Sequence alignment of the protein encoded by etrA reveal that the four cysteine residues that form the [4Fe-4S] 2+ cluster in Fnr are conserved in EtrA [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidized cysteine residues are highly reactive and can form functional covalent conjugates, of which the allosteric redox switch formed by the lysine-cysteine NOS bridge is an example. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Expression of ge1
this study demonstrates that EtrA acts as a global transcriptional regulator and, in conjunction with other regulators, fine-tunes the expression of genes involved in anaerobic metabolism in S. oneidensis strain MR-1. (biomedcentral.com)
Homeostasis1
CDO is tightly regulated in the cell to maintain cysteine homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
Mutants1
This assumption has been verified in a virulence test using well characterized mutants affected in glycerol metabolism. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Protein2
Crosslinking increases efficiency of CDO ten-fold and is regulated by levels of cysteine, an unusual example of protein cofactor formation mediated by substrate (feedforward activation). (wikipedia.org)
In particular, CDO responds to changes in dietary cysteine availability and protein intake, maintaining decreased activity with low cysteine levels and increased activity at high levels to prevent cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Form2
CDO oxidizes to cysteine sulfinic acid (which exists predominantly in the anionic sulfinate form in vivo). (wikipedia.org)
One proposed mechanism, supported by computational and spectroscopic studies, involves O2 binding cis to a thiolate to form reactive iron (III)-superoxo species (A), which then attacks the bound sulfur of cysteine to form a four-membered ring structure (B). Heterolytic O-O bond cleavage then affords a high-valent iron (IV) oxo intermediate (C), which transfers the second oxygen to sulfur. (wikipedia.org)
Important1
CDO plays an important role in cysteine catabolism, regulating intracellular levels of cysteine and responding changes in cysteine availability. (wikipedia.org)
Role3
The role of CDO may vary between cell types as it can either be used primarily for taurine or sulfate production or for degradation of cysteine. (wikipedia.org)
Transcript analysis further suggested a role of EtrA in prophage activation and down-regulation of genes implicated in aerobic metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation1
It oxidizes cysteine to the corresponding sulfinic acid by activation of dioxygen, although the exact mechanism of the reaction is still unclear. (wikipedia.org)
These results explain a mechanism whereby stem cells co-opt the proliferative functions of glutamine metabolism to generate transcriptional heterogeneity and establish differentiation competence by countering the mitotic self-renewal network via nuclear PASK. (biomed.news)
Iron-sulfur c2
(A) Riboflavin and (B) iron-sulfur clusters. (medscape.com)
In 2018 Nick was the recipient of the RSC's Joseph Chatt Award , in recognition of his contributions to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of bacterial gene regulation by environmental levels of oxygen, nitric oxide and iron employing iron-sulfur clusters. (uea.ac.uk)
IscS1
Phylogenetic analyses of E. histolytica IscS and IscU showed a close relationship with homologs from Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni , to the exclusion of mitochondrial isoforms. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme3
Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a non-heme iron enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid (cysteine sulfinate). (wikipedia.org)
Overall, the reaction involves addition of O2 to cysteine, which occurs spontaneously without enzyme catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
Here we identify inhibition of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI), the first enzyme in the mannose metabolism pathway, as a sensitizer to both cytarabine and FLT3 inhibitors across multiple AML models. (biomed.news)
Mitochondrial2
Here, we describe a novel pathway downstream of mitochondrial glutamine metabolism that confers stem cell heterogeneity and establishes differentiation competence by countering post-mitotic self-renewal machinery. (biomed.news)
We discovered that mitochondrial glutamine metabolism induces CBP/EP300-dependent acetylation of stem cell-specific kinase, PASK, resulting in its release from cytoplasmic granules and subsequent nuclear migration. (biomed.news)
Amino acids3
Akhavan khaleghi, A., golian, A., Hasanabadi, A. and Raji, A. R. (2016) Effect of Protein Levels and Sulfuric Amino Acids on Initial feed on Performance and histology of broiler chicks jejunum. (ivj.ir)
The high-affinity transporter is present in the apical brush-border membrane of the jejunum and is responsible for absorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids. (medscape.com)
Since α-ketoglutarate is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a product of transamination, its availability is governed by the metabolism of several amino acids. (biomed.news)
Biosynthesis1
Flavin biosynthesis is also under the control of Fur in H. pylori as well as another gastrointestinal pathogen, C. jejuni . (medscape.com)
Oxygen1
One proposed mechanism, supported by computational and spectroscopic studies, involves O2 binding cis to a thiolate to form reactive iron (III)-superoxo species (A), which then attacks the bound sulfur of cysteine to form a four-membered ring structure (B). Heterolytic O-O bond cleavage then affords a high-valent iron (IV) oxo intermediate (C), which transfers the second oxygen to sulfur. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic1
In concordance with these findings, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PASK or glutamine metabolism upregulated Pax7 expression, reduced stem cell heterogeneity, and blocked myogenesis in vitro and muscle regeneration in mice. (biomed.news)
CDO plays an important role in cysteine catabolism, regulating intracellular levels of cysteine and responding changes in cysteine availability. (wikipedia.org)
Levels2
High cysteine levels inhibit ubiquitinylation, which lowers the rate of proteasomal degradation. (wikipedia.org)
CDO is also regulated in adipose tissue, where high cysteine levels cause increased hypotaurine/taurine production. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
Collectively, our study indicates that the improvement of parturition duration by high fibre intake in late gestation is associated with gut microbiota, production of SCFA and other metabolites, potentially serving for energy metabolism. (cambridge.org)
Show1
Furthermore, crystal structures show the amino nitrogen and thiolate sulfur of cysteine coordinated to the iron in addition to a single water molecule (see figure). (wikipedia.org)