rao A. Dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor is regulated by an RNA-protein scaffold complex. (nih.gov)
  • Requirement of Cdc42 for Salmonella typhimurium -induced cytoskeletal reorganization and nuclear responses in cultured cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)