Polyketide synthasePalmitateCatalyticGeneSynthesisClaisenBIOSYNTHESISIndependentlyStructuralBacteriaDomainsPolyketide synthasesReductaseGrowing fatty acid chainPalmitic acidEscherichiaThioesteraseMammalianAcylBiosynthesisMycobacteriumRecombinantLipidsLipidCondensationDouble bondsDehydrataseCarbon chainHumansLong-chainAnimalProductionResultsFormContentDomainClassesMarineProductsGroupFoundLength
Polyketide synthase1
- The former contains the enzymes for novel benzene ring formation and phenoxazinone formation, and the latter contains enzymes belonging to a type III polyketide synthase and a cytochrome P-450. (go.jp)
Palmitate1
- Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate (C16:0, a long-chain saturated fatty acid) from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH. (wikipedia.org)
Catalytic1
- A new review article details how new structural insight regarding modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) helps us better understand the organization of catalytic events within a PKS module. (nature.com)
Gene3
- Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FASN gene. (wikipedia.org)
- In this regard, whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous resistant mutants generated against an indazole sulfonamide (GSK3011724A) identifies several specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the essential Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-ketoacyl synthase (kas) A gene. (diamond.ac.uk)
- The invention furthermore relates to novel nucleic acid sequences which code for the Δ6-desaturases used in the method, gene constructs comprising these nucleic acid sequences, a vector and transgenic plants comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence or a gene construct. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
Synthesis2
- Fatty acid synthase is a multi-enzyme protein that catalyzes fatty acid synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Type II is found in archaea, bacteria and plant plastids, and is characterized by the use of discrete, monofunctional enzymes for fatty acid synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Claisen1
- The fatty acids are synthesized by a series of decarboxylative Claisen condensation reactions from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
BIOSYNTHESIS1
- Biosynthesis of 6-deoxyerythronolide B by the modular PKS 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase. (nature.com)
Independently2
- Yeast FAS has a highly efficient rigid barrel-like structure with 6 reaction chambers which synthesize fatty acids independently, while the mammalian FAS has an open flexible structure with only two reaction chambers. (wikipedia.org)
- Independently of the type module, that means the number and nature of domains provided by the module as well as the polyketide intermediate that it processes, the critical step is the translocation of the growing polyketide to the KS domain of the downstream module for C-C bond formation and the simultaneous suppression of its re-loading into the KS of the same module ( Figure 2 ). (nature.com)
Structural1
- Type I systems utilise a single large, multifunctional polypeptide and are common to both animals and fungi (although the structural arrangement of fungal and animal syntheses differ). (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria3
- A Type I fatty acid synthase system is also found in the CMN group of bacteria (corynebacteria, mycobacteria, and nocardia). (wikipedia.org)
- In these bacteria, the FAS I system produces palmitic acid, and cooperates with the FAS II system to produce a greater diversity of lipid products. (wikipedia.org)
- Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) were discovered in the 1990s in bacteria and thousands of these proteins have been identified since then. (nature.com)
Domains1
- Polyketide synthases use a similar mechanism and homologous domains to produce secondary metabolite lipids. (wikipedia.org)
Polyketide synthases3
- The evolutionary history of fatty acid synthases are very much intertwined with that of polyketide synthases (PKS). (wikipedia.org)
- Polyketide synthases use a similar mechanism and homologous domains to produce secondary metabolite lipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, polyketide synthases also exhibit a Type I and Type II organization. (wikipedia.org)
Reductase1
- 14. The reductase domain in a Type I fatty acid synthase from the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum: restricted substrate preference towards very long chain fatty acyl thioesters. (nih.gov)
Growing fatty acid chain1
- The growing fatty acid chain is carried between these active sites while attached covalently to the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and is released by the action of a thioesterase (TE) upon reaching a carbon chain length of 16 (palmitic acid). (wikipedia.org)
Palmitic acid1
- In these bacteria, the FAS I system produces palmitic acid, and cooperates with the FAS II system to produce a greater diversity of lipid products. (wikipedia.org)
Escherichia2
- 12. Characterization of recombinant thioesterase and acyl carrier protein domains of chicken fatty acid synthase expressed in Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)
- 19. Heterologously expressed acyl carrier protein domain of rat fatty acid synthase functions in Escherichia coli fatty acid synthase and Streptomyces coelicolor polyketide synthase systems. (nih.gov)
Thioesterase4
- 2. Effect of modification of the length and flexibility of the acyl carrier protein-thioesterase interdomain linker on functionality of the animal fatty acid synthase. (nih.gov)
- 10. Structure and functional analysis of RifR, the type II thioesterase from the rifamycin biosynthetic pathway. (nih.gov)
- 18. Human fatty acid synthase: structure and substrate selectivity of the thioesterase domain. (nih.gov)
- 20. Comparative docking of dual conformations in human fatty acid synthase thioesterase domain reveals potential binding cavity for virtual screening of ligands. (nih.gov)
Mammalian2
- Yeast FAS has a highly efficient rigid barrel-like structure with 6 reaction chambers which synthesize fatty acids independently, while the mammalian FAS has an open flexible structure with only two reaction chambers. (wikipedia.org)
- 15. A mammalian type I fatty acid synthase acyl carrier protein domain does not sequester acyl chains. (nih.gov)
Acyl7
- 5. Analysis and engineering of substrate shuttling by the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in fatty acid synthases (FASs). (nih.gov)
- 7. Probing the mechanism of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III mtFabH: factors influencing catalysis and substrate specificity. (nih.gov)
- Role of active site histidines and lysine in Cys-His-His-type beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases. (nih.gov)
- 13. Mycobacteria Encode Active and Inactive Classes of TesB Fatty-Acyl CoA Thioesterases Revealed through Structural and Functional Analysis. (nih.gov)
- 16. Trapping the dynamic acyl carrier protein in fatty acid biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
- The two FabA-like DH domains in the E. huxleyi PUFA synthase function as 3-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
- The beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III encoded by mtfabH (mtFabH) links FAS-I and FAS-II, catalyzing the condensation of FAS-I-derived acyl-CoAs with malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). (birmingham.ac.uk)
Biosynthesis1
- Hence, introduction of DH domains controlling the dehydration process of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants might offer a new strategy to increase oil production in oilseed plants. (biomedcentral.com)
Mycobacterium1
- Mycolic acids are the dominant feature of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Recombinant1
- Meanwhile, overexpression of FabA-like Eh DH 1 and Eh DH 2 domains increased the production of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in recombinant E. coli by 43.5-32.9%, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipids2
- A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids . (lookformedical.com)
- A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids . (lookformedical.com)
Lipid3
- The expression of these domains in E. coli and A. thaliana can alter the fatty acid profile in E. coli and increase the seed lipid content and germination rate in A. thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)
- These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides , prevent insulin resistance , improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness. (lookformedical.com)
- They play an important role in LIPID METABOLISM in CELLS that utilize free fatty acids as an energy source. (lookformedical.com)
Condensation2
- The fatty acids are synthesized by a series of decarboxylative Claisen condensation reactions from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
- These alpha-alkyl, beta-hydroxy fatty acids are formed by the condensation of two fatty acids, a long meromycolic acid and a shorter C(24)-C(26) fatty acid. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Double bonds1
- A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds. (lookformedical.com)
Dehydratase1
- The dehydratase (DH) domain of a PUFA synthase plays a crucial role in double bond positioning in fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbon chain1
- FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. (lookformedical.com)
Humans1
- Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FASN gene. (wikipedia.org)
Long-chain1
- Long chain organic acid molecules that must be obtained from the diet . (lookformedical.com)
Animal1
- Type I systems utilise a single large, multifunctional polypeptide and are common to both animals and fungi (although the structural arrangement of fungal and animal syntheses differ). (wikipedia.org)
Production2
- The production of fatty acids are critical for the viability of all organisms, as they are used in a variety of vital biological processes including energy storage, biological membrane construction, and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
- Antifungal activity is via inhibition of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase production of BETA-GLUCANS. (lookformedical.com)
Results2
- UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS that contain at least one double bond in the trans configuration, which results in a greater bond angle than the cis configuration. (lookformedical.com)
- This results in a more extended fatty acid chain similar to SATURATED FATTY ACIDS , with closer packing and reduced fluidity. (lookformedical.com)
Form1
- These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form. (lookformedical.com)
Content2
- Moreover, the expression of tandem Eh DH 1 -DH 2 in A. thaliana altered the fatty acids content, seed weight, and germination rate. (biomedcentral.com)
- HYDROGENATION of unsaturated fatty acids increases the trans content. (lookformedical.com)
Domain1
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthase is a multi-domain mega-enzyme that effectively synthesizes a series of PUFAs in marine microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Classes1
- There are two principal classes of fatty acid synthases. (wikipedia.org)
Marine1
- A group of fatty acids , often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. (lookformedical.com)
Products1
- The component fatty acids are produced via a combination of type I and II fatty acid synthases (FAS) with FAS-I products being elongated by FAS-II toward meromycolic acids. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Group1
- Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. (lookformedical.com)
Found3
- [ 84 , 85 ] Furthermore, low concentrations of oxygen were found in lesions associated with acid-fast bacilli in drug-treated infections, leading to a notion that hypoxia could likely be the primary inducer of the nonreplicating physiology in M. tuberculosis . (medscape.com)
- FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. (lookformedical.com)
- Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood that are made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule. (lookformedical.com)
Length1
- Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. (lookformedical.com)