Killer cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In contrast to NKT cells, NK cells do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptors, but they usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD57 in humans, NK1.1 or NK1.2 in C57BL/6 mice. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to natural killer cells being effectors of innate immunity, both activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors play important functional roles, including self tolerance and the sustaining of NK cell activity. (wikipedia.org)
Human dNK cell function is differentially regulated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy. (nih.gov)
It's called triple-negative breast cancer because the cancer cells in TNBC don't have receptors for the hormones estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR). (cancer.org)
NK-cells are defined as large granular lymphocytes that do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or Pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptor but that usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56 in humans, and NK1.1/NK1.2 in certain strains of mice. (wikidoc.org)
Aside from the Fc receptor, Natural Killer cells express a variety of receptors that serve to either activate or suppress their cytolytic activity. (wikidoc.org)
These receptors bind to various ligands on target cells, both endogenous and exogenous, and have an important role in regulating the NK-cell response. (wikidoc.org)
Most of these receptors are not unique to NK cells and can be present in other T cell subsets as well. (wikidoc.org)
These inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I alleles , which could explain why NK cells kill cells possessing low levels of MHC class I molecules. (wikidoc.org)
In the research part we will deal with the basic principles of the innate immune defense used to control tumors and viral infections with a focus on NK and NK/T cells, including analysis of NK receptor genomics/epigenetics, gene polymorphisms/disease linkage, differentiation of hitherto unrecognized NK cell subpopulations and novel ligands for NK receptors exposed by tumor and/or virally infected cells. (europa.eu)
The project will support anti-tumor and anti-viral therapies by developing novel technology for NK cell generation from cord blood stem cells for NK cell infusions in patients, by genetic engineering of NK cells and by using NK receptors and their ligands to develop novel reagents for amplifying anti-tumor and -viral activities of NK/T cells. (europa.eu)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
They can be activated rapidly via germ-line encoded receptors that recognize the presence of stress ligands or absence of self-antigens on target cells ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Statistical comparison of all inhibitory and activating killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) between controls, survivors, and persons who died of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 2015-2017. (cdc.gov)
The therapeutic candidate comprises of NK cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) targeting cells expressing CD123. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells, with inhibitory and activating receptors, play unique roles in AXR by promoting graft rejection or tolerance. (iupui.edu)
Results and conclusions: Compared to Gleason 6 patients, a reduced expression of NK cell activating receptors (NKp30, NKp46, 2B4) was observed as the Gleason grade of the patients increased. (ntu.ac.uk)
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor - Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIRs), are a family of cell surface proteins found on important cells of the immune system called natural killer (NK) cells. (en-academic.com)
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor - Die killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (kurz KIR oder KIR Rezeptoren) sind Rezeptoren, die hauptsächlich in der Plasmamembran von natürlichen Killerzellen (NK Zellen) vorkommen, also einen Teil des Immunsystems von Säugetieren darstellen. (en-academic.com)
The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. (uams.edu)
On the other hand, other ligands, such as HLA, bind to inhibitory receptors NKG2A and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to inhibit NK cells, providing a form of protection for self-cells from innate immunity. (molcells.org)
Thus, the overall response of an NK cell depends on the balance of stimulating these different receptors. (molcells.org)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
Candidate natural Killer cell receptors. (bvsalud.org)

NK cells provide rapid responses to virus-infected cell and other intracellular pathogens acting at around 3 days after infection, and respond to tumor formation. (wikipedia.org)
that is, a certain population of cells seemed to be able to lyse tumor cells without having been previously sensitized to them. (wikipedia.org)
The first published study to assert that untreated lymphoid cells were able to confer a natural immunity to tumors was performed by Dr. Henry Smith at the University of Leeds School of Medicine in 1966, leading to the conclusion that the "phenomenon appear[ed] to be an expression of defense mechanisms to tumor growth present in normal mice. (wikipedia.org)
Kiessling's research involved the well-characterized ability of T lymphocytes to lyse tumor cells against which they had been previously immunized. (wikipedia.org)
An ACS-funded researcher learns how cells that typically kill infected and diseased cells switch sides in the tumor microenvironment to help TNBC grow. (cancer.org)
The tumor microenvironment consists of a variety of cells, a meshwork of fibers, and blood vessels that surround a tumor. (cancer.org)
Compared to the microenvironment of other subtypes of breast cancer, the microenvironment around a triple-negative tumor has a large number of immune cells. (cancer.org)
These nearby immune cells seem to help the tumor grow and become resistant to drugs. (cancer.org)
NKT cells are a unique group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and Natural Killer cells, which are naturally toxic to other cells and typically target tumor cells or cells infected with viruses. (sciencedaily.com)
MHC class I molecules consist of the main mechanism by which cells display viral or tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells. (wikidoc.org)
HCC cell death, and natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytotoxicity were assessed in vitro after treatment with the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). The effect of TLR3 on the tumor parenchyma and infiltrating immune cells was investigated in a spontaneous liver tumor mouse model and a transplanted tumor mouse model (n = 3-9 mice per group). (nih.gov)
In vivo, poly(I:C) treatment increased intratumoral chemokine expression, NK-cell activation and tumor infiltration, and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating T and NK cells. (nih.gov)
Proliferation of tumor parenchyma cells was decreased. (nih.gov)
TLR3 expression in patient samples correlated with NK-cell activation, NK- and T-cell tumor infiltration, and inversely correlated with tumor parenchyma cell viability. (nih.gov)
This will include the investigation of the role of NK/T cell subpopulations in the defense against tumors and infections by herpes virus family members, some being involved in tumor formation, in the development of inflammatory diseases and/or constituting a frequent complication during tumor therapy. (europa.eu)
However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
TriNKETs are activators of the innate and adaptive immune systems, recruiting NK and cytotoxic T cells into the tumor microenvironment. (gilead.com)
The target of DF7001 is 5T4, a protein expressed on cancer cells and stromal cells that support tumor growth associated with poor prognosis in several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). (gilead.com)
DF7001 has the potential to trigger the killing of 5T4+ expressing cells, including tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer stem cells. (gilead.com)
Notably, three Fc‑fused TaKEs were designed, TaKE1‑Fc, TaKE2‑Fc and TaKE3‑Fc, using variable fragments targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor on tumor cells, CD3 on T cells, and CD16 on NK cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Ferrini S, Cambiaggi A, Cantoni C, Canevari S, Mezzanzanica D, Colnaghi MI and Moretta L: Targeting of T or NK lymphocytes against tumor cells by bispecific monoclonal antibodies: Role of different triggering molecules. (spandidos-publications.com)
New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
Natural killer cells release a toxic chemical called interferon to destroy tumor cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Readers of this report can view an online video of natural killer cells destroying tumor cells by clicking on the graphic below. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
An expert in cancer therapy says natural killer cell therapy would be far more economical and would not rely on antibody production to abolish tumor cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
One of those cells replicated more than all others, and its descendants eradicated 5 pounds of tumor cells! (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Researchers find higher levels of the iron-storage protein ferritin accelerates tumor cell growth . (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Background Tumor infiltrating NK (TINK) cells are present and linked to prognosis in many solid tumors. (bmj.com)
1 While these cells may have potent antitumor effector function, they are thought to be dysfunctional in the tumor microenvironment (TME). (bmj.com)
While most TINKs and TILs were able to kill autologous tumor and resulted in increased Granzyme B expression, we surprisingly found that the number of TINKs (NKp46+) was positively corelated with tumor killing, with pure cultures of NKp46+ cells resulting in complete and efficient tumor elimination. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, the percentage of CD5+ T cells was negatively corelated with tumor killing. (bmj.com)
Compared with the less potent TIL cultures composed of mainly CD5+ T cells, NKp46+ TINKs secreted significantly higher T1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF) after co-cultured with tumor. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Our results demonstrated that functional TINKs can be efficiently expanded from canine sarcoma tumor tissue with little NK cell infiltration seen by immunohistochemistry. (bmj.com)
any of several types of lymphocyte or leukocyte capable of destroying cells that have acquired foreign characteristics, as a tumor cell or virus-infected cell. (en-academic.com)
Unlike primary NK cells, those prepared from iPSCs can be prepared with a homogeneous quality and are easily modified to exert a desired response to tumor cells. (molcells.org)
Furthermore, T cells and NK cells complement each other in that certain immune suppression mechanisms taken by tumor cells that are effective against T cells, such as the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), have proven to be stimulatory for NK cells. (molcells.org)

This emerging cell-based immunotherapy is highly-specific to the cells responsible for Alzheimer's, avoids drug resistance, has long-lasting results, and has fewer side effects than drug counterparts," Lakhan said. (medscape.com)
The presence of immune cells in the microenvironment suggests that immunotherapy may be effective against TNBC. (cancer.org)
NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
His mentor, Dr. Jeffrey S. Miller, is a world-renowned NK cell immunotherapy expert with vast experience in clinical approaches targeting myeloid leukemias using NK cells. (dtic.mil)
Immunotherapy is about to supplant chemotherapy that harms healthy cells as well as malignant cells and can often lead to the early demise of cancer patients before their tumors induce death. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The ability of malignant cells to escape destruction by the immune system is a major problem that impairs even the most advanced forms of immunotherapy now under rapid development by pharmaceutical and biotech companies. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging tool for cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
The memory killer cells have been shown to respond to immunotherapy, a Nobel Prize-winning cancer therapy involving the tweaking/activation of the immune system. (technologynetworks.com)
Finding out how these cells develop enables us to contribute to the development of more efficacious immunotherapy for diseases like melanoma. (technologynetworks.com)
The researchers now aim to harness their findings to optimise the immunotherapy-induced T-cell response to make it even better at eliminating cancer cells in tissues. (technologynetworks.com)
These results offer better understanding of the competition between T-cells and cancer cells, toward personalized immunotherapy regimens. (utu.fi)

It is believed that NK cells, in turn, evolved as an evolutionary response to this adaption, as the loss of the MHC would deprive these cells of the inhibitory effect of MHC and render these cells vulnerable to NK-cell mediated lysis. (wikidoc.org)
The resulting TaKE1 exhibited trispecificity via its ability to bind cancer cells, T cells and NK cells, as well as comparable or greater cancer growth inhibitory effects to those of two bispecific antibodies that recruit T cells and NK cells, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
Association of inhibitory NKG2A and activating NKG2D natural killer cell receptor genes with resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a western Indian population. (bvsalud.org)

Typically, immune cells detect the antigen presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing the death of the infected cell by lysis or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
They were named "natural killers" because of the notion that they do not require activation to kill cells that are missing "self" markers of MHC class I. This role is especially important because harmful cells that are missing MHC I markers cannot be detected and destroyed by other immune cells, such as T lymphocyte cells. (wikipedia.org)
It has historically been difficult to get immune cells to access the privileged immunological environment of the brain," Lakhan explained. (medscape.com)
However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
As evidence Dr. June points to a successful case where a patient was infused with many genetically engineered immune cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
This includes the body's own cells that are infected with viruses, and other immune cells that inappropriately attack our own body (autoimmune cells). (trishmsresearch.org.au)
Aim and hypothesis: Evading immune destruction is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer, as part of which tumours create an immunosuppressive microenvironment which has the potential to modify the phenotype and function of immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. (ntu.ac.uk)

NK cells are unique, however, as they have the ability to recognize and kill stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a much faster immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)
NK-cells, along with macrophages and several other cell types, express the FcR molecule, an activating biochemical receptor that binds the Fc portion of antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
however, differences in the populations of these cells in individual tumors limit the general use of these antibodies. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, trispecific antibodies were created, namely T cell and NK cell engagers (TaKEs), that recruit both T cells and NK cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Kamakura D, Asano R and Yasunaga M: T cell bispecific antibodies: An antibody-based delivery system for inducing antitumor immunity. (spandidos-publications.com)
Asano R, Kuroki Y, Honma S, Akabane M, Watanabe S, Mayuzumi S, Hiyamuta S, Kumagai I and Sode K: Comprehensive study of domain rearrangements of single-chain bispecific antibodies to determine the best combination of configurations and microbial host cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
Current research strategies aiming to prevent, control or eradicate HIV emphasize the adaptive arm of the immune system, harnessing effector functions of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, B cells and antibodies to attack HIV and HIV-infected cells. (nih.gov)
The elimination of major xenoantigens in pig cells prevents hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR), driven by preformed antibodies. (iupui.edu)
Targeted antibodies that prevent leukaemia stem cells from multiplying while attracting the natural killer cells of the body, which in turn send a death signal to the diseased stem cell. (lu.se)
This receptor, called (IL1RAP), cannot be found on healthy blood stem cells, which opens up the possibility for a selective attack on the diseased stem cells using antibodies. (lu.se)
Studies have shown that by targeting antibodies against IL1RAP, they will attach themselves to the receptor, and thereby inhibit cell growth. (lu.se)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)

Pross and Jondal were studying cell-mediated cytotoxicity in normal human blood and the effect of the removal of various receptor-bearing cells on this cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Distinct receptor-ligand interactions and distinct cytokine milieus lead to the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)
These studies have identified LY49H as the MCMV-specific activating NK cell receptor and m157 as the cognate viral ligand recognized by LY49H. (nature.com)
Lessons learned from the study of NK cell memory could help with the design of better expansion protocols for adoptive NK cell therapy, for the manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells and for improving NK cell-based therapies that rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nature.com)
KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)
SNK01, being developed by NKGen Biotech, is an autologous, nongenetically modified NK cell product that has enhanced cytotoxicity and activating receptor expression. (medscape.com)
heterodimers) - a C-type lectin family receptor, conserved in both rodents and primates and identifies non-classical (also non-polymorphic) MHC I molecules like HLA E . Though indirect, this is a way to survey the levels of classical (polymorphic) HLA molecules, however, because expression of HLA-E at the cell surface is dependent upon the presence of classical MHC class I leader peptides. (wikidoc.org)
We hypothesize that human NK cells that have been clonally expanded by pathogen exposure can be identified by the CD57 marker and that NK cell that have responded to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) will preferentially express the activating NKG2C receptor. (ucsf.edu)
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor - (also called killer inhibitor receptor Lippincott s Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. (en-academic.com)
The research team has discovered a type of receptor - a protein, located on the surface of the AML stem cells - which sends out signals. (lu.se)
Once the antibody has become attached to the receptor, it activates the body's natural immune system and attracts killer cells that are part of our immune system. (lu.se)
T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)

Cancer charities and experts gave the research a cautious welcome, but said a similar treatment method - adoptive T cell therapy - was further advanced. (scotsman.com)
Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
The main challenge for the success of this approach is to obtain a great quantity of activated NK cells for adoptive transfer. (springer.com)
In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the latest arsenal in the battle against cancer. (molcells.org)

Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells or large granular lymphocytes (LGL), are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system that belong to the rapidly expanding family of known innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and represent 5-20% of all circulating lymphocytes in humans. (wikipedia.org)
NK cells differentiate from CD127+ common innate lymphoid progenitor, which is downstream of the common lymphoid progenitor from which B and T lymphocytes are also derived. (wikipedia.org)
The focus of the present review is directed towards the role of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes, NK (natural killer) cells and NKT cells (NK T-cells). (nih.gov)
The team from the RIKEN Research Centre for Allergy and Immunology said they had created cancer-specific, immune system cells called killer T lymphocytes, from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) - those which have been artificially extracted from adult cells. (scotsman.com)
They achieved this by reprogramming T lymphocytes that specialise in killing a certain type of skin cancer, into iPS cells. (scotsman.com)
This led to iPS cells to generate fully active, cancer-specific T lymphocytes, which could potentially be used for future cancer treatment. (scotsman.com)
This test evaluates several important types of T-lymphocytes which are critical immune response, CD4 + , aka T helper cells, CD8 + , aka cytotoxic T cells (note: does not measure suppressor cells as the old terminology name seems to imply) and natural killer cells. (lifeextension.com)
CD4 + , CD8 + , and natural killer cells are types of T-lymphocytes that are necessary for healthy immune function and our ability to fend off microbial invaders such as virus, bacteria and parasites, as well as to clear cells that have undergone damage and pose a cancer risk. (lifeextension.com)
Originating from bone marrow, natural killer cells comprise about 15% of all circulating white blood cells (aka lymphocytes). (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. (uams.edu)
A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type. (uams.edu)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
Accurate and reliable measures of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells) are essential to the assessment of the immune system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons (1-3). (cdc.gov)
and the percentage of lymphocytes that are CD4+ T-cells. (cdc.gov)
The CDC guidelines concerning CD4+ T-cell determinations (33) were first published in the MMWR in 1992 to provide laboratorians with the most complete information about how to measure CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood from HIV-infected persons by using flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)
It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement. (bvsalud.org)

NK cells also play a role in the adaptive immune response: numerous experiments have demonstrated their ability to readily adjust to the immediate environment and formulate antigen-specific immunological memory, fundamental for responding to secondary infections with the same antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokine-induced memory NK cells can be generated by exposure to inflammatory cytokines even in the absence of a defined antigen. (nature.com)
First, similarly to T cells and B cells, NK cells can exert immunological memory after encounters with stimuli such as haptens or viruses, resulting in the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)
Second, NK cells can remember inflammatory cytokine milieus that imprint long-lasting non-antigen-specific NK cell effector function. (nature.com)
They serve to contain viral infections while the adaptive immune response is generating antigen -specific cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection. (wikidoc.org)
NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
We have developed a simple, liposome-based approach to generate multivalent carbohydrate vaccines, and in place of an antigenic peptide or protein, we have used a potent antigen for natural killer T cells. (rsc.org)
NK cell tolerance occurs naturally in utero where human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and HLA-G are present. (iupui.edu)
The Lymphocyte Interaction Laboratory was the first team to establish a role for a group of macrophages in acquiring antigen and presenting intact antigen to follicular B cells in lymph nodes in vivo . (labbulletin.com)
Imaris was also able to demonstrate the confinement of the iNKT cells in the vicinity of the CD169+ macrophages following administration of particulate lipid antigen by reconstructing the lymph nodes in three dimensions. (labbulletin.com)
NK CELLS are not antigen specific. (uams.edu)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)

NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)

The name of this test is based on older immunology nomenclature used by LabCorp (i.e. suppressor T cells). (lifeextension.com)
Researchers now say the emerging field of nutritional immunology should focus on natural killer cells for both cancer prevention and treatment. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

NK cells play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses . (wikidoc.org)
There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
NK cell engagers represent a novel mechanism with the potential to address a broad range of cancers, including potential for activity in checkpoint resistant and refractory tumors, as well as other disease areas such as inflammation. (gilead.com)
It is being developed based on OmniRat transgenic animal platform.Sugemalimab (Cejemly) is under development for the treatment of solid tumors including endometrial cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (globaldata.com)

These NK cells demonstrate significant cytotoxic activity against human AML and ALL cell lines and patient leukemia blasts. (biologynews.net)
NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
Hence, we established a two-phase expansion protocol with IL-15 to induce an early NK cell expansion, followed by short exposure to IL-21 that boosted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against RMS cells. (frontiersin.org)

The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
FOSTER CITY, Calif. & WALTHAM, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: GILD) and Dragonfly Therapeutics today announced a collaboration designed to advance a number of Dragonfly's novel natural killer (NK) cell engager-based immunotherapies for oncology and inflammation indications. (gilead.com)
Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)
Among PSCs, the donors available for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are greatest, providing a potentially universal cell source for all types of cell therapies including cancer immunotherapies using natural killer (NK cells). (molcells.org)
There already exist several protocols to genetically modify and differentiate iPSCs into NK cells, and each has its own advantages with regards to immunotherapies. (molcells.org)
In this short review, we detail the benefits of using iPSCs in NK cell immunotherapies and discuss the challenges that must be overcome before this approach becomes mainstream in the clinic. (molcells.org)

Our study of autoimmunity in PBC showed that NKT cells react to glycosphingolipid antigens, which promote cell attraction and immune response and are located in the bacterial cell wall of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. (sciencedaily.com)
The autoimmune process was mediated by T cells (a white blood cell important to immune response), but early disease onset required the participation of Natural Killer T cells after they selectively recognized glycosphingolipid antigens on the cell wall surface of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans. (sciencedaily.com)

Natural Killer - or NK - cells are one of our immune systems most potent defenses, able to attack viral infections and destroy cells that exhibit tumorigenic characteristics. (uctv.tv)
The expanded NK cells were significantly more potent than unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated NK cells against acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)

Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)

Three main types of NK cell memory exist, namely hapten-specific NK cell memory, virus-specific NK cell memory and cytokine-induced NK cell memory. (nature.com)
For example, hapten-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver, influenza virus-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver and lung, and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-specific NK cells and cytokine-induced memory NK cells are systemically distributed. (nature.com)
As the cord blood is expanded to multiply in number, the NK cells are given a cytokine, interleukin-2, and a target cell, K562, which keep the NK cells active throughout the three week expansion. (biologynews.net)
This is achieved through the early control of cytomegalovirus, which dramatically reduces the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) for cytokine production, preserves the conventional dendritic cell (cDC) compartment, and accelerates antiviral CD8 T cell responses. (uni-muenchen.de)
Thus, the extent to which NK cell responses benefit the host goes beyond their direct antiviral effects and extends to the prevention of innate cytokine shock and to the promotion of adaptive immunity. (uni-muenchen.de)
In these studies, the research team successfully used Imaris to visualize the long-standing interactions between CD169+ macrophages and iNKT cells and found very fast iNKT activation and cytokine secretion. (labbulletin.com)

Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
NK cell degranulation was accessed by the percentage of CD107a expression in the CD3-CD56+population. (iupui.edu)
Job satisfaction did not correlate with numbers of T (CD3+CD56-) and B (CD19+) cells in both women and men. (cdc.gov)
The percentage of CD56(bright) cells was significantly higher than the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)
The frequency of CD3+CD56- T cells was significantly lower in both the chronic and resolved groups compared to the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)

Natural killer cells (or NK cells ) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)
killer cell - noun Physiology a T lymphocyte which destroys infected or cancerous cells and parasites. (en-academic.com)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)

In this issue of the JCI, two independent groups of researchers have simultaneously identified the genetic cause of a human NK cell deficiency as mutation in the MCM4 gene, encoding minichromosome maintenance complex component 4. (jci.org)
Expressing HLA-E/G in xenografts may provide immune protection from human NK cell cytotoxicity. (iupui.edu)
Methods: This study aims to demonstrate the use of HLA class I molecules in inducing human NK cell tolerance. (iupui.edu)
Conclusion and Impacts: Co-expression of HLA-E and HLA-G in 5GKO pECs significantly reduced human NK cell degranulation, compared to 5GKO.HLA-E, 5GKO.HLA-G, and 5GKO pECs. (iupui.edu)
We propose experiments to define the functional properties and transcriptional signature of these human NK cell populations to obtain pre inary results to demonstrate feasibility for a major NIH grant on this subject. (ucsf.edu)

Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
NK cells were obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers. (springer.com)
Genetically modified pECs were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for E:T ratio of 10:1 for 2 hours. (iupui.edu)

This allows Natural Killer cells to target cells against which a humoral response has been mobilized and to lyse cells through Antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) . (wikidoc.org)
A functional trispecific antibody with the potential to exert strong therapeutic effects independent of T cell and NK cell populations was developed. (spandidos-publications.com)
T-helper cells (CD4 + ) play a critical immune role by activating our B-cell antibody production in response to extracellular pathogens and activating our macrophages in response to intracellular pathogens. (lifeextension.com)
Because natural killer cells directly destroy invading viruses and malignant cells rather than rely on antibody production such as with anti-cancer vaccines. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Transfected cells were stained with HLA-E and/or HLA-G antibody. (iupui.edu)
Computer artwork of an antibody or immunoglobulin molecule attacking a leukaemia white blood cell. (lu.se)
The antibody locates IL1RAP on its own, then blocks the signal, causing the cell to grow at a slower pace. (lu.se)
The killer cells are drawn to the antibody because it has indicated that something is wrong inside the body and, in turn, the killer cells send out a death signal to the AML stem cell. (lu.se)

Why focus on natural killer (NK) cells when there are also other important white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells (thymus cells)? (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Now, they have identified a novel role for CD169+ macrophages in activating Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells. (labbulletin.com)

In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

This system allowed us to demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that NK cells accelerate CD8 T cell responses against a viral infection in vivo. (uni-muenchen.de)
The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols are currently being developed. (frontiersin.org)
In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
In summary, this two-phased feeder cell-free ex vivo culturing protocol combined efficient expansion and high cytolytic functionality of NK cells for treatment of radiation-resistant RMS. (frontiersin.org)
In vivo development and survival of NK cells require cytokines ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

NK cells are known to differentiate and mature in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus, where they then enter into the circulation. (wikipedia.org)
MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)
However, the AML stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow and are responsible for producing cancer cells, are hard to affect. (lu.se)

NK cells operate differently from T cells, leaving normal cells alone while targeting and killing the cancerous cells. (biologynews.net)
To date, diverse immunotherapeutic modalities have been accepted as viable strategies for eliminating cancerous cells. (frontiersin.org)

The basic concepts derived from studying NK cell memory provide new insights about innate immunity and could lead to novel strategies to improve treatments for infectious diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
NK cells are a component of the innate immune system identified in animals as serving an essential role in antiviral immunity. (jci.org)
A common evolutionary adaption to this seen in both intracellular microbes and tumours is a chronic down-regulation of these MHC I molecules, rendering the cell impervious to T-cell mediated immunity. (wikidoc.org)
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
Job satisfaction is associated with elevated natural killer cell immunity among healthy white-collar employees. (cdc.gov)
This study investigates the association of job satisfaction with cell-mediated immunity among Japanese white-collar daytime workers. (cdc.gov)
Although the results provide a support for the biological plausibility of the job satisfaction-health relationship, additional research is required to determine whether greater job satisfaction contributes to recovery/maintenance of NK cell immunity and host defense over time. (cdc.gov)

The NKp46 cell surface marker constitutes, at the moment, another NK cell marker of preference being expressed in both humans, several strains of mice (including BALB/c mice) and in three common monkey species. (wikipedia.org)
And as the researchers haven't shown that these reprogrammed T cells can actually kill cancer cells in animals or humans, more research is needed to find out whether this approach will be safe and effective for treating -patients. (scotsman.com)
Conclusions These studies provide the rationale for testing expanded natural killer cells in humans. (haematologica.org)
This study will equip us to track T cells during infection and understand how best to vaccinate animals and humans to achieve powerful protective immune responses. (lal.org.uk)
If "memory" NK cells do exist in humans, these may be important in the control of chronic infections such as HIV, HCMV, or hepatitis C, and provide new therapeutic opportunities for vaccination of NK cells against pathogens. (ucsf.edu)

These results support the evaluation of cord blood-derived NK cells as a potential immuno-therapeutic approach in acute leukemias. (biologynews.net)
The therapeutic is under development for the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia lymphoma and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Future studies using canine TINKs will explore therapeutic potential for targeting, manipulating, and transferring these cells in human. (bmj.com)

THE prospect of a major breakthrough in cancer treatment was announced by researchers yesterday who said they had created stem cells capable of killing diseased cancer cells for the first time. (scotsman.com)
The researchers, whose work is reported in the journal Cell Stem Cell , said previous research had shown that producing such cells in a laboratory using conventional methods had been inefficient in killing cancer cells, mainly because of their short lifespan. (scotsman.com)
However, Zweidler-McKay and co-senior investigator Elizabeth Shpall, M.D., professor in M. D. Anderson's Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, have found a novel process to increase NK cells in cord blood more than 30-fold, generating more than 150 million NK cells from one cord blood unit while maintaining their activation to find and kill acute leukemia cells. (biologynews.net)
Graft-versus-host disease is a common side effect of patients receiving stem cell transplants, which results when the T cells in the transplanted blood react against the patient's own cells. (biologynews.net)
However, in 1988, researchers found cord blood to be another source for stem cell transplantation. (biologynews.net)
These immature stem cells were easier to match to patients, especially those from non-Caucasian ethnicities, and could be stored for use as needed. (biologynews.net)
Zweidler-McKay also predicts this type of transplant could be used for adults who have already had a transplant or for those adult and pediatric patients who aren't candidates for other stem cell transplants due to blood counts or illness. (biologynews.net)
UC San Diego physician Dr. Dan Kaufman, who has specialized in treating blood cancers for over 20 years now leads a research group at the UC San Diego Stem Cell program that is using induced pluripotent stem cells to generate NK cells that are targeted to destroy cancer cells. (uctv.tv)
Excessive intracellular iron leads to the propagation of cancer stem cells whereas iron chelators (key-lay-tors) that bind up iron do the opposite and are posed as effective treatment against cancer. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) at the turn of the century opened the door to a new generation of regenerative medicine research. (molcells.org)
Among all cell types, however, stem cells in many ways have the best advantages. (molcells.org)
Accordingly, scientists have developed protocols for the expansion, genetic modification and differentiation of stem cells to NK cells. (molcells.org)
Among stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have a number of features that make them ideal as the starting source. (molcells.org)
Because stem cells multiply slowly, chemotherapy does not have a sufficient impact on them, which explains why two-thirds of these patients relapse. (lu.se)
All affected individuals, including adolescents and adults with atypical CHS and children with classic CHS who have successfully undergone allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), develop neurologic findings during early adulthood. (medscape.com)

often, NKT cell activity promotes NK cell activity by secreting interferon gamma. (wikipedia.org)
The cytokines Interferon play a crucial role in NK-cell activation. (wikidoc.org)

The role of NK cells is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
The role of NK cells in both the innate and adaptive immune responses is becoming increasingly important in research using NK cell activity as a potential cancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)

Moreover, we identify the underlying mechanism as the ability of NK cells to limit IFN-alpha/beta production to levels not immunosuppressive to the host. (uni-muenchen.de)
Collectively, our data demonstrate that the ability of NK cells to respond very early to cytomegalovirus infection critically contributes to balance the intensity of other innate immune responses, which dampens early immunopathology and promotes optimal initiation of antiviral CD8 T cell responses. (uni-muenchen.de)
Limited investigations into the ability of NK cells from patients to be primed only found phenotypic differences between healthy volunteers and patients in general (regardless of the presence of disease). (ntu.ac.uk)

A number of drugs that enhance the function of NK cells have been approved to treat cancer. (trishmsresearch.org.au)
Dr McKay is investigating if these drugs can be repurposed to improve the function of NK cells in people with MS to kill cells infected with viruses, and/or autoimmune cells. (trishmsresearch.org.au)
The aim of the study is to assess whether alterations in the phenotype and function of NK cells induced by the presence of prostate cancer can be detected in the periphery and be used as parameters for aiding diagnosis and assessing disease progression. (ntu.ac.uk)
The underlying hypothesis of this study was that the presence of prostate cancer would induce detectable changes in the phenotype and function of NK cells in the periphery and that the detection of these would improve the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. (ntu.ac.uk)

They will then use drugs to try and bolster NK cells' abilities to kill EBV-infected cells and see whether this will improve the capacity of NK cells from people with MS to kill EBV-infected cells, or autoimmune cells. (trishmsresearch.org.au)

NK cells have properties that allow them to recognize and destroy diseased brain cells while leaving healthy cells intact, without causing excessive inflammation or autoimmune issues. (medscape.com)
With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)
So, natural killer cells destroy the factory by killing the cell. (pediacast.org)
killer cell - n. any of various cells that destroy germs, infected cells, etc. (en-academic.com)

lysing a virus-infected cell would only release the virions , whereas apoptosis leads to destruction of the virus inside. (wikidoc.org)

Most of our mechanistic knowledge of the signals that drive the generation of virus-specific memory NK cells originates from experiments using MCMV infection as a model system. (nature.com)
Although NKT cells were not critical to transferring already established disease, they are extremely important in the early onset stages by helping break down the body's tolerance for infection, the researchers said. (sciencedaily.com)
A few days after a viral infection, countless killer cells swarm out to track down and kill infected body cells. (uni-bonn.de)
Killer cells - called cytotoxic T cells in the technical jargon - are somewhat like a well-trained police dog: as long as they don't know that an infection is currently spreading somewhere in the body, they behave peacefully. (uni-bonn.de)
Others, meanwhile, become a kind of memory cell, which can be activated quickly in the event of another infection. (uni-bonn.de)
Once killer cells (red) - get wind of an infection, they convene a kind of team of various immunocytes (green or yellow). (uni-bonn.de)
As these are stress-molecules, released by cells upon viral infection, they serve to signal to the NK-cell the presence of viral pathogens. (wikidoc.org)
Patients deficient in NK cells prove to be highly susceptible to early phases of herpes virus infection. (wikidoc.org)
Conversely, the innate immune system, including epithelial barriers, the complement system, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells, provides a much more rapid and less specific response to infection. (nih.gov)
Natural killer (NK) cells are selective white blood cells in our immune system that help defend us from infection and/or prevent the progression of disease. (lifeextension.com)
They have also generated a system using cells grown in the laboratory in which to examine Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection of B cells. (trishmsresearch.org.au)
Recently, in a mouse model of cytomegalovirus, our lab has demonstrated that NK cells undergo clonal expansion during acute viral infection, the population contracts when virus is controlled, but remarkably infection induces a population of "memory" NK cells. (ucsf.edu)
These cells are long-lived, respond more robustly when re-challenged, and provide enhanced host protection against re-infection. (ucsf.edu)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)

While natural killer (NK) cells can directly contribute to the control of viral replication, whether, and how, they may help orchestrate global antiviral defense is largely unknown. (uni-muenchen.de)
Conversely, exogenous IFN-alpha administration in resistant animals ablates cDCs and delays CD8 T cell activation in the face of NK cell control of viral replication. (uni-muenchen.de)
Do Human Natural Killer Cells Acquire Immune Memory to Viral Infections? (ucsf.edu)

Most importantly, mouse models of human AML and ALL were sensitive to NK cell infusions," says Zweidler-McKay. (biologynews.net)

Natural killer cells promote early CD8 T cell responses against cytomegalovirus. (uni-muenchen.de)
By using congenic or mutant mice and wild-type versus genetically engineered viruses, we examined the consequences on antiviral CD8 T cell responses of specific defects in the ability of the NK cells to control MCMV. (uni-muenchen.de)
The tools developed in this study were successfully used to show that aerosol delivery of a candidate influenza vaccine is highly efficient in triggering T cell responses in the pig lung, which are essential for protection against respiratory diseases. (lal.org.uk)
The new tools we've developed in Cardiff will allow researchers at Pirbright, the Bristol Veterinary School and elsewhere to closely study pig T cell responses to influenza for the first time. (lal.org.uk)
NK cells can modulate the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses by interacting with, editing or killing dendritic cells or B and T cells, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)

In order for NK cells to defend the body against viruses and other pathogens, they require mechanisms that enable the determination of whether a cell is infected or not. (wikidoc.org)
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + cells) are important in our daily battle against rogue cells that could potentially give rise to cancer cell and against viruses. (lifeextension.com)
And in particular, they kill cells infected with viruses because remember, viruses hijack cells and turn them in to virus-producing machines or factories. (pediacast.org)
In this Project Grant Dr McKay and her team are determining if NK cells from people with MS are able to kill cells infected with viruses, and/or autoimmune cells, in the laboratory. (trishmsresearch.org.au)

The destructive changes and tissue remodelling observed in COPD are a result of complex interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. (nih.gov)
NK cells are an essential part of the innate immune system that can shape the adaptive response by eliminating activated (not resting) autologous CD4+ T cells. (medscape.com)
Both CD4 + and CD8 + cells are part of our adaptive immune system. (lifeextension.com)
Testing the number of each of these cells can provide information on immune status and response and gives crucial information on key players in our innate (immediate) and adaptive (takes more time for activation) immune response. (lifeextension.com)
The HCMV-host interaction may induce an adaptive reconfiguration of the natural killer (NK) cell compartment, whose hallmark is a persistent expansion of peripheral NKG2C+ NK-cells. (redheracles.net)

As Jr. Faculty, Dr. Felices research is aimed at maximizing the immunotherapeutic value of natural killer (NK) cells against myeloid leukemias, like CML, AML and MDS, covered by Myeloproliferative disorders FY15 topic area. (dtic.mil)
Our group has shown that BiKEs target NK cells to myeloid leukemic cells through generation of an immune synapse between CD33, on the myeloid leukemic cell, and CD16,on the NK cell. (dtic.mil)
Introduction: Myeloid/Natural killer (NK) cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) is a rare hematologic malignancy prevalent in East Asia. (confex.com)

It thus usually takes a little time until the right bloodhound comes across the dendritic cell. (uni-bonn.de)
Until now, it was thought that contact with the dendritic cell was sufficient here. (uni-bonn.de)
Immediately after instruction by a dendritic cell, the killer cell thus triggers a kind of chemical help signal. (uni-bonn.de)

A main challenge of NK cell therapy is that it requires a high amount of functional NK cells. (frontiersin.org)
The development of clinically applicable methods to produce large numbers of fully functional NK cells is a critical step to maximize the potential of this approach. (aacrjournals.org)

Down the road, it will be interesting to see how NK cell therapy could "complement" anti-amyloid and anti-tau therapies, he added. (medscape.com)

Improved understanding of dynamic processes between cancer cell populations is therefore critical for making treatment more effective and personalized. (utu.fi)
Rather than defining the cancer cell populations based on their genetic makeup alone, we consider also other, non-genetic differences that make the cell populations either sensitive or resistant to a therapy. (utu.fi)

In the early phases of cancer immune surveillance, NK cells directly identify and lyse cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
DF7001 is a TriNKET designed to activate and direct NK and cytotoxic T cell killing against cancer cells. (gilead.com)
With that in mind, modern medicine is ramping up efforts to utilize a subset of white blood cells known as natural killer (NK) cells primarily to kill cancer cells. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
NK cells bind to and kill cancer cells without side effects associated with T-cell-based treatments that are now curing blood cancers (leukemia). (knowledgeofhealth.com)
What researchers have discovered is that increased iron levels inside and surrounding cancer cells impairs the ability of natural killer cells to attack and induce cancer cell death. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells can kill cancer cells in the absence of prior stimulation and hold considerable potential for cell-based therapies targeting human malignancies ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Well, it turns out NK cells also kill cancer cells which is pretty cool because that provides opportunities for isolating these cells, growing more of them in the lab, genetically modifying them to be more efficient and effective at tracking down cancel cells and killing them while living non-cancer cells alone, which is something that chemotherapy and radiation is unable to do. (pediacast.org)
Because cancer cells divide faster than normal cells, they are more affected by chemotherapy compared to healthy cells", explains Helena Ågerstam, cancer researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)

These reports suggest a critical role for the minichromosome maintenance helicase complex in NK cells and NK cell-mediated host defense. (jci.org)
Cell-to-cell interactions set off a cascade of events that may result in T- or B-cell activation and, ultimately, host defense. (medscape.com)
B cells One of the body's lines of defense ( immune system) involves white blood cells (leukocytes) that travel through the bloodstream and into tissues, searching for and attacking microorganisms and. (msdmanuals.com)

We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
We determined the capacity of the leukemia cell line K562 modified to express a membrane-bound form of interleukin (IL)-15 and 41BB ligand (K562-mb15-41BBL) to generate human NK cells with enhanced cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
We therefore adapted the K562-mb15-41BBL stimulation method to large-scale clinical-grade conditions, generating large numbers of highly cytotoxic NK cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Cancer researchers are saying they can create cancer therapies based around natural killer cells that could as effective as CAR-T therapies, but at around one hundredth of the cost . (knowledgeofhealth.com)

Emerging data provide evidence that natural killer (NK) cells can contribute to immunological memory, an activity that has traditionally been associated with T cells and B cells. (nature.com)

Some drugs aim to stimulate the body's natural killer cells to fight cancer - but this leaves the door open for cancer patients to do this on their own using natural molecules to promote health rather than treat disease. (knowledgeofhealth.com)

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. (bvsalud.org)

Injecting laboratory mice with the bacterium -- Novosphingobium aromaticivorans -- prompted activation of natural killer T cells, which were critical to initiating autoimmune processes that led to liver disease. (sciencedaily.com)

The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)

Learn how scientists genetically modify and grow these cells in the lab with the aim of helping kids fight cancer. (pediacast.org)

When given to mice with aggressive human leukemias, these NK cells reduced the circulating human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells by 60 to 85 percent. (biologynews.net)

Anatomy42

Organisms13

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes39

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Receptors29

Tumor42

Immunotherapy13

Inhibitory3

Immune cells8

Antibodies13

Receptor12

Adoptive6

Lymphocytes17

Antigen12

Virally infected cells1

Immunology2

Tumors4

Cytotoxic activity3

Immunotherapies6

Antigens2

Potent3

Antitumor2

Cytokine6

CD567

Lymphocyte3

Human NK cell5

Peripheral-blood4

Antibody8

Macrophages2

Proliferation1

Vivo7

Bone marrow3

Cancerous cells2

Immunity8

Humans5

Therapeutic3

Stem15

Interferon2

Role of NK cells3

Ability of NK cells3

Function of NK cells4

Capacity of NK cells1

Destroy4

Virus-infected1

Infection15

Viral3

Infusions1

Responses6

Viruses4

Adaptive5

Myeloid3

Dendritic cell3

Functional NK cells2

Complement1

Populations2

Cancer cells8

Defense3

K5623

Therapies1

Immunological1

Body's natural1

Effector cells1

Natural killer T cel1

Vitro1

Genetically1

Acute myelogen1