Joints elbow flexors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pronation is achieved through the pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis muscles. (medscape.com)
Common Flexor Origin (pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor carpi ulnaris) these muscles are hard to differentiate and share a common origin at the medial epicondyle. (wikidot.com)
The muscles on the anterior side of the forearm, such as the flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis, form the flexor group that flexes the hand at the wrist and each of the phalanges. (innerbody.com)
Five of the muscles share a common origin from the medial humeral epicondyle: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus and parts of flexor digitorum superficialis. (wikibooks.org)

Muscles connect to bones or joint capsules by connective tissue structures, such as tendons or aponeuroses. (physio-pedia.com)
inflammation of tendons and connective tissue in the elbow. (weisshospital.com)
a painful condition in which tendons in the forearm become attached to a bone on the inside of the elbow. (weisshospital.com)
inflammation of the tendons linking the muscles of the forearm to the elbow. (weisshospital.com)
a condition in which bones, tendons, muscles, or cartilage place too much pressure on a nerve in the elbow. (weisshospital.com)
There are two types of tendons present in the hand: the extensor tendons and flexor tendons. (scosortho.com)
Extensor tendons present on top of the hand help straighten the fingers, while flexor tendons that lie on the palm side of the hand help in bending the fingers. (scosortho.com)
If tendons are completely cut through, the finger joints cannot bend on their own. (scosortho.com)
Ligaments are strong rope like tissue that connects bones to other bones and help hold tendons in place providing stability to joints. (kbjs.com)
the position of its four tendons on the front of the distal part of the forearm is indicated by an elongated depression between the tendons of palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris. (wikibooks.org)
Flexor tendons with attached vincula. (medscape.com)
Pain occurs in the flexor pronator tendons (attached to the medial epicondyle) and in the medial epicondyle when the wrist is flexed or pronated against resistance. (msdmanuals.com)
and gliding or sliding of the nerve relative to the flexor tendons. (cdc.gov)

The flexor tendon system of the hand consists of the flexor muscles of the forearm, their tendinous extensions, and the specialized digital flexor sheaths. (medscape.com)
When pain subsides, gentle resistive exercises of the extensor and flexor muscles of the forearm are done, followed by eccentric and concentric resistive exercises. (msdmanuals.com)

At the elbow, it lies in a groove on the dorsal surface of the medial epicondyle (sulcus ulnaris). (medscape.com)
The ulnar nerve sends articular branches to the elbow joint and muscular branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus. (medscape.com)
On the posterior side of the arm the extensor muscles, such as the extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum, act as antagonists to the flexor muscles by extending the hand and fingers. (innerbody.com)

The biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis muscles are the major flexors of the elbow joint. (medscape.com)
First, you need to target each of the three major elbow flexors: the biceps brachii (long head and short head), brachialis and brachioradialis. (bodybuilding.com)
The brachioradialis and pronator teres are best recruited during elbow flexion with the forearm in a pronated position (palms down). (bodybuilding.com)
The brachialis and brachioradialis (two other elbow flexors) also assist with the movement of the preacher curl exercise. (beachbodyondemand.com)

Due to its attachment sites, the brachialis is a strong flexor of the elbow joint. (bodybuilding.com)
Brachialis T his muscle is the primary elbow flexor enabling bending of the elbow. (kbjs.com)
The brachialis is located underneath the biceps brachii toward the outside of the upper arm, is actually the stronger flexor, due to its proximity to the elbow. (beachbodyondemand.com)

The deltoid flexes the shoulder joint, and will load the shoulder if overdeveloped. (wikipedia.org)
The Flexor carpus flexes the knee. (wikipedia.org)
The digital flexor flexes the toe and knee and extends the elbow. (wikipedia.org)
Carrying angle decreases as the elbow flexes so also note if the elbow is held in flexion or extension. (wikidot.com)
Pronates and flexes forearm at the elbow. (wikibooks.org)
with strong action, flexes MCP joints of the 2nd-5th digits and also flexes the wrist. (wikibooks.org)
Each tendon arising from the FDP muscle flexes the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. (medscape.com)

A student of mine is experiencing discomfort, soreness, and on some days, pain in the left elbow that stays throughout the day. (yoganatomy.com)
A-Lateromedial image of the left elbow joint (head is positioned to the left of the image). (avma.org)
When compared with the left elbow joint ( Figure 1 ), the right elbow joint has more radiopharmaceutical uptake overall, including the caudal aspect of the radial head. (avma.org)
With your right hand, grasp your left arm, just above the elbow, and use your right hand to lightly pull your left elbow toward your head as your left hand reaches farther down your back. (thrillist.com)
Keeping your left elbow straight, raise your left arm directly in front of your chest, then reach it across your body, toward your right shoulder. (thrillist.com)

Frequently, the Flexor pollicis longus arises from the lower part of the coronoid process by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers. (theodora.com)
The muscles that flex the digits include the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and the flexor pollicis longus (FPL). (medscape.com)

It sounds to me like golfer's elbow, even though he's not a golfer. (yoganatomy.com)
One is, test if it's a particular kind of elbow pain called golfer's elbow. (yoganatomy.com)
So, usually, the golfer's elbow type of elbow pain has to do with how the grip is happening and the amount of gripping going on. (yoganatomy.com)

NOTE: the muscle is labelled "flexor digitorum sublimis" in this picture. (wikibooks.org)

The extensors are generally somewhat weaker than the flexor muscles that they work against, due to the relative ease in opening a hand compared to gripping something firmly. (innerbody.com)

The muscles of the upper arm are responsible for the flexion and extension of the forearm at the elbow joint. (innerbody.com)
On the posterior side of the upper arm is the triceps brachii, which acts as an extensor of the forearm at the elbow and the humerus at the shoulder. (innerbody.com)

Bend your right elbow and clasp your left arm just below the elbow with your right hand. (thrillist.com)
This artery travels across the inside of the elbow at the bend and then splits into two branches below the elbow. (kbjs.com)

The upper arm bone or humerus connects from the shoulder to the elbow forming the top of the hinge joint. (kbjs.com)
Ulnohumeral joint is where movement between the ulna and humerus occurs. (kbjs.com)
This bony prominence located just above the elbow on the outside is where the forearm muscles that straighten the fingers and wrist come together in one tendon to attach to the humerus. (kbjs.com)
These flexor muscles are all located on the anterior side of the upper arm and extend from the humerus and scapula to the ulna and radius of the forearm. (innerbody.com)
The anterior compartment contains the flexor-pronator group of muscles, most of which arise from a common flexor attachment on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. (medscape.com)

The medial elevation consists of the pronator teres and the flexors, and forms a fusiform mass, pointed above at the medial epicondyle and gradually tapering off below. (wikibooks.org)
Medial epicondylitis is inflammation of the flexor pronator muscle mass originating at the medial epicondyle of the elbow. (msdmanuals.com)
Pain around the medial epicondyle and in the flexor tendon origin confirms the diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)

Participants were eight boccia athletes (cerebral palsy, cervical spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscle atrophy) in whom throwing distance, ranges of motion at the shoulder joint, elbow joint and wrist joint and upper limb muscle strength were measured. (aearedo.es)
This workout assists to strengthen the hip flexors and the muscular tissues around the hip joint. (hipflexorsfix.com)
On the front of the elbow are two muscular elevations, one on either side, separate proximally but converging distally so as to form the medial and lateral boundaries of the antecubital fossa. (wikibooks.org)
La Miopatía de Bethlem (MB) y la Distrofia Muscular Congénita de Ullrich (DMCU) son resultados de una mutación en el colágeno VI. (bvsalud.org)

Dynamic stability is provided by 4 muscle groups that transverse the elbow. (medscape.com)
The median nerve crosses the joint medially between the 2 heads of the pronator muscle and consists of fibers from the C5-T1 spinal nerves. (medscape.com)
0.05) less depressed joint torque in the SSC at the longest muscle-tendon unit length compared to the corresponding SHO condition, without any differences in knee kinematics and fascicle behavior. (nature.com)
To induce long-lasting stretching on the plantar flexors and to improve standardization of the stretch training by quantifying the angle in the ankle joint while stretching, a calf muscle stretching orthosis was developed. (researchgate.net)
Muscle length refers to the ability of a muscle crossing a joint or joints to lengthen, thus allowing the joint or joints to move through their full available range of motion . (physio-pedia.com)
These tests look at movement across more than one muscle or joint. (physio-pedia.com)
However, while frequently used, research suggests that they do not provide accurate measurements of muscle length because they assess combinations of movements across several joints and involve several muscles. (physio-pedia.com)
If a one-joint muscle is short and limits the range of motion, you will notice a firm end feel caused by muscle tension. (physio-pedia.com)
[2] [7] To determine the length of a one-joint muscle, we measure the passive range of motion of the joint that it crosses in the direction opposite to its action. (physio-pedia.com)
Depending on the position of the shoulder joint relative to the torso, as well as the radius relative to the ulna, we can strategically emphasize one muscle group more than the others. (bodybuilding.com)
Almost all joints in the body are comprised of muscles that operate in pairs: one muscle acts as an extensor, to extend or straighten the joint, and the other muscle in the pair acts as a flexor, to facilitate the bending of the joint. (faqs.org)
Muscle strength grading smaller joints [ 6 ]. (who.int)
While research still can't find a conclusive answer to whether stretching does indeed reduce delayed onset muscle soreness after a workout or improve performance, it has proven that stretching can boost both flexibility and range of motion in your joints, which in turn aid injury prevention (aka lower your risk of injury). (marieclaire.co.uk)
Palpate the major muscles and muscle groups around the elbow feel for point tenderness, muscle tightness, abnormal tone, swelling, warmth etc. also be sure to observe for any signs of bruising. (wikidot.com)
This tendon attaches the biceps muscle on the front of the arm to the radius allowing suppination, rotation of the elbow. (kbjs.com)
This tendon attaches the triceps muscle on the back of the arm to the ulna bone allowing the elbow to straighten. (kbjs.com)
This is the large muscle on the front of the arm above the elbow that allows elbow suppination, rotation of the elbow. (kbjs.com)
This is the large muscle on the back of the arm above the elbow enabling elbow extension, straightening of the elbow. (kbjs.com)
To begin, for all levels I would strongly suggest incorporating massage of the forearms on both the flexor and extensor muscle groups. (adventureyogi.com)
In addition, muscle soreness often accompanies joint pain when facing inflammatory diseases like arthritis, chronic back pain and fibromyalgia . (naturalblaze.com)
In a study of 20 participants who did an elbow flexor exercise to induce muscle damage after a five-day supplementation period of placebo or 4 grams (g) of ginger, the ginger group had faster recovery of muscle strength but no change in muscle damage or DOMS following high-intensity resistance exercise. (naturalblaze.com)
Single joint elbow flexor exercise induced greater elbow flexor peak torque decreases and greater delayed-onset muscle soreness compared to multi-joint elbow-flexion exercise", the researchers concluded. (ergo-log.com)
In addition, the time course of elbow flexor muscle recovery was greater after single- compared to multi-joint exercise in highly strength trained subjects, even with subjects performing greater a workload during the multi- compared to single-joint exercise. (ergo-log.com)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between throwing distance, shoulder joint range of motion and upper limb muscle strength in boccia athletes. (aearedo.es)
05). Active training to improve muscle strength around the shoulder joint, regardless of the underlying disease, was considered likely to lead to improvements in competitiveness. (aearedo.es)
The preacher curl is classified as an isolation exercise, meaning it only involves one joint and one muscle: the biceps. (beachbodyondemand.com)
Hip flexor recovery exercises ought to be done to raise the series of activity in the front of your hip and also to reinforce the muscle team. (hipflexorsfix.com)
This exercise services the gluteal muscle mass in addition to the hip flexors. (hipflexorsfix.com)
Use of cortisone injections in the treatment of muscle and joint inflammatory reactions is becoming increasingly popular. (medscape.com)
The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic principles of muscle and joint injections. (medscape.com)
Sometimes, the debris coagulates and forms hard masses, scarring, and/or trigger points in the muscle or joint, preventing normal function from returning. (medscape.com)
Determination of whether the inflammation is in the muscle, tendon, or joint is of paramount importance. (medscape.com)
The results showed a reduction in shoulder flexor muscle activation during all three tasks (up to -45.46 ± 4.52% for the anterior deltoid), but increased extensor activation (up to 15.47 ± 8.01% for the latissimus dorsi) was observed when the task was not primarily performed above shoulder level. (bvsalud.org)
Many characteristics are common just like muscle disability and fatigue, contractures often in fingers, elbows, and ankles. (bvsalud.org)

Reproducibility of knee extensor and flexor contraction velocity in healthy men and women assessed using tensiomyography: A registered report. (plos.org)
Langen G, Lohr C, Ueberschär O, Behringer M (2022) Reproducibility of knee extensor and flexor contraction velocity in healthy men and women assessed using tensiomyography: A study protocol. (plos.org)
pain in left knee-joint. (abchomeopathy.com)
We measured the net knee-joint torque, rotational mechanical work, knee kinematics and fascicle behavior (m. vastus lateralis) of the upper right leg. (nature.com)
The biceps and triceps muscles of the upper arm are an extensor/flexor pair for the elbow joint, as are the quadriceps (extensor) and the hamstrings (flexor) in the movements of the knee. (faqs.org)
This life-size knee set from Axis Scientific offers a great view of the human knee joint including a functional joint and cutaway relief model. (anatomywarehouse.com)
The knee joint model offers fully functional flexibility, maintaining the level of anatomical detail Axis. (anatomywarehouse.com)
Your feet should be actively flexed, which will help protect your knee joints. (healthline.com)
When it concerns hip flexors rehab, among one of the most essential things is to make certain that you don't exacerbate any kind of existing knee discomfort. (hipflexorsfix.com)

The virtual forearm consisted of a single segment rotated around an elbow joint, controlled by flexor and extensor muscles. (yale.edu)

Note: I would alternate between a shoulder and/or triceps exercise of your choice and one of the elbow flexors exercises in the order I've arranged them. (bodybuilding.com)
Bodybuilders and fitness fanatics who like to do a full-body workout three times a week are better off doing as few isolation exercises as possible and as many multi-joint exercises as possible. (ergo-log.com)
The results of the present study suggest that strength and athletic trainers should take into consideration the effect of multi- and single-joint exercises on recovery during strength training periodization. (ergo-log.com)
Reinforcing the glute muscles can assist to take some of the tons off of the knees, and also exercises like isometric exercise as well as reduced leg increases can assist to boost the feature of the hip kidnappers as well as outlet joints. (hipflexorsfix.com)
There are a number of different exercises you can do to strengthen your hip flexors. (hipflexorsfix.com)

In addition to having technical expertise, experienced hand surgeons must have precise knowledge of flexor tendon anatomy to guide appropriate treatment of injuries to the flexor tendon system. (medscape.com)

What I mean by that is the flexors of the fingers cross the elbow joint . (yoganatomy.com)
Deep cuts on the under surface of the wrist, hand or fingers can cut and injure the tendon, and make it unable to bend one or more joints in a finger. (scosortho.com)
Any cut or laceration in the arm, hand or fingers can cause a flexor tendon injury. (scosortho.com)

inflammation of the elbow joint. (weisshospital.com)
chronic inflammation of the elbow joint. (weisshospital.com)

Because of this, it can sometimes be hard to pinpoint what type of elbow movement leads to pain and when this pain is a sign of a serious injury calling for a trip to the doctor. (weisshospital.com)

Also, see eMedicineHealth's patient education articles Repetitive Motion Injuries , Sprains and Strains , and Tennis Elbow . (medscape.com)

more common in weight-bearing joints, such as the knees and hips, this is when the cartilage of the elbow is damaged or worn out. (weisshospital.com)
Keeping your back directly, lean forward from your hips until you feel a stretch in your hip flexors. (hipflexorsfix.com)

Overuse injuries of the elbow and forearm are very common in athletes. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] This article includes injuries to the elbow capsule and olecranon area. (medscape.com)
Overuse injuries to the forearm and elbow are very common in throwing and racquet sports. (medscape.com)
The frequency of elbow and forearm overuse injuries is difficult to determine because of the multiple comorbid states and diagnoses that are possible (see Differentials and Other Problems to Be Considered). (medscape.com)
Unlike other joints, elbow injuries are not commonly due to arthritis or other wear-and-tear causes. (weisshospital.com)
Elbow injuries can be caused by overuse, trauma or, less commonly, wear and tear. (weisshospital.com)
Below are some common elbow injuries and causes of elbow pain. (weisshospital.com)
The Chicago Center for Orthopedics (CCO) at Weiss has orthopedic specialists covering every bone and joint, including experts in elbow, arm, and hand injuries. (weisshospital.com)

a condition where there is too much pressure in the ulnar nerve near the elbow. (weisshospital.com)

Same image of the right elbow joint as in Figure 1 . (avma.org)
Lateromedial (A) and craniocaudal (B) radiographic images of the right elbow joint of the horse in Figure 1 . (avma.org)
Transverse ultrasonographic image of the caudolateral aspect of the right elbow joint of the horse in Figure 1 . (avma.org)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an umbrella term for various hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTDs) mainly characterized by congenital joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. (hindawi.com)
OverviewThis exceptional collection of functional anatomical models offers a great view of the articulation of the major joints in the human body and their connective ligaments. (anatomywarehouse.com)

However, it is beneficial for all horses to not travel "on the forehand," as this decreases the concussion placed on the front legs and their joints, thereby decreasing the risk of concussion-related lamenesses such as sidebone, ringbone, and others. (wikipedia.org)

The proximal radioulnar joint allows supination and pronation to occur. (medscape.com)

Ligaments around the elbow join to form a watertight sac called a joint capsule. (kbjs.com)
There are four main ligaments in the elbow. (kbjs.com)

Of the 3 medial structures, the anterior medial collateral ligament (AMCL) is the most important, providing approximately 70% of the valgus stability of the elbow. (medscape.com)
a torn or stretched elbow ligament injury. (weisshospital.com)
frayed, torn, or loose elbow ligament due to overuse. (weisshospital.com)
and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. (theodora.com)

The classic triad of symptoms of EDMD that functions in maintaining cellctoccell adc are: early contractures, particularly of the hesion and conduction may be responsible elbows, Achilles tendon, and posterior cerc for arrhythmic involvement [ 5 ]. (who.int)

The nerve then runs anterior to the flexor digitorum profundus. (medscape.com)

a broken bone in the arm or elbow can cause considerable pain, even visible deformity. (weisshospital.com)
less common in adults than in children, it's caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to parts of bone separating, cracking, or loosening in a joint. (weisshospital.com)
You should always seek emergency care right away if there is a bone protruding from the skin or an obvious deformity in the elbow. (weisshospital.com)
Bone-phase nuclear scintigraphic images of the elbow joints of a 3-year-old Thoroughbred gelding racehorse that was referred for a second opinion regarding a marked, but transient, right forelimb lameness. (avma.org)
the bone diminishes in size from above downward, its lower extremity being very small, and excluded from the wrist-joint by the interposition of an articular disk. (theodora.com)

Kneading of the muscles with the thumb, pressing into the medial and lateral side of the elbow joint. (adventureyogi.com)

the Biceps flex the elbow and extend the shoulder. (wikipedia.org)
To target the long head of the biceps brachii, we should extend the shoulder joint slightly beyond neutral. (bodybuilding.com)
In order to effectively stretch the biceps, you have to extend each of these joints. (thrillist.com)
This exercise will assist to extend the hip flexors as well as also service the stomach muscles. (hipflexorsfix.com)

For the short head of the biceps brachii, we need to position the shoulder joint in a pre-flexed position. (bodybuilding.com)
This life-size shoulder set from Axis Scientific offers a great view of the human shoulder joint as a functional model and also an interior view with the cutaway relief model. (anatomywarehouse.com)
The shoulder joint model offers limited flexibility, while still maintaining. (anatomywarehouse.com)
the shoulder joint and shoulder blades move too. (ergo-log.com)
The exercise stimulates not only the biceps but also muscles in the shoulder joint and - above all - muscles in the upper back. (ergo-log.com)
coracoid process of the scapula (therefore it does not cross the shoulder joint). (wikibooks.org)

The humeroradial joint functions not only as a hinge joint to allow flexion and extension, but also as a pivot joint that allows rotation of the radial head on the capitellum. (medscape.com)

the Biceps Brachii flex the elbow joint. (wikipedia.org)
So what you could do is, you could have them pronate their forearm, turn it so the palm is away, and then when you flex the elbow, biceps is going to be less involved. (yoganatomy.com)
The biceps help you flex your elbow (bring your arm in, like for a biceps curl) and supinate your hand (turning it from a palm-down to a palm-up position). (beachbodyondemand.com)
The primary function of the FDS is to flex the PIP joint. (medscape.com)
The FPL inserts into the distal phalanx of the thumb, and its action is to flex the interphalangeal and the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the thumb. (medscape.com)

The biceps muscles actually cross two joints -- the shoulder and the elbow. (thrillist.com)

The arm in the human body is made up of three bones that join together to form a hinge joint called the elbow. (kbjs.com)
These bones connect the wrist to the elbow forming the bottom portion of the hinge joint. (kbjs.com)

Reach your left arm up into the air over your head, then bend your elbow, placing your left hand flat on your upper back, as flexibility allows. (thrillist.com)

No significant difference of joint torque was found in the steady-state for all SSC-magnitudes compared to the corresponding SHO contractions in session 1. (nature.com)

The elbow is a complex joint that consists of 3 true joints that function as 1 joint. (medscape.com)

This stretch helps to lengthen and also loosen the hip flexors. (hipflexorsfix.com)

The aim of the procedure is to restore the normal function of the joints and surrounding tissues following a tendon laceration. (scosortho.com)
Our elbow is held in place and supported by various soft tissues. (kbjs.com)

Medial epicondylitis is caused by any activity that places a valgus force on the elbow or that involves forcefully flexing the volar forearm muscles, as occurs during pitching, golfing with improper technique, serving a tennis ball (particularly with top spin, with a racket that is too heavy or too tightly strung or has an undersized grip, or with heavy balls), and throwing a javelin. (msdmanuals.com)

The possible complications of flexor tendon repair include pain, bleeding, infection, stiffness, rupture of the repair, and damage to the surrounding nerves or blood vessels. (scosortho.com)

By supinating the wrist joint during this movement, we place the fibers of the biceps brachii in a position that creates a line of pull directly opposite the resistance. (bodybuilding.com)

when the forearm and upper arm bones become out of place with each other, the elbow joint is dislocated. (weisshospital.com)
Hip flexors are muscles in the front of the upper leg that assist raise the hip. (hipflexorsfix.com)

The elbow joint is actually three separate joints surrounded by a watertight sac called a joint capsule. (kbjs.com)
This capsule surrounds the elbow joint and contains lubricating fluid called synovial fluid. (kbjs.com)

Anatomy52

Diseases23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes29

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Health Care2

Carpi radialis4

Tendons13

Muscles of the forearm2

Ulnaris3

Brachioradialis4

Brachialis3

Flexes7

Left elbow5

Pollicis longus2

Golfer's elbow3

Digitorum sublimis1

Extensors1

Forearm at the elbow2

Below the elbow2

Humerus5

Medial epicondyle3

Muscular4

Muscle34

Knee9

Extensor muscles1

Exercises5

Anatomy1

Fingers3

Inflammation2

Type of elbow1

Tennis Elbow1

Hips2

Injuries8

Ulnar nerve1

Right elbow3

Connective2

Decreases1

Proximal1

Ligaments2

Ligament4

Posterior1

Anterior1

Bone5

Lateral side1

Extend4

Shoulder joint6

Radial1

Flex5

Biceps muscles1

Hinge joint2

Bend1

Torque1

Consists1

Lengthen1

Tissues2

Valgus1

Stiffness1

Wrist joint1

Upper2

Capsule2