Homologies can be identified with high accuracy using molecularly defined DNA probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on chromosomes of different species. (wikipedia.org)
It was found that in most orders, there are species with rates of chromosome evolution that can be considered as 'default' rates. (wikipedia.org)
A seemingly logical consequence of descent from common ancestors is that more closely related species should have more chromosomes in common. (wikipedia.org)
During this phase, data on the karyotypes of hundreds of mammalian species (including information on diploid numbers, relative length and morphology of chromosomes, presence of B chromosomes) were described. (wikipedia.org)
Banding makes it possible to identify homologous chromosomes and construct chromosomal nomenclatures for many species. (wikipedia.org)
The banded karyotypes of 850 mammalian species were summarized in the Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
The fish species Synbranchus marmoratus has been reported to exist as a species complex due to high intraspecific karyotypic variability in spite of the difficulty or impossibility to distinguish them using morphological traits alone. (scielo.br)
2003. Recent speciation in the Indo-West Pacific: Rapid evolution of gamete recognition and sperm morphology in cryptic species of sea urchin. (scielo.br)
Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the karyotype structure of the Ringed Kingfisher ( Megaceryle torquata Linnaeus, 1766) and Green Kingfisher ( Chloroceryle americana Gmelin, 1788) and also compare them with related species in order to identify chromosomal rearrangements. (pensoft.net)
The highly skewed distribution of recombination events towards the chromosome ends in zebra finches and other estrildid species may function to minimize crossovers in the inverted regions. (biomedcentral.com)
With the aim of contributing to clarify questions concerning chromosomal evolution and phylogenetics of this family, we analyzed three species of subfamily Buteoninae (Rupornis magnirostris, Buteogallus meridionales e Asturina nítida) and two of subfamily Harpiinae (Harpia harpyja e Morphnus guianensis) by means of classical and molecular cytogenetics. (ufpa.br)
In this group of vertebrates, several new species have been described based on chromosomal characterization, since the importance of cytogenetic data is not only restricted to identifying the diploid number, morphology, structure and organization of sequences on chromosomes. (fapesp.br)
Cytogenetically, the species of the genus Melipona show variation in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along their chromosomes and can be separated into 2 groups: the first with low content of heterochromatin and the second with high content of heterochromatin. (karger.com)
In general, Melipona species have 2n = 18 chromosomes, and the species of each subgenus share the same characteristics in relation to heterochromatin regions, DAPI/CMA 3 fluorophores, and the number and distribution of 18S rDNA sites. (karger.com)
Morphology1
In addition, karyotype comparisons in Alcedinidae show a heterogeneity in the size and morphology of macrochromosomes, and chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 76 to 132. (pensoft.net)
Karyotypes4
Among the analyzed specimens, a large degree of cytogenetic variation related to diploid numbers and karyotype structure was observed, with karyotypes showing 2n=42, 44 and 46 chromosomes. (scielo.br)
Thus, it is possible chromosomal fissions in macrochromosomes resulted in the increase of the diploid number, whereas chromosome fusions have originated the karyotypes with low diploid number. (pensoft.net)
Avian karyotypes are characterized by internal variation in the size of chromosomes, presenting two distinct groups, macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. (pensoft.net)
These heterochromatin patterns and the number of chromosomes are characteristics exclusive to Melipona karyotypes that distinguish them from the other genera of the Meliponini. (karger.com)
Karyotype evolution1
These maps also provide an unprecedented opportunity to use multispecies analysis as a tool to infer karyotype evolution. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogenetic2
Finally, the integration of both molecular cytogenetic and phylogenetic approaches allowed the determination of specific chromosomes possibly involved in rearrangements and a better understanding about the evolutionary processes involved in the differentiation of Synbranchus genus. (scielo.br)
To better understand the karyotype organization in Melipona and the relationship among the subgenera, we mapped repetitive sequences and analyzed previously reported cytogenetic data with the aim to identify cytogenetic markers to be used for investigating the phylogenetic relationships and chromosome evolution in the genus. (karger.com)
Diploid numbers1
Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S . marmoratus complex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. (scielo.br)
Evolutionary1
It needs to be noted that the number of rearrangements that have become fixed in evolutionary history seems relatively low, due to 180 million years of the mammalian radiation. (wikipedia.org)
Recurrent1
The most recurrent numerical alterations were gains in rat chromosome 4 (RNO4) and losses in RNO15. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosomal evolution1
These data have also been extensively used to elucidate problems of chromosomal evolution. (fapesp.br)
Trends Ecology and Evolution, 22: 148-155. (scielo.br)
Folia Biologica (Kraków) is an international online open access journal accepting original scientific articles on various aspects of zoology: evolution, ecology, genetic diversity, and experimental zoology. (krakow.pl)
Specific2
Cytogenetic studies of human ECs have not produced very conclusive data, since many of these studies are based on karyotyping of limited number of cases and no really specific karyotypic changes have yet been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
The reported cytogenetic data are not conclusive, since they are based on the karyotyping of limited number of cases [ 6 ], and no really specific karyotypic changes have yet been detected. (biomedcentral.com)
Possibly1
The increase of the chromosome number in the Green Kingfisher possibly originated by centric fissions in macrochromosomes. (pensoft.net)
Size1
Genetic polymorphisms range in size from single nucleotides (SNPs) to large scale insertions, deletions, or rearrangements that span several millions of base pairs [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Distribution1
In Akodon cursor, the frequencies of chromosome rearrangements along their geographical distribution in Atlantic Forest have provided information about their dispersal pattern and population differentiation. (fapesp.br)
Diploid3
In both species, inverted DAPI karyotypes showed the same diploid number, 2n = 46, and hybridization of the (TTAGGG) n probe revealed interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) at the centromeres of almost all bi-armed chromosomes. (karger.com)
The first step of the Human Genome Project took place when Tjio and Levan, in 1956, reported the accurate diploid number of human chromosomes as 2n = 46. (wikipedia.org)
During this phase, data on the karyotypes of hundreds of mammalian species (including information on diploid numbers, relative length and morphology of chromosomes, presence of B chromosomes) were described. (wikipedia.org)
Comparative5
Chromosome painting and comparative physical mapping of the sex chromosomes in Populus tomentosa and Populus deltoides. (github.com)
Thus a record of the history of karyotype changes that have occurred during evolution have been attained through comparative chromosome maps. (wikipedia.org)
In order to facilitate future comparative gene mapping studies, computer-aided analysis of digitized metaphasechromosomes allowed development of a detailed Indian muntjac G-banded idiogram incorporating both ISCN-type nomenclature and quantitative estimates of the size of each band and position. (nih.gov)
Comparative chromosome painting in mammals: human and the Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis). (nih.gov)
Genomic1
Understanding genomes of other species and comparing them to HSA needs full karyotypic and high resolution genomic data to approach both: euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of the studied chromosome-content. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleolus1
The putative nucleolus organiser region (NOR) is observed on chromosome 4. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
Cytogenetics1
In order to check the types and extent of evolutionary conserved breakpoints we studied here for the first time the chromosomes of Hylobates pileatus (HPI) compared to HSA and Hylobates lar (HLA) by means of molecular cytogenetics. (biomedcentral.com)
Insights1
New insights into the karyotypic relationships of Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and gayal (Bos frontalis). (nih.gov)
Study4
This study provides full karyotypic data and previously not available data on heterochromatin-syntenies of HPI and HSA. (biomedcentral.com)
The introduction of FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) marked the beginning of a new era for the study of chromosome structure and function. (biosyn.com)
12. Cytogenetic study of a patient with infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia using GTG-banding and chromosome painting. (nih.gov)
Authors : Vladimir E. Gokhman : A brief overview of the current stage of the chromosome study of the insect order Hymenoptera is given. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
FISH1
An efficient Oligo‐FISH painting system for revealing chromosome rearrangements and polyploidization in Triticeae. (github.com)
Human2
The second step derived from the invention of C-, G-, R- and other banding techniques and was marked by the Paris Conference (1971), which led to a standard nomenclature to recognize and classify each human chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
However, application of heterochromatic human DNA-probes provided evidence that observed high chromosomal rearrangement rates of gibbons in HPI happened rather in these repetitive elements than in euchromatin, even though most centromeric positions were preserved in HPI compared to HSA. (biomedcentral.com)
Bands2
These techniques produce a characteristic pattern of contrasting dark and light transverse bands on the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
11. Three new cases of chromosome 3 rearrangement in bands q21 and q26 with abnormal thrombopoiesis bring further evidence to the existence of a 3q21q26 syndrome. (nih.gov)
Cell2
Each gene maps to the same chromosome in every cell. (wikipedia.org)
17. MYC amplification on double minute chromosomes in plasma cell leukemia with double IGH/CCND1 fusion genes. (nih.gov)
Model1
This suggests that the muntjac may serve as a model for investigation of karyotypic evolution and rearrangement. (nih.gov)
Studies1
Previous studies in hybrids detected multiple abnormalities of spermatogenesis and a high frequency of dissociation between the X and Y chromosomes at the meiotic prophase. (mdpi.com)
Complex1
18. [Abnormalities of chromosome 17 in myeloid malignancies with complex chromosomal abnormalities]. (nih.gov)