Kidney glut2 glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

It produces glucose by gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
Importantly, the gluconeogenesis is a differentiated function of the renal cortex that also contributes to the glucose homeostasis, as well as to the insulin modulatory effects [2]. (faksignaling.com)
In diabetes, there is a marked increase in renal glucose uptake, which might be accompanied by the upregulation of SGLT- 2 and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) levels, and the renal gluconeogenesis is enhanced because of the deregulation of rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes [2, 4, 5]. (faksignaling.com)
1 The main function of insulin is to maintain glucose homeostasis, enabling glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, besides acting as an anabolic hormone that favors not only the absorption of amino acids and fatty acids, but also promotes cell growth and energy storage. (researchsquare.com)
Following meals , large amounts of glucose are taken up by the small intestine , and gluconeogenesis is therefore inhibited: in hepatocytes, insulin causes phosphorylation and breakdown of the transcription factor Foxo1. (helmberg.at)
Otherwise, Foxo1 drives the transcription of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis (PEPCK, glucose-6-phosphatase). (helmberg.at)
In contrast to glycolysis that creates glucose from stored glycogen, gluconeogenesis creates glucose through the help of protein kinase A from non-carbohydrate products, such as glycerol, glucogenic amino acids and even lactate. (dnx.news)
The liver also combines 3-carbon molecules derived from breakdown of fat (glycerol), muscle glycogen (lactate) and protein (e.g. alanine) into the 6-carbon glucose molecule by the process of gluconeogenesis. (basicmedicalkey.com)
insulin concentrations are low and it acts mainly as a hepatic hormone, modulating glucose production (via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis) from the liver. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Impairment of the capability of the kidney to produce and reuptake enough calcitriol and therefore maintain vitamin D, phosphate, and calcium homeostasis is one of the principal pathophysiological components of metabolic bone disease in CKD. (karger.com)
In this study, the modulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling by the mentioned compounds on renal proximal tubular NRK-52E cells was investigated. (faksignaling.com)
Conclusion: EC and DHBA regulate the renal glucose homeostasis by modulating both glucose uptake and production, and strengthen the insulin signalling by activating key proteins of that pathway in NRK-52E cells. (faksignaling.com)
Kidneys play a major role in glucose homeostasis. (faksignaling.com)
Additionally, defects at the insulin signalling are thought to affect the renal glucose homeostasis and, therefore, to contribute to the hyperglycaemia [4]. (faksignaling.com)
Consequently, treatments aimed at improving glucose homeostasis in renal cells are considered critical for optimal management of diabetes type 2 and to prevent, retard or treat associated renal complications. (faksignaling.com)
Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)
IR is calculated with the use of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) using the formula: fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) × fasting serum insulin (mU/mL)/22.5. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)
The methylated reader protein YTH domain containing 2(YTHDC2) regulates the stability of mRNAs by recognizing the m 6 A group on mRNAs, and in this way, regulates the homeostasis of liver TGs [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
How Should We Think About the Role of the Brain in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes? (silverchair.com)
In this Perspective, we update and expand on a previously described brain-centric model of glucose homeostasis ( 1 ), highlighting recent evidence of the brain's capacity to influence the biologically defended level of circulating glucose in part through rapid and highly coordinated adjustments of both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. (silverchair.com)
Traditionally, the interaction between pancreatic islets and insulin-sensitive tissues has been deemed sufficient to explain most aspects of glucose homeostasis. (silverchair.com)
Together, these observations raise the possibility that although the brain can affect glucose homeostasis, day-to-day control of blood glucose levels does not require its active participation. (silverchair.com)
Clearly, new approaches that can tease apart the contributions of brain and islet (and interactions between them) to overall control of glucose homeostasis are needed. (silverchair.com)
The principal organ of glucose homeostasis is the liver, which absorbs and stores glucose (as glycogen) in the post-absorptive state and releases it into the circulation between meals to match the rate of glucose utilization by peripheral tissues. (basicmedicalkey.com)

May also participate with the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter in the transcellular transport of glucose in the small intestine and kidney. (biossusa.com)
Its use as a therapeutic target is limited by side effects from malabsorption of glucose and galactose in the small intestine. (bjcardio.co.uk)
We found upregulation of the key fructose transporter and metabolizing enzyme mRNAs, Slc2a2 , Khka , and Khkc , and higher ketohexokinase activity in the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt small intestine relative to the WT, suggesting enhanced metabolism of fructose in the former. (springer.com)
Lactase deficiency (LD) is the failure to express the enzyme that hydrolyses lactose into galactose and glucose in the small intestine. (bmj.com)

Glucose as such cannot be stored, but it can be polymerized to glycogen in the liver and in skeletal muscle. (helmberg.at)
However, the amount of energy that can be stored in this way is limited: for their hydroxyl groups, glucose units are very hydrophilic: 1 g of glycogen binds 2.7 g of water. (helmberg.at)
This enzyme converts the glucose absorbed by the liver into either of the two: Glycogen - in the process of glycogenesis or into pyruvate which will eventually be converted into energy, in the process of glycolysis. (dnx.news)
Protein kinase A activates an enzyme called glycogen phosphorylase to break down this glycogen into glucose in a process called glycogenolysis. (dnx.news)
Vanadium influences various aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, including glucose transportation, glycolysis, glucose oxidation, and glycogen synthesis 6 . (ijpsr.com)
When we do not need the glucose, our body converts it into glycogen so it can be stored. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
When we need the energy, our body can then convert the glycogen back into glucose so the body can use it. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
As a result, you will be unable to transport glucose efficiently and the glycogen will build up in the liver and kidneys which cause the signs and symptoms of this condition. (metabolicsupportuk.org)

SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus currently in phase III studies. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for developing both microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease). (bjcardio.co.uk)
In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. (karger.com)
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are also more common across type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. (karger.com)
Vitamin D deficiency also contributes to many extraskeletal outcomes, including higher risk of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, autoimmunity, pregnancy complications, and many other pathologies. (karger.com)
It is divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which account for 5-10% and 90-95% of DM cases resepectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
2 Deficiency of insulin production or activity results in diabetes mellitus (DM), which can be either type 1 (T1DM) when there is a destruction of the β-cell by an autoimmune process, or type 2 (T2DM) in which there is a failure of the β-cell to produce insulin. (researchsquare.com)

Facilitative glucose transporter. (biossusa.com)
Two means of glucose transport are noted: facilitative and secondary active transport. (medscape.com)
Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

N-propargylglycine prevents 4-hydroxyproline catabolism in mouse liver and kidney. (bvsalud.org)
PRODH2 is selectively expressed in liver and kidney and contributes to primary hyperoxaluria (PH). (bvsalud.org)
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The traditional medicinal application of Lycium barbarum is centered on the improvement of eyesight, as well as the nourishment of liver and kidney functions. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, while GLUT2 levels are unchanged or even upregulated in several tissues such as the liver and the intestine during the hyperglycemic conditions observed in diabetes, the same gene undergoes a drastic dysregulation only in the pancreatic islets. (justia.com)
The liver contains Glucose Transporter type 2 (GLUT-2) receptors in which glucose enters freely. (dnx.news)
For glucose to be utilized, Insulin binds to another receptor in the liver called a Tyrosine Kinase Receptor (specifically the Insulin receptor type) in which the overall result is the activation of the enzyme called PI3K/AKT. (dnx.news)
Now in a fasting state (hypoglycemia) in which the blood lacks glucose, Glucagon binds to its receptor in the liver and activates another receptor called the "g-protein coupled receptor" and eventually along the way this process lead to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). (dnx.news)
In contrast to the Liver, the glucose transporter in the muscles is type 4 (GLUT 4) in which the difference from GLUT 2 is that it needs insulin in order to be activated. (dnx.news)
The intake of fructose in majority of the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt tissues, including the liver, was 15-35% less than in the WT. (springer.com)
HIF-P4H-2 inhibition enhances intestinal fructose metabolism protecting the liver. (springer.com)
HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, the expression of GLUT2 and the glycolytic enzymes glucokinase and liver pyruvate kinase are reduced in pancreatic islets of Hnf-1α −/− mice compared with wild-type mice ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
A. Kidney B. Liver C. Skin D. Bone Answer. (pqj2023.com)
C-peptide is only partially extracted by the liver (and hence provides a useful index of the rate of insulin secretion) but is mainly degraded by the kidneys. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In the postprandial state insulin concentrations are high and it then suppresses glucose production from the liver and promotes the entry of glucose into peripheral tissues (increased glucose utilization). (basicmedicalkey.com)

Based on PI3K /AKT /mTOR signaling pathway, the toxic mechanism of lead-induced kidney injury and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of LBP against lead-induced kidney injury were studied. (bvsalud.org)
LBP inhibits the activation of TLR4 receptor, which in turn inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, enhances the autophagy of kidney tissue cells, reduces the apoptosis of kidney tissues, and delays lead-induced kidney injury. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is correlated with the biology of cancer types, neurons and immunity. (spandidos-publications.com)

Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)

Methods and results: Levels of the glucose transporters SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, as well as glucose uptake, glucose production, and key proteins of the insulin pathways, namely insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and PI3K/AKT pathway were analysed. (faksignaling.com)
Interestingly, EC and DHBA did not modify the levels of SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, and modulated the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase via AKT leading to a diminished glucose production. (faksignaling.com)
The main site for glucose reabsorption is the early S1 segment of the proximal tubule and this process is largely mediated by the high-capacity transporter sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) [2]. (faksignaling.com)
In this regard, inhibitors of SGLT-2 have been demonstrated to increase glycosuria and reduce hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes [3, 4]. (faksignaling.com)
However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Active transport of protons by H+ ATPases alters membrane potential allowing for facilitated passive transport of particular ions such as potassium down their charge gradient through high affinity transporters and channels. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
SGLT2, a high-capacity, low-affinity transporter of glucose and sodium is found in high concentration at the brush border membrane of the S1 and S2 segment of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). (bjcardio.co.uk)
low-affinity glucose transporter HXT4. (lbl.gov)
Low-affinity glucose transporter LGT1. (lbl.gov)
High affinity monosaccharide (KM ≈ 20 µM):H+ symporter, Stp6 (takes up glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, mannose, fructose, galactose and to a lesser extent, xylose and ribulose. (lbl.gov)
TMS IV of the high-affinity sodium-glucose cotransporter participates in sugar binding ( Liu et al . (tcdb.org)

As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
[ 2 ] The patient is instructed to fast, and plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide levels are measured every 6 hours until the plasma glucose level is less than 65 mg/dL, after which the testing frequency is increased to every 1-2 hours. (medscape.com)

Salty and sour sensory perceptions rely on ion channels, which are expressed in a variety of tissues, such as kidney, as well as in taste buds. (the-scientist.com)

The GLUT2 facilitated glucose transporter isoform is a membrane protein present in the pancreatic .beta. (justia.com)
Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
The Cl-formate exchanger is a transport protein present in the kidney [1] , where it functions in the renal chloride reabsorption. (chemeurope.com)
The glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13). (lbl.gov)
Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
This gene is needed to enable our body to make a protein called Glucose-transporter protein 2 (also known as GLUT2). (metabolicsupportuk.org)
A fault in the SLC2A2 gene means that the GLUT2 protein cannot function properly. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
Glucose enters the beta cell via the GLUT-2 transporter protein, which is closely associated with the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The transporter protein GLUT-4 (bottom left of figure) is stored in intracellular vesicles. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Despite the significant effort in the last century to eradicate or minimize vitamin D deficiency among the population, especially children, there is still a high prevalence for vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency worldwide [ 1, 2 ]. (karger.com)
Poorly controlled diabetes can lead to the damage of multiple organs, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system [1] Among the two most common types of diabetes, Type 1 occurs when the insulin producing cells in the pancreas are destroyed by the immune system and there is usually no cure, while in Type 2 diabetes there is insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency [2]. (heraldopenaccess.us)

Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
IR alters glucose metabolism, resulting in an elevation in insulin production by beta-cells. (researchsquare.com)
Insulin resistance (IR) is clinically characterized as the inability of insulin to enhance glucose uptake and metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, if we take into consideration the repercussions of IR on the different organs, it is interesting to differentiate between the outcomes secondary to over activation of signaling pathways that remain sensitive to insulin versus changes that are a consequence of an impaired ability of insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
To study the pharmacogenetic mechanism(s), we have investigated glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion, glibenclamide clearance from the blood, and glibenclamide metabolism in wild-type and Hnf-1α-deficient mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
Metabolism of glucose within the beta cell generates ATP. (basicmedicalkey.com)

galactose transporter. (lbl.gov)
Galactose, glucose uniporter, Gal2. (lbl.gov)

overexpression of CYP2B6 hindered IRS phosphorylation and translocation of GLUT2 to membranes, which ultimately exacerbated IR. (biomedcentral.com)

The Er1 F/− EV cargo is taken up by recipient cells leading to an increase in insulin-independent glucose transporter levels, enhanced cellular glucose uptake, higher cellular oxygen consumption rate and greater tolerance to glucose challenge in mice. (nature.com)

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (Glucose transporter type 3, brain) (GLUT-3 or GLUT3). (lbl.gov)

Furthermore, transgenic mice that express GLUT2 antisense RNAs driven by the insulin promoter led to an 80% reduction in GLUT2 which was paralleled by a decreased glucose-induced insulin secretory response and by the onset of diabetes (48). (justia.com)
We show that despite a profound defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, diabetic Hnf-1α −/− mice have a robust glibenclamide-induced insulin secretory response. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mice lacking the Hnf-1α gene ( 3 , 4 ) also have a dramatic reduction in insulin secretory response to glucose. (diabetesjournals.org)

SGLT1 is expressed in the intestinal mucosa as well as the kidney. (bjcardio.co.uk)

SGLTs transport sodium and glucose into cells using the sodium gradient created by sodium/potassium ATPase pumps at the basolateral cell membranes. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The second stage of re-absorption is the transport of glucose through the utilisation of GLUT2 transporters in the basolateral membrane. (bjcardio.co.uk)
In immortalised human airway cells (line H441) with 10 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, apical ASL glucose was 0.24±0.07 mM [ 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)
insulin-secreting cells, the basolateral membrane of intestinal and kidney absorptive cells, in hepatocytes and in a subset of neurons (21,31,44). (justia.com)

The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Approximately 10% of renal glucose re-absorption occurs via SGLT1, and the remaining 90% occurs via SGLT2, which is found in the early proximal tubule. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Proximal tubule cells exposed to PMA for 2 h demonstrated a two- to threefold increase in Na/H antiporter mRNA (mRNANa/H) abundance 4 h later. (jci.org)

A fragment of the murine GLUT2 promoter has been cloned and shown to be glucose-responsive when transfected into differentiated insulin-producing cells or into hepatocytes (35,36,52). (justia.com)
Part of the glucose absorbed in the intestine is transported into the hepatocytes with the help of the insulin-independent transporter GLUT2 (KM 15-20 mM). (helmberg.at)
HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
SGLT2 inhibitors represent a novel 'glucuretic' therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and are currently in phase III trials. (bjcardio.co.uk)
SGLT2 binds to sodium and glucose in the filtrate and these compounds are translocated across the apical cell membrane, an active process driven by the electrochemical sodium gradient between tubular filtrate and the cell. (bjcardio.co.uk)

Almost all of this is re-absorbed into the circulation via sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLTs). (bjcardio.co.uk)

While a lot of molecular processes happen in the islets of Langerhans before any of these hormones get released, generally they are released by triggers such as hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) and hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). (dnx.news)
Clinical studies in humans indicate that β-cell dysfunction in MODY3 patients leads to a defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is responsible for chronic hyperglycemia ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Similarly, it was challenging to dissect a boundary between this section and U1(iii), "explain the control of blood glucose", but the large number of highly specific SAQs that ask to explain the control of blood glucose also suggested that it should be treated separately. (derangedphysiology.com)

The major hexose transporter, Htr1 (mediates the active uptake of hexoses by sugar:H+ symport. (lbl.gov)

indeed, renal glucose reabsorption has been considered to have a pathophysiological role in diabetes [1]. (faksignaling.com)

cells, the level of expression of GLUT2 is low and the intracellular glucokinase activity seems to be the rate-limiting step in the glycolytic pathway (5,11). (justia.com)

An example of facilitated diffusion is when glucose is absorbed into cells through Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in the human body. (wikipedia.org)

Under normal circumstances, the kidney filters and reabsorbs 100% of glucose, approximately 180 g (1 mole) of glucose, each day. (medscape.com)
Under normal physiological conditions, approximately 180 g of glucose is filtered by the kidney daily. (bjcardio.co.uk)

The present invention is based on successful expression cloning of a transcription factor that binds to the GTII element of the GLUT2 and insulin genes from a differentiated insulin-secreting cDNA library. (justia.com)
However, the combination of Ab1 and Ab2 (preincubated for 2 h at 22 degrees C) binds to platelets in a saturation-dependent manner at an optimum ratio range of 10-20:1. (jci.org)

ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)

When diffusing into a cell through GLUT2, the driving force that moves glucose into the cell is the concentration gradient. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose is then transported passively by GLUT2 along its concentration gradient into the interstitium. (bjcardio.co.uk)

Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)
In these cells, GLUT2 catalyzes the transepithelial transport of glucose. (justia.com)

Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)
The changes in these pathways are sufficient to regulate parameters such as serum calcium or glucose or respond to external stimuli such as stress. (tomsk.ru)

The erythrocyte/brain hexose facilitator, glucose transporter-1, Gtr1 or Glut1. (lbl.gov)

Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
We also discuss the possibility that dysfunction of this brain-centric system contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by raising the defended level of glycemia. (silverchair.com)
Whether the brain participates in the physiological control of circulating glucose levels therefore remains a matter of controversy, and the possibility that a dysfunctional central control system contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes is only beginning to be explored. (silverchair.com)

On both diets, the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt mice gained less weight and had less white adipose tissue (WAT) and its inflammation, lower serum cholesterol levels, and lighter livers with less steatosis and lower serum ALT levels than the wild type (WT). (springer.com)
Our data demonstrate that high serum glibenclamide concentrations and an increased t 1/2 of glibenclamide in the blood of Hnf-1α −/− mice are caused by a defect in hepatic uptake of glibenclamide. (diabetesjournals.org)

Glucose loss in the urine may vary from a few grams to more than 100g (556 mmol) per day. (medscape.com)
Diabetes was detected at a glucose level of 15.14 mmol/L by measuring glucose level in the blood collected from the tail vein. (ijpsr.com)
Blood glucose levels are closely regulated in health and rarely stray outside the range of 3.5-8.0 mmol/L (63-144 mg/dL), despite the varying demands of food, fasting and exercise. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)

13.Which combination of cell type and secretory products from cells in the stomach is correct? (pqj2023.com)

The blastocyst/testis glucose transporter, Glut8 (Doege et al. (lbl.gov)

2,3 Treatment with thiazolidinediones has been associated with cardiovascular safety concerns, weight gain, increased fracture risk and fluid retention. (bjcardio.co.uk)
It is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, strongly linked to obesity and insulin resistance (IR), which further predisposes for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [ 2 ]. (springer.com)

In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
They inhibit glucose re-absorption in the proximal renal tubules providing an insulin independent mechanism to lower blood glucose. (bjcardio.co.uk)
2-4 Guidelines recommend a target glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) of 7% or less, but a large number of patients fail to meet this target and, as of yet, no ideal pharmacological blood glucose-lowering agent exists. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Kidney Blood Press Res (2021) 46 (2): 152-161. (karger.com)
In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
Two additional cell types, both part of the innate immune system, are found within the sinusoids, in direct contact with the blood: a large number of macrophages, called Kupffer cells, and Pit cells, a type of natural killer (NK) cells. (helmberg.at)
It is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time, and is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation. (dnx.news)
Basically Insulin's role is to facilitate the transport of blood glucose into the cells of the body, while glucagon's role is to facilitate the transport of glucose from the cells to the blood (they are functionally opposites). (dnx.news)
When there are large doses of glucose circulating in the blood, perhaps after a meal, insulin gets formed from the beta cells and gets released. (dnx.news)
When there are large doses of glucose in the cells and not enough in the blood, perhaps the body is in a fasting state, glucagon is formed from the alpha cells and gets released. (dnx.news)
This glucose goes to the blood and effectively increases blood glucose levels. (dnx.news)
It is an effective means for lowering blood glucose levels and leads to normoglycemia 5 . (ijpsr.com)
The disease is chiefly manifested in the form of elevated levels of blood glucose. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Although the brain is clearly capable of affecting blood glucose levels, whether such effects are important in day-to-day blood glucose control remains a matter of controversy. (silverchair.com)
We demonstrate that the half-life ( t 1/2 ) of glibenclamide in the blood is increased in Hnf-1α −/− mice compared with wild-type littermates (3.9 ± 1.3 vs. 1.5 ± 1.8 min, P ≤ 0.05). (diabetesjournals.org)
Knowing that NSAIDs constrict afferent arterioles of the kidney, NSAIDs would ____ renal blood flow, ____ glomerular hydrostatic pressure, and ___ GFR. (pqj2023.com)

The IB1 gene is highly expressed in the pancreatic islets and in the brain and to a much lesser extent in the heart and the kidney. (justia.com)
When tested in vitro, IB1 bound specifically to the GTII cis element of the GLUT2 gene and to an homologous regulatory sequence of the insulin promoter termed RIPE3. (justia.com)
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α gene cause the most common form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), type 3 ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Human insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta-cells (β-cell) of the pancreas, and its release is dependent on glucose levels in the circulation, in addition amino acids, incretins and cholecystokinin also promote its release. (researchsquare.com)
Beyond these concerns, the impact of brain-directed interventions on circulating glucose levels is often seemingly negated by adjustments of islet function. (silverchair.com)
Hepatic glucose production rises as insulin levels fall. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Based on morphological features, researchers had suspected that these cells were chemosensory, but the findings of gustducin, taste receptors,[2. (the-scientist.com)
For example, the pancreatic release of insulin in response to glucose is partially mediated by the binding of glucose to sweet-taste receptors on cells of the intestine and subsequent activation of the signaling cascade. (the-scientist.com)

Insulin secretion from islets of Hnf-1α −/− mice is blunted in response to glucose and other glycolytic stimuli but normal in response to non-nutrient secretagogues such as potassium ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

HIF-P4H-2 inhibition downregulates hepatic lipogenesis. (springer.com)

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The drug effect and mechanism of LBP on lead-induced kidney injury were investigated by administering positive drugs and LBP to mice with established lead-induced kidney injury. (bvsalud.org)
may comprise part of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the beta cell. (biossusa.com)
Scope: (-)-Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), 3- hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), and vanillic acid (VA), have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes, although the mechanism for their actions remains unknown. (faksignaling.com)
It is only recently that we and others have begun to investigate glucose transport as an important mechanism for maintaining a nutrient-depleted environment in the lung lumen to limit the growth of pathogenic organisms. (ersjournals.com)
In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
The genetic mechanism of lactase persistence in adult Caucasians is mediated by a single C→T nucleotide polymorphism at the LCTbo −13'910 locus on chromosome-2. (bmj.com)

Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
The absence of glucose, Na + , a membrane potential in vesicles, or the directionality of water flow did not grossly altered the pf. (tcdb.org)

Transcriptional activator Islet-Brain 1 (IB1) is disclosed which is involved in the control of the GLUT2 and insulin genes by interacting with homologous cis-regulatory elements of the GLUT2 and insulin promoters, and to materials and methods deriving from this work. (justia.com)

7 The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, in combination with limitations of current therapies, has led to the search for newer alternatives. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Mauritius during the last decade has been an alarming situation that needs scrutiny for a healthier future Mauritian population. (heraldopenaccess.us)

Furthermore, the results of studies using HGF‑overexpressing mice have indicated the therapeutic potential of HGF for various types of disease and injury. (spandidos-publications.com)

There are many other types of glucose transport proteins, some that do require energy, and are therefore not examples of passive transport. (wikipedia.org)
In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)
We need GLUT2 to allow us to transport glucose through our body. (metabolicsupportuk.org)
The transitional type is involved in molecular transport whereas the sarcoplasmic reticulum is primarily concerned with how to " manage" calcium ions. (biologyonline.com)
this allows glucose transport into the cell. (basicmedicalkey.com)

When compared with high-volume postdilution olHDF (convective volume of 26.02 ± 1.8 L/session), HD + SHF + HP provided comparable values of percentage reduction ratio of IS (52.0 ± 11.7 vs. 56.3 ± 7.5%, p = 0.14) and β 2 M (83.7 ± 4.9 vs. 84.0 ± 4.3%, p = 0.37) and slightly lower urea reduction ratio. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)

These figures are alarming and constitute a significant threat in terms of the future social and economic burden of type 2 diabetes complications for Mauritius. (heraldopenaccess.us)

Anatomy21

Organisms7

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Gluconeogenesis11

Homeostasis19

Small intestine4

Glycogen8

Diabetes mellitus7

Facilitative4

Liver15

Signaling pathway3

Normal blood glucose2

SGLT5

Affinity7

Plasma glucose4

Tissues1

Protein9

Deficiency2

Metabolism6

Galactose2

Translocation1

Cellular glucose uptake1

GLUT1

Insulin secretory response3

Intestinal mucosa1

Basolateral5

Proximal tubule4

Hepatocytes3

SGLT23

Sodium glucose1

Hyperglycemia2

Control of blood glucose1

Mediates1

Renal glucose reab1

Glucokinase1

Facilitated diffusion1

Approximately 1802

Binds2

Diffusion of glucose1

Concentration gradient2

Transepithelial3

Regulate2

GLUT11

Contributes3

Serum2

Mmol3

Involved in renal1

Secretory1

GLUT81

Cardiovascular2

Blood16

Gene3

Levels3

Receptors2

Response to glucose1

Hepatic1

Mechanism6

Membrane2

Islet1

Prevalence of type 2 diabet2

Therapeutic1

Transport5

Reduction1

Complications1