• 1992), have reported that NCX localization is restricted to the distal convoluted tubule (Ramachandran and Brunette (1989), Yu et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • Fanconi syndrome or Fanconi's syndrome (English: /fɑːnˈkoʊni/, /fæn-/) is a syndrome of inadequate reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules of the kidney. (wikipedia.org)
  • In TIO most tumors overexpress the protein fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubules and acting as a phosphaturic factor [ 1 , 3 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In kidneys suffering from ischemia-reperfusion and in renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation, NCX extrudes Na + in exchange for Ca 2+ influx, resulting in intracellular Ca 2+ overload and tubular epithelial cell injury (Yamashita J, S Kita, T Iwamoto et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • The mechanism of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which result in apoptosis, necrosis and ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, causing rapid loss of kidney function [ 8 - 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Fish adaptability to the habitat at certain depths is primarily manifested in an increase in the number and size of mitochondria of all types of nephron epithelial cells. (marine-biology.ru)
  • A decrease in the renal corpuscles area, the length of podocytes, and height of tubular epithelial cells, as well as the brush border length of type I proximal tubules is also recorded. (marine-biology.ru)
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of megalin and cubilin, two important multiligand protein receptors on the brush border of proximal tubular epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, etc. (nature.com)
  • Cisplatin is widely recommended in combination for the treatment of tumors, thus inevitably increasing the incidence of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. (ijbs.com)
  • Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying both BNIP3-mediated and PINK1-PARK2-mediated mitophagy-induced attenuation of ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. (ijbs.com)
  • Drug-induced acute kidney injury is the second most common cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care unit[ 1 , 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Among all types of acute kidney injury, drug-induced acute kidney injury accounts for 14-37.5% in several studies [ 3 , 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Nephrotoxic drugs, such as antibiotics (gentamicin), diuretics (furosemide), chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin) and calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus), induce acute kidney injury [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • During cisplatin treatment, approximately 20%-30% of patients develop acute kidney injury [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury will provide evidence for future treatment. (ijbs.com)
  • Fanconi syndrome affects the proximal tubules, namely, the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), which is the first part of the tubule to process fluid after it is filtered through the glomerulus, and the proximal straight tubule (pars recta), which leads to the descending limb of loop of Henle. (wikipedia.org)
  • In kidney, degenerative changes in PCT and DCT, shrinkage of glomerulus, vacuolation in the haematopoietic tissues and excess fat deposition were notable changes. (omicsonline.org)
  • This study reports the clinical and pathological features of 12 cases of primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) with renal involvement presenting with proximal tubular dysfunction in a single center, and investigates the possible correlation of ectopic germinal center formation and megalin/cubilin down-expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Hnf4a mutant kidney showed a defect in the formation of proximal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • In people with Fanconi syndrome or FS, a defect in the proximal tubules causes poor reabsorption of nutrients and results in lifelong health issues. (facty.com)
  • The decreased megalin and cubilin expression may contribute to the proximal tubular reabsorption defect, possibly secondary to Th17 infiltration and formation of ectopic germinal centers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The S3 segment of the proximal tubule, which maintains the delicate balance between high O 2 demand and low basal O 2 tension in the corticomedullary region, is the portion of the nephron most vulnerable to ischemia (Parker et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • In addition to identifying VHL as a critical regulator of nephron progenitors' metabolic switching, the authors' findings demonstrate that this switch also plays a large role in the differentiation process, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)
  • Nephron progenitors, the cell population that give rise to the functional unit of the kidney, are metabolically active and self-renew under glycolytic conditions. (lww.com)
  • By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)
  • Our findings identify a novel role for VHL in mediating nephron progenitor differentiation through metabolic regulation, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development. (lww.com)
  • The aging kidneys undergo a wide range of macrostructural changes, such as decreased cortical volume, increased surface roughness, and augmented numbers and sizes of cysts [ 11 ], which correspond to the typical microstructural features of glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and nephron loss [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Transmission electron microscopic study of gill showed severe damages which included degenerative changes in mitochondria, cellular vacuolation, damage in tubule vascular system, presence of lipid droplets, elongated nucleus, but in case of field experiment dilated mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuolation were more prominent. (omicsonline.org)
  • Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mitophagy is a type of mitochondrial quality control mechanism that degrades damaged mitochondria and maintains cellular homeostasis. (ijbs.com)
  • Mitophagy, a type of specific autophagy that eliminates and degrades damaged mitochondria to ensure the quality control of mitochondria, is essential for cellular homeostasis and mammalian survival [ 12 , 13 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors, nervous system diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, kidney injury, and blood diseases. (nature.com)
  • Age-related disorders such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasingly prevalent globally and pose unprecedented challenges. (frontiersin.org)
  • Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in western countries. (hindawi.com)
  • citation needed] Different forms of Fanconi syndrome can affect different functions of the proximal tubule, and result in different complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deletion of Hnf4a in the developing mouse kidney caused Fanconi syndrome phenotypes including polyruia, polydipsia, glycosuria, and phosphaturia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heavy metal toxicity, such as lead poisoning, which is more prevalent in children than adults, causes Fanconi syndrome due to the immune system factors that impair tubule function. (facty.com)
  • While children with Fanconi anemia may have malformed kidneys, among other symptoms, it is mostly a disease of the bone marrow, not the kidneys. (facty.com)
  • Fanconi syndrome, the result of proximal tubule epithelial cell (PTEC) injury leading to proximal RTA (type II RTA), hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, aminoaciduria, glycosuria and urine loss of low molecular weight proteins, is a rare manifestation of pSS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies suggest that Th17 cells, a subset of CD4 + T cells, may directly contribute to lymphoneogenesis in labial glands of pSS patients [ 11 ], but it is unclear whether a similar process occurs in the kidney of pSS patients with Fanconi syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although urine is finally modified in subsequent tubules, the proximal tubule is the main site for both NaCl and NaHCO 3 reabsorption. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • This mutation misdirects the EHHADH to the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes, a mutation in the EHHADH gene causes the condition by rendering mitochondria unable to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a chemical that provides energy for all living cells. (facty.com)
  • Dietary phosphate excess often leads to phosphate toxicity, ultimately potentiating kidney disease development. (diabeets.com)
  • The primary transport protein responsible for phosphate reabsorption in the kidney is the type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NPT2a) localized in the proximal tubule. (hindawi.com)
  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a unique class of oral antidiabetic medications that reduce glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, thereby enhancing urinary glucose excretion 1 . (nature.com)
  • Our findings suggest that empagliflozin enters cardiac mitochondria and directly causes these effects by increasing mitochondrial ATP via inhibition of NHE1 and Nav1.5 or their common downstream sites. (nature.com)
  • Thus, one goal of this study was to determine the status of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the rat kidney during the early stages of diabetes (5-weeks post streptozotocin injection). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial complex activity assays, blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), Complex III immunoprecipitation, and an ATP assay were performed to examine the effects of diabetes on the status of respiratory complexes and energy levels in renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results showed that cisplatin induced mitochondrial injury, ROS release, intracellular iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the kidney, which were aggravated in Bnip3 knockout , Pink1 knockout or Park2 knockout cisplatin-treated mice. (ijbs.com)
  • In the PARK2-dependent pathway, PINK1 activates PARK2 to target many mitochondrial proteins, including NDP52, OPTN and p62, and it combines with LC3 to deliver damaged mitochondria to autophagosomes [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Compared with controls, VHL knockout kidneys are smaller and developmentally delayed by postnatal day 1, and have about half the number of glomeruli at postnatal day 21. (lww.com)
  • Cytopathological study both through light and electron microscopic ( scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) observations were based on gill, liver and kidney. (omicsonline.org)
  • Degenerative hepatopancreas, necrosis in hepatocytes, severe cytoplasmic vacuolation and disarrangement of hepatic cords in liver of O. niloticus were prominent seen under light microscopy in the laboratory condition, but in field condition elongated hepatocytes with increased nuclei and vacuolation in cytoplasm of hepatocytes were prominent, while TEM study showed degeneration in mitochondria, dilation in rough endoplasmic reticulum, damage in nucleus and appearance of cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes under laboratory condition. (omicsonline.org)
  • Sweat glands consist of coiled secretory cells extending into long tubules that open to the surface of the skin as sweat pores. (masomomsingi.com)
  • Lowe syndrome is a disorder that affects the brain, kidneys, and eyes. (facty.com)
  • Interestingly, of all four respiratory complexes only cytochrome c reductase (Complex-III) activity was significantly decreased, whereas two Complex III subunits, Core 2 protein and Rieske protein, were up regulated in the diabetic renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A study by Katyare and Satav showed that respiration rates and ATPase activity were elevated in diabetic renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Along with the kidney injury, diabetic patients often suffer from multiple complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the role of mitophagy in ferroptosis in kidney disease is unclear. (ijbs.com)
  • The loss of bicarbonate results in type 2 or proximal renal tubular acidosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the four respiratory complexes I through IV that comprise the electron transport chain, Complex-I and III are thought to be the major sources for superoxide generation within the mitochondria [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21. (lww.com)
  • 1989), however, suggested that there is no NCX in basolateral membranes in proximal tubules but that instead, intracellular calcium pools within the mitochondria and elsewhere contribute to Na + /Ca 2+ exchange. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • Causes include ingesting expired tetracyclines (where tetracycline changes to form epitetracycline and anhydrotetracycline which damage the proximal tubule), and as a side effect of tenofovir in cases of pre-existing renal impairment. (wikipedia.org)
  • histopathology is similar in humans and animals and includes intranuclear inclusion bodies, swollen mitochondria, and tubular damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Individuals with this condition develop a buildup of cystine crystals that damage the kidneys and eyes. (facty.com)
  • Drug-related causes include the ingestion of certain antibiotics, including expired tetracycline, that can degrade and damage the proximal tubules. (facty.com)
  • The functional significance of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX) in basolateral membranes in the proximal tubule remains controversial. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • We investigated coordination of the NBC and NCX on the basolateral side of bullfrog proximal tubules. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • IL-17 secreted by Th17 subtype effector T cells was diffusely detected in the renal proximal tubule, with a negative correlation of IL-17 and megalin expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The renal structures that conduct the essential work of the kidney cannot be seen by the naked eye. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Children with this condition may develop kidney failure before their tenth birthday unless the condition is recognized and treated. (facty.com)