• A joint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elbow joint effusion is commonly seen in intra-articular fractures. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 11 Most fractures involving the intra-articular osseous structures will lead to joint effusion. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 2 However, intra-articular fractures can be present without joint effusion, with radius neck fractures being the most common such fracture (Figure 4). (appliedradiology.com)
  • Raised suprapatellar fat pad suggesting intra-articular knee effusion. (sicot.org)
  • Septic arthritis is the intra-articular infection of a synovial joint. (rch.org.au)
  • The ligaments of the knee joint can be divided into the extracapsular ligaments and intra-articular ligaments. (medscape.com)
  • Local (intra-articular or intralesional) injection of [CV004 trade name] may be given as part of the short-term management of inflammatory joint and tendon disorders, and localised inflammatory and hypertrophic skin lesions including those of lichen simplex, lichen planus, granuloma annulare, discoid lupus erythematosus, and keloids. (who.int)
  • exp Hip joint OR exp hip OR hip$.mp} AND {exp pain OR pain$.mp OR irritable$.mp OR limp$.mp OR exp synovitis OR synovitis.mp}) AND {exp pediatric OR pediatric$.mp OR paediatric.mp OR child$] AND {exp ultrasonography OR ultrasound$.mp} LIMIT to human AND english. (bestbets.org)
  • Like other joints of the musculoskeletal system it can be affected by the same diseases and disorders, such as disc displacement, degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis - OA), inflammatory arthritis and synovitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign proliferative condition affecting synovial membranes of joints, bursae or tendons, resulting from possibly neoplastic synovial proliferation with villous and nodular projections and haemosiderin deposition. (sicot.org)
  • Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee joint: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using standard and dynamic paramagnetic contrast media. (sicot.org)
  • Abnormal cartilage congruency and joint debris lead to a synovitis and subsequent arthritis and continued cartilage breakdown. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent with a resultant large effusion due to inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gout is usually present with recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis (red, tender, hot, swollen joint). (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common cause of Joint Effusion is Arthritis. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Since so many people suffer from Arthritis and are at high risk of getting Joint Effusion, we think it's important you know all you can about it. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • A. Nutritional deficiencies are common in arthritis sufferers which are why doctors often recommend their arthritis patient to take dietary supplements containing these nutrients to ease joint pain. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • A. Arthritis is a condition that affects the body's musculoskeletal system, mainly the joints. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Joint aspiration is useful for distinguishing inflammatory from noninflammatory musculoskeletal disorders and is the gold standard for ruling out septic arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • Soft-tissue swelling and early erosions in the proximal interphalangeal joints in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis of the hands. (medscape.com)
  • Ultrasonography-guided synovial biopsy of the second metacarpophalangeal joint of the right hand in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis of the hands. (medscape.com)
  • With non-erosive arthritis, the bones around joints don't get destroyed. (healingwell.com)
  • Given that he had no other obvious cause for an effusion he was continued on Keflex for septic arthritis for 5 weeks. (wku.edu)
  • A joint may simply be painful (arthralgia) or may also be inflamed (arthritis). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pain in a single joint may be caused by arthritis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infectious Arthritis Infectious arthritis is infection in the fluid and tissues of a joint usually caused by bacteria but occasionally by viruses or fungi. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Arthritis due to damage of joint. (msdmanuals.com)
  • At all ages, injury, infection, and crystals in the joint (often called crystal-induced arthritis) are the most common causes of sudden pain in a single joint. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Calcium Pyrophosphate (CPP) Arthritis Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) arthritis (previously called pseudogout) is a disorder caused by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the joint cartilage, leading to intermittent. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While aspiration of the joint is considered the gold standard of treatment, this can be difficult for joints such as the hip. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound may be used both to verify the existence of an effusion and to guide aspiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • In patients with a joint prosthesis, it is preferable that aspiration be done by or discussed with an orthopedic surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • Your synovial fluid will be collected in a procedure called arthrocentesis, also known as joint aspiration. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Joint aspiration showed bloody coloured synovial fluid. (sicot.org)
  • On follow-up, an aspiration was done with 55mL of clear yellow joint fluid removed. (wku.edu)
  • For greater efficacy, US can be used to diagnose joint effusion and can also be used to provide real-time imaging for aspiration. (cdc.gov)
  • Potential damage to cartilage can be minimized by understanding the joint anatomy and by avoiding further advancement of the needle into the joint space, indicated by synovial fluid entering the syringe. (medscape.com)
  • It is a chronic, progressive disease that causes joint cartilage to break down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chondromalacia patella can develop gradually, when the cartilage on the underside of a person's knee wears away, causing grinding and rubbing of the kneecap over the knee joint during movement. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When the knee bends, the patella glides over the knee joint, and this layer of cartilage protects the knee joint from damage while supporting its full range of movement. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • MRI scans can show the degree of cartilage deterioration in the knee joint. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Notably, as joint cartilage starts to lose water content, the number of chondrocytes decreases and bone becomes more fragile, making it prone to fissuring, pitting, and ulceration. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • No specific laboratory tests are available for OA, but in the future, there may be testing for cartilage-degradation products in serum and joint fluid. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • The disease is commonly referred as OA or as the wear and tear of the joints although it also involves the cartilage, joint lining, ligaments, and bone. (ukessays.com)
  • Osteochondrosis is a developmental disorder of medium and large rapidly growing dogs that is characterized by abnormal endochondral ossification of epiphyseal cartilage in the shoulder, elbow, stifle, and hock joints. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • As a result of abnormal maturation and vascularity, basal cartilage cells thicken and weaken, thus leading to cartilage cracks, fissures, and flap formation (osteochondritis dissecans) after minor trauma or normal pressure to the joint. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Cartilage flaps can break loose and attach to the joint capsule or migrate and deleteriously affect joint motion. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Arthrography can be used to delineate cartilage flaps, and arthroscopy can also be performed to identify and treat cartilage or joint lesions. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Joint fluid modifiers such as polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (4.4 mg/kg, IM, twice a week for 4 weeks) may also help prevent cartilage degeneration. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • [ 1 ] It can be thought of as a degenerative disorder arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular (hyaline) cartilage in the synovial joints. (medscape.com)
  • However, the current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium. (medscape.com)
  • In layman's terms, it's a buildup of fluid in your joint space. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Note the high signal intensity simulating the presence of surrounding fluid from the joint effusion. (medscape.com)
  • In elbow effusion, the posterior fat pad is displaced dorsally and superiorly by the joint fluid. (appliedradiology.com)
  • The anterior fat pad, which is normally visible on the lateral radiograph, loses its normal "teardrop' shape and develops a "sail" shape with a concave inferior margin as it is lifted off the humerus by the joint fluid (Figure 3). (appliedradiology.com)
  • The fluid cushions the ends of bones and reduces friction when you move your joints. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Joint effusion , a condition that happens when too much fluid builds up around a joint. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When it affects the knee, it may be referred to as knee effusion or fluid on the knee. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A doctor may decide to inject steroids or remove fluid from the knee joint. (drugwatch.com)
  • Using real-time ultrasound guidance hardware and software, insert a 20G 31/2" long spinal needle into the joint capsule and aspirate the fluid off. (virtualpediatrichospital.org)
  • This is when fluid gathers at the knee joint, causing swelling . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Fluid from the joint space was sent for microscopy and culture and the results were negative for all organisms including acidfast bacilli. (scielo.org.za)
  • Fluid may collect within the joint (called an effusion). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The presence of noninflammatory joint fluid helps distinguish osteoarthritis from other causes of joint pain. (medscape.com)
  • 43% of 23 children with an effusion on ultrasound had iliopsoas fatty layer sign on plain x-ray, while 52% had and abnormal capsular fat pad sign. (bestbets.org)
  • 58 of 235 patients with effusions on ultrasound had abnormal x-rays. (bestbets.org)
  • Ultrasound is more sensitive than plain x-ray at detecting hip effusions in children. (bestbets.org)
  • Ultrasound demonstrated a posterior joint effusion with echogenic material ( Figure 2 ). (scielo.org.za)
  • Ultrasound for all three possibilities in the differential diagnosis will demonstrate an effusion with loose bodies or a complex mass. (scielo.org.za)
  • The aim of the study was to evaluate the ultrasound (US) findings in soft tissues and joints during screw resorption. (bvsalud.org)
  • â ¢ The resulting ultrasound findings in children's soft tissues and joints closely resemble those of soft tissue infection or osteosynthesis-associated infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronically inflamed joints with proliferation and hypertrophy of the synovium may occasionally be complicated by rice bodies. (scielo.org.za)
  • Her investigations included an echocardiogram, which revealed a large pericardial effusion and a subsequent CT-thorax/abdomen/pelvis showing extensive retroperitoneal, pericardial and periaortic inflammation and soft-tissue infiltration. (bmj.com)
  • A subset of individuals have been found to have pericarditis or pericardial effusion during the neonatal or infantile period. (nih.gov)
  • Donnelly, et al, reviewed the follow-up radiographs of 54 children with a history of trauma and elbow effusion without visible fractures on initial radiographs. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Radiographs likely show non-specific features such as joint effusion and bone erosions. (sicot.org)
  • Plain radiographs of the affected joints may be normal for both rice bodies and early phases of synovial chondromatosis. (scielo.org.za)
  • The truth however is that when allergies cause inflammation, joint pains are inevitable. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Elastic supports also help to reduce swelling, effusion and inflammation. (ottobock.com)
  • The synovial lining of a joint , bursa , or tendon sheath undergoes nodular proliferation, and fragments may break off from the synovial surface into the joint. (medscape.com)
  • Unfortunately, C suffered with a tear/rupture to his medial retinaculum, a tendon that crosses the inner side of the knee joint. (bondsolon.com)
  • MSK US can incorporate both static and real-time scanning through a tendon or joints normal range of motion. (cdc.gov)
  • It also is an effective therapeutic option for pain relief, injection of medications, or drainage of a septic or inflammatory effusion. (medscape.com)
  • Although occasional flares of joint pain occur throughout the course of the disease, these can usually be controlled with the use of anti-inflammatory medication, especially early in their course. (medscape.com)
  • Pain was described as diffuse with no associated erythema, fevers, chills, swelling in other joints, or mechanical symptoms. (wku.edu)
  • 2 The capsule of the elbow joint attaches to the margins of the trochlea and capitellum, the coronoid process, and the neck of the radius. (appliedradiology.com)
  • The elbow joint effusion was identified by dorsal displacement of the posterior fat pad and the sail sign, representing an anterior fat pad elevation. (radiopaedia.org)
  • We describe a patient with a chronic monoarthritis of unknown aetiology who presented with rice bodies in the right elbow joint demonstrated on MRI. (scielo.org.za)
  • Locations of the lesions include the head of the humerus (shoulder joint), the medial aspect of the humeral condyle (elbow joint), the femoral condyles (stifle joint), and the trochlear ridges of the talus (hock joint). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Additionally, fragmented medial coronoid process and ununited anconeal process in the elbow joint may be related conditions. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Erosions may be detected first either in the MCP and PIP joints or at the carpal bones. (medscape.com)
  • It is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood that crystallizes and deposits in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clinician performing the procedure should be familiar with the anatomy of the involved joint in order to avoid puncture of tendons, blood vessels, and nerves. (medscape.com)
  • Patella injury, knee surgery, injury of the tendons or ligaments around the knee joint, or a bone fracture can cause the knee joint to move abnormally. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Clinicians can visualize when and where the patient experiences symptoms: snapping tendons, catches in joints, or impingement can be assessed across the range of motion. (cdc.gov)
  • Fractures involving the bone outside of the capsular attachments, such as avulsion fractures of the medial epicondyle, will not result in an elbow effusion. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Most cases are spread to the bone or joint via the bloodstream. (rch.org.au)
  • changes may include flattening of joint surfaces, subchondral bone lucency or sclerosis, osteophytosis, joint effusion, and "joint mice. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The approach to diagnosis depends on the joint involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can lead to irreversible joint damage in the event of delayed diagnosis or mismanagement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different authors report varying positive predictive values of elbow effusion in the diagnosis of occult elbow fractures. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 7 In our experience, inaccurate interpretation of the elbow fat pads is not uncommon and can lead to either a false positive or a false negative diagnosis of elbow effusion. (appliedradiology.com)
  • When arthrocentesis is performed through infected skin for the diagnosis of a potentially septic joint, IV antibiotics should be given immediately following the procedure. (medscape.com)
  • Mean ± SD scores for lameness (A), joint flexion (B), and joint effusion (C) in horses that had undergone experimental induction of osteoarthritis in 1 middle carpal joint and a sham operation in the other middle carpal joint, followed by oral treatment with ASU extracts (1:2 [avocado-to-soybean] ratio mixed in 6 mL of molasses) or molasses (6 mL) alone (placebo treatment) once daily from days 0 to 70. (avma.org)
  • Presents similarly to osteoarthritis , with chronic joint pain, reduced range of motion and function, and reduced quality of life. (radiopaedia.org)
  • In fact, illnesses that affect our joints such as osteoarthritis of the knee or injuries such as torn ligaments are not only painful but can also severely impact our mobility. (ottobock.com)
  • Surgical management of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) lesions is multifaceted, aiming for pain relief, restoration of joint surface integrity, as well as prevention of secondary osteoarthritis. (thieme-connect.com)
  • 13 ] This lack of structural strength and persistent joint incongruity leads to mixed functional results and the progression of osteoarthritis, especially with large defects. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Osteoarthritis is a disease in the joints that usually affects middle-age to elderly people. (ukessays.com)
  • Osteoarthritis (see the image below) is the most common type of joint disease, affecting more than 20 million individuals in the United States alone. (medscape.com)
  • Joint Effusion is more commonly known as "Water on the Knee" as it mostly affects knee joints. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • 3-5 Fortunately, effusions can be detected at radiography, the imaging procedure most commonly used to diagnose elbow injuries. (appliedradiology.com)
  • PVNS is most commonly mono articular (80% knee joint) but occasionally it can be oligo articular [1]. (sicot.org)
  • The etiology is unknown, but trauma and repetitive stress on the joints (as seen most commonly in athletes) can lead to earlier disease. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • You may need this test if you have symptoms of a joint disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A. Omega XL is a dietary supplement that is designed to help people with painful joints. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Hot, painful swelling in joints with stiffness and tearing pain in connective tissues, better for motion and worse for rest. (hpathy.com)
  • Supports such as the Genu Sensa offer freedom of movement while also supporting the joint if your knee feels painful or weak. (ottobock.com)
  • For a particularly painful joint not helped with these measures, the lidocaine patch (Lidoderm) can be prescribed, but this is an off-label use. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • 1 Most are associated with joint effusion, 2 which may suggest occult fracture where none is visible. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 6 Al-Aubaidi, et al, performed MRI scans in 24 children with effusion and found a fracture in 6 (23%) of these patients. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 3,4 Despite the wide variation of these results, it is clear that not all children with effusion on initial presentation have an occult fracture. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Skyline view of the patella demonstrating a large joint effusion as marked by the arrow. (wikipedia.org)
  • Al-Aubaidi, et al, found the anterior fat pad to be more sensitive than the posterior fat pad in detecting effusion, while finding the posterior fat pad to be more specific for underlying osseous injury. (appliedradiology.com)
  • A person may experience crunching, pain, and stiffness in their knee joints during certain movements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Complications such as high recurrence rate from arthroscopic synovectomy and joint stiffness from open procedure has been reported. (sicot.org)
  • Malaysia, Singapore proteinaceous pleural effusions. (cdc.gov)
  • There was a significant increase in lameness, response to joint flexion, and synovial effusion attributable to osteochondral fragmentation, specifically at times denoted by an asterisk. (avma.org)
  • Q. What supplement works best for joint pain? (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • A. Rarely do people associate joint pain with allergies. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Q. What causes pain in the finger joints? (jointhealthmagazine.com)
  • Facet joint effusion was not associated with VAS score for back pain, VAS score for leg pain, or ODI score at 2 years postoperatively ( p =0.317, p =0.159, and p =0.054, respectively). (e-ajp.org)
  • Synvisc-One knee injection complications range from joint pain to infections. (drugwatch.com)
  • According to the drug's maker, side effects sometimes seen after injection include joint pain and swelling. (drugwatch.com)
  • Clinical presentation is pain with joint effusion, which is usually chronic and slowly progressive. (sicot.org)
  • Swelling and pain in joints (especially the knees) that shift in location, worse at night and worse for touch or movement. (hpathy.com)
  • A 65-year-old male patient presented with a tuberculous knee joint effusion and occasional chest pain. (hindawi.com)
  • Ottobock leg orthoses and knee orthoses help to stabilise impaired limbs and joints and relieve pain. (ottobock.com)
  • Pain that is isolated to just one joint is called monoarticular joint pain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pain may occur only when the joint is moved or also be present at rest. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Joint Pain: Many Joints Pain that involves more than just one joint is called polyarticular joint pain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • You diagnose irritable hip and wonder whether x-ray or ultrasonography is better at detecting a joint effusion. (bestbets.org)
  • Zieger MM, Dorr U, Schulz RD. Ultrasonography of hip joint effusions. (bestbets.org)
  • Clinical signs are lameness, joint effusion, and reduced range of motion in affected joints or limbs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • By applying pressure to different areas of the knee, a medical professional will determine the degree of swelling and soreness in the joint. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Shooting, electric shock-like rheumatic pains that shift rapidly with hard shiny swelling of the joints that are worse at night and for rain or motion. (hpathy.com)
  • Swelling of wrists, knees, and elbows began before 4 years of age, while the age of joint involvement was variable. (nih.gov)
  • The pads support the affected joint and use compression to reduce irritation, swelling and oedema. (ottobock.com)
  • Trauma from ligamentous, osseous or meniscal injuries can result in an effusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • On 30 March, D aspirated the extracapsular haemarthrosis in the knee joint, which he thought had been caused by small vessel damage intra-operatively. (bondsolon.com)
  • When there is a high probability of a septic joint, the joint should be aspirated regardless of possible overlying cellulitis or the presence of bacteremia or septicemia. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, several studies have suggested that facet joint effusion detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indicative of segmental instability and that the presence of facet joint effusion and radiographic instability may predict an increased likelihood of achieving good surgical outcome following fusion surgery [ 2 , 3 , 19 ]. (e-ajp.org)
  • Based on reports obtained by the analysis of images in standard sagittal TMJs of symptomatic patients referred for magnetic resonance exam the presence of joint effusion arising from the positioning of the disc was evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Effusions detected in all patients by USS, but in none by x-ray. (bestbets.org)
  • The resulting US findings in the adjacent soft tissues and joints in pediatric patients may mimic infection, but are normal findings. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nous avons exa- miné les dossiers de 56 patients ayant eu un diagnostic de fièvre méditerranéenne familiale et suivis au Centre médical Roi Hussein en Jordanie sur une période de 4 ans afin d'étudier leur profil clinique, l'évolution de la maladie, le génotype, le traitement et les complications. (who.int)
  • En ce qui concerne le traitement, 97% des patients répondaient bien à la colchicine et une amyloïdose n'a été documentée chez aucun des patients après un suivi de 5 ans. (who.int)
  • At 6-week and 18-month follow-ups, mild joint effusion, unexpected soft tissue mineralization and a small joint mouse were present. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The olecranon fossa, radiocapitellar joint, ulnotrochlear joint and the proximal radioulnar joint are intracapsular. (appliedradiology.com)
  • In the hands, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and thumb interphalangeal (IP) joints are most frequently involved. (medscape.com)
  • DIP joint involvement without proximal involvement is rare. (medscape.com)
  • When joint subluxations and deformity take place, performing basic daily tasks (eg, writing and holding utensils) can become a problem. (medscape.com)
  • The primary effect of RA is in joint deformity and fusion, which occurs in the advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • Proper skin cleansing and the use of aseptic technique minimize the risk of introducing infection into a sterile joint. (medscape.com)
  • The ATS-CDC recommendations are contained, for the most part, in three official joint statements: 'Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis,' 'Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children,' and 'Control of Tuberculosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The resulting findings in the adjacent soft tissues and joints may mimic infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Concomitant signs of degenerative joint disease, other joint conditions, or instability (hock joint) deleteriously affect recovery. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • It also covers the anatomic basis of the fat-pad signs used to diagnose an elbow effusion. (appliedradiology.com)
  • The rest of the structures around the joint were within normal limits. (scielo.org.za)
  • The said changes might produce in other structures such as the zygapophyseal (facet) joints and may result to spinal stenosis. (ukessays.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of facet joint effusion without radiographic instability on clinical and radiographic outcomes of decompression for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). (e-ajp.org)
  • We investigated the effect of facet joint effusion on clinical and radiographic outcomes. (e-ajp.org)
  • Facet joint effusion was measured on axial MRI for radiographic assessment. (e-ajp.org)
  • Facet joint effusion was not associated with postoperative segmental motion at the index level ( p =0.953). (e-ajp.org)
  • However, there was a significant association between facet joint effusion and postoperative slip percentage ( p =0.014). (e-ajp.org)
  • Facet joint effusion without radiographic instability has no effect on the clinical outcomes of decompression for DLSS except for postoperative slip percentage. (e-ajp.org)
  • However, facet joint effusion is observed even in the absence of radiographic instability, and there are few reports on clinical and radiographic significance of this situation. (e-ajp.org)
  • This included the cardiology team for pericardiocentesis, the cardiac surgical team for pericardiectomy due to recurrent pericardial effusions and finally the haematology team for further specialist treatment with pegylated interferon and consideration of BRAF inhibitor therapy. (bmj.com)
  • Surgical arthrodesis 6 or joint replacement 7 can be an effective treatment for the end-stage disease. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Subjects with congestive gonarthrosis (joint effusion at clinical examination). (who.int)