• There is evidence that certain injury patterns yield higher volumes of salvageable blood, that transfusion of autologous blood reduces the requirement of allogeneic blood and that autologous blood may be the only source of transfused blood in certain environments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Technology making the transfusion of allogeneic blood products feasible includes Karl Landsteiner's landmark identification of the human blood groups A, B, and O in 1901. (medscape.com)
  • Intraoperative blood salvage (autologous) or cell-saver scavenging, a method of collecting blood that has spilled from the circulatory system, washing and re-infusing it. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative strategies sections provide an overview of the commonly available blood conservation strategies in Canada. (com.mk)
  • Contributing factors to blood loss during liver transplantation can be categorized as preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative. (medscape.com)
  • Current surgical technique in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) usually includes the use of tourniquet, resulting in unapparent intraoperative bleeding but substantial postoperative blood loss. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • According to ISBT (2000) "patients should be informed of the known risks and benefits of blood transfusion and/or alternative therapies and have the right to accept or refuse the procedure. (blablawriting.net)
  • Because of many transfusion-related complications, especially those from large-volume transfusions, alternative therapies and approaches to transfusion are being investigated in transplantation and other surgical fields. (medscape.com)
  • Witnesses are taught that the use of fractions such as albumin, immunoglobulins and hemophiliac preparations are not absolutely prohibited and are instead a matter of personal choice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain medical procedures involving blood fractions or that use a patient's own blood during the course of a medical procedure, such as hemodilution or cell salvage, are a matter of personal choice, according to what a person's conscience permits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other fractions derived from blood are not prohibited. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fractions from red blood cells: Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • JW's will often accept transfused blood fractions/fragments (small amounts of blood cells). (my-medical-choice.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to assess obstetric and fetal outcomes of Jehovah's Witnesses (JWs) mothers in an inner city teaching hospital, as well as to examine the acceptance rates of various blood fractions and blood transfusion alternatives. (bvsalud.org)
  • The concept comprises early screening and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency, a transfusion and coagulation algorithm during delivery, as well as cell salvage. (karger.com)
  • Drugs are given along with the blood products, to help correct metabolic and coagulation abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Specific advances, including autologous transfusion with cell saver-washed erythrocytes, venovenous bypass, and argon-beam coagulation, have contributed to liver transplantation success. (medscape.com)
  • Anemia describes a diminished circulating red cell mass, expressed as grams of hemoglobin per 100 cc of whole blood. (medscape.com)
  • Postoperative Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring Is Useful to Prevent Unnoticed Postoperative Anemia and Inappropriate Blood Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (masimo.de)
  • What is the minimum acceptable hemoglobin concentration (transfusion trigger)? (brainkart.com)
  • Clinical Cases in Anesthesia : Blood Replacement : What is the minimum acceptable hemoglobin concentration (transfusion trigger)? (brainkart.com)
  • This includes the use of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and blood plasma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following medical procedures are prohibited: Transfusion of allogeneic whole blood, or of its constituents of red cells, white cells, platelets or plasma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following procedures and products are not prohibited, and are left to the decision of individual members: Blood donation strictly for purpose of further fractionation of red cells, white cells, platelets or plasma for either allogeneic or autologous transfusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Platelet Gel, blood is withdrawn and put into a solution rich in platelets and white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to BBC (2009), "some Witnesses will accept autologous procedures such as dialysis or cell salvage in which their blood is not stored and the use of packed RBCs (red blood cells), WBCs (white blood cells), plasma or platelets" (p. 1). (blablawriting.net)
  • Historically, significant blood loss at the time of liver transplantation has been treated with large allogeneic and autologous (cell saver) transfusions of packed red blood cells (PRBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets, and cryoprecipitate. (medscape.com)
  • People with A+ blood type are encouraged to donate platelets, whole blood or double red cells. (blood4me.com)
  • Donors with this blood type are encouraged to donate platelets and plasma. (blood4me.com)
  • AB+ platelets can also be given to patients of many different blood types. (blood4me.com)
  • Patient blood management (PBM) is a multidisciplinary and patient-centered treatment approach, comprising the detection and treatment of anemia, the minimization of blood loss, and the rational use of allogeneic transfusions. (karger.com)
  • We evaluated the safety and efficacy of Fluosol DA-20% (FDA) as a blood substitute in the treatment of severe anemia. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
  • Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. (wikidoc.org)
  • Should God's name "Jehovah" appear in the New Testament? (blogspot.com)
  • Allogeneic transfusion of whole blood and fractionated blood components remains a controversial topic with respect to transfusion triggers and practices. (medscape.com)
  • From these data, it is apparent that previously recommended transfusion triggers of Hb 10 g/dL and a Hct of 30% are unnecessarily restrictive. (brainkart.com)
  • Similarly, patients with significant valvular heart disease or poor ventricular function, as well as those in whom CaO 2 is limited by pulmonary disease or who are in hypermeta-bolic states with large oxygen extractions, should have high transfusion triggers. (brainkart.com)
  • Additionally, all healthcare organizations should have a code of ethics regarding blood donation to assist in dealing with conflicting ethical dilemmas among a patient and medical professionals. (blablawriting.net)
  • Your blood type determines what type you can receive and which type of donation you're encouraged to make. (blood4me.com)
  • An average whole blood donation consists of about 3.0 trillion red cells. (blood4me.com)
  • One whole blood donation is around 500 mL, which is a little more than one pint. (blood4me.com)
  • Further study should focus on the composition of salvaged blood, clinical consequences of autologous transfusion and injury patterns that yield the greatest volume salvageable blood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical testing of perfluorocarbons (PFC) as blood substitutes began in the early 1980's in the form of Fluosol DA-20% (FDA), a mixture of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine emulsified with Pluronic F68. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
  • Dialysis, wherein blood circulates through a machine, is filtered and cleaned, then returned to the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • These parents in New Zealand did not refuse medical treatment nor their doctors' advice, according to their own testimony, but simply wanted to have unvaccinated blood supplied by approved pediatric donors. (healthimpactnews.com)
  • Despite the theoretical advantages, the technique of autologous blood transfusion has not been widely adopted for trauma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A literature search between January 2000 to March 2014 of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane collection was performed to examine the current evidence regarding the use of autologous blood transfusion in trauma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There were few papers published on autologous blood transfusion in trauma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 2 ] Additionally, whole blood transfusion in civilian pre-hospital settings and in the trauma bay is seeing a resurgence in some regions. (medscape.com)
  • Blood transfusions can be life-saving in some situations, such as massive blood loss due to trauma , or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery . (wikidoc.org)
  • The history of blood transfusion originated with William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation in 1628. (medscape.com)
  • With Harvey's re-discovery of the circulation of the blood (which was discoverd by Ibn al-Nafis in the 13th century), more sophisticated research into blood transfusion began in the 17th century, with successful experiments in transfusion between animals. (wikidoc.org)
  • If blood loss continues during surgery, even if intravas-cular volume is maintained, oxygen-carrying capacity will eventually fall too low to meet metabolic demands, and red cell transfusion will be required. (brainkart.com)
  • Average blood loss after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) usually ranges from 1500 to 1900 cc, including both the postoperative drain and hidden blood loss. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Moreover, the issue of blood transfusions in patients who have religious, cultural, and moral beliefs about receiving blood transfusions as lifesaving medical treatments is a controversial issue in the medical field currently. (blablawriting.net)
  • Aspects addressed herein are the risk for perioperative death as a result of massive blood loss and coincidental complications, analyses of preoperative conditions, review of the assessment of coagulopathy, and risk factors for bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • To reduce morbidity and mortality as a result of uncontrolled hemorrhage, patients needing a massive transfusion, specifically addressed in detail later in this chapter, must be quickly identified so that immediate interventions can prevent the development of the lethal triad of coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) should be institutionally monitored by a blood utilization committee that can track initiation, cessation, component wastage, storage of blood products outside of the blood bank, transport standards, and compliance with applicable Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. (medscape.com)
  • According to the ISBT (2000) "blood transfusion practices established by national or international health bodies and other agencies competent and authorized to do so should be in compliance with this code of ethics" (p. 1). (blablawriting.net)
  • which is your own blood and/or cells sucked out, cleaned up, and stored to use later. (my-medical-choice.org)
  • If you have the A- blood type, you are encouraged to donate whole blood or double red cells. (blood4me.com)
  • Donors with O- blood type are encouraged to give double red cells and whole blood. (blood4me.com)
  • Opinions are embraced and defended, but transfusion of red blood cells has not reliably demonstrated increased survival, other than in 2 specific populations, as follows: (1) those with active hemorrhage, and (2) those with active cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Fresh whole blood has long been thought of as the criterion standard for transfusion, but the advent of whole blood fractionation techniques subsequent to World War II provided a means of more efficient use of the various components (i.e., packed red blood cells [PRBCs], fresh frozen plasma [FFP], individual factor concentrates, platelet concentrates, cryoprecipitate). (medscape.com)
  • Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, & Immobilization Biotechnology. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
  • Transfusion of red blood cells should be undertaken only to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity and never for volume expansion alone. (brainkart.com)
  • To openly question or challenge this doctrine could result in a judicial action leading to disfellowshiping if you are a Witness. (ajwrb.org)
  • Is it necessary for you to admit to the elders what you believe about the Watchtower's blood doctrine? (ajwrb.org)
  • But not all patients appreciate blood from donors or other blood products due to personal concerns about the presence of diseases and pathogens in the donor's blood. (com.mk)
  • A court decision in New Zealand today allowed a hospital to take custody of a 4-month-old baby simply because the parents wanted the hospital to use blood from their own donors who have not been vaccinated with mRNA shots for a heart surgery procedure. (healthimpactnews.com)
  • Potential donors found to be at risk for infection due to their answers to the questions or due to their temperature are not allowed to donate blood. (blood4me.com)
  • People suffering from hemophilia or sickle-cell disease may require frequent blood transfusions. (wikidoc.org)
  • to optimize patient care and minimize the demand for blood and blood products. (com.mk)
  • In 1971, hepatitis B surface antigen testing heralded the advent of screening to minimize infection transmission complicating allogeneic transfusion. (medscape.com)
  • Remember the goal of a Blood Conservation program is to provide optimal patient outcomes with the lowest exposure to unnecessary risks. (com.mk)
  • Autologous blood transfusion encompasses a variety of techniques used to recycle and reinfuse shed blood, typically lost during elective surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blood transfusions can be provided to an individual for many reasons including accidents, critical illness, or during surgery. (blablawriting.net)
  • Some will not even accept their own blood recycled during surgery. (my-medical-choice.org)
  • However, it remains unclear whether these differences in outcome are related to the transfusion as an independent risk factor or the transfusion is a marker for a technically more difficult surgery. (medscape.com)
  • You may need a transfusion because of the effect a disease, surgery, chemotherapy, or other treatments have on your blood. (blood4me.com)
  • [ 1 ] Increased blood requirements in OLT are associated with a more frequent occurrence of sepsis, longer stays in the intensive care unit, a higher rate of severe cytomegalovirus infection, and higher rates of graft failure and patient mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Thanks to modern safeguards, it is more likely to die from a lightning strike than to get an HIV or hepatitis infection from a blood transfusion. (blood4me.com)
  • The blood is collected using sterile, single use supplies and then a sample of blood is tested for infection. (blood4me.com)
  • Not only the risks of disease transmission but also those of ABO incompatibility, infection due to immunosupression, increased procedure costs, and increased length of hospital stay, are potential problems that foster blood saving strategies. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • which are geared towards ensuring that minimal blood will be lost during their surgical procedures. (com.mk)
  • The procedure can now be performed in as little as 4 hours, often with no or minimal transfusion. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, 71 unilateral TKAs using a multimodal protocol to decrease blood loss were compared to 61 historical cases. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Results showed no transfusion requirements in the TXA series (0%), with 23/61 (37.7%) transfusions in the control, with an average cost decrease of 240 euros per patient. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • As a conclusion, implementing a TXA-based multimodal protocol produced significant decrease in the transfusion rate, visible blood loss, and cost per patient, thus proving effectiveness and efficiency in the surgical management of TKA. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Infessura relates that, in 1492, as Pope Innocent VIII]] sank into a coma, the blood of three boys was infused into the dying pontiff (through the mouth, as the concept of circulation and methods for intravenous access did not exist at that time) at the suggestion of a physician. (wikidoc.org)
  • Richard Lower examined the effects of changes in blood volume on circulatory function and developed methods for cross-circulatory study in animals, obviating clotting by closed arteriovenous connections. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the final analysis, for the Watchtower Society's blood policy to be correct, they must be able to demonstrate with certainty that a blood transfusion is the equivalent of eating blood. (ajwrb.org)
  • One can certainly imagine the Watchtower continuing to reform its policy on blood. (ajwrb.org)
  • Furthermore, bear in mind that the Watchtower Society knows the truth about blood, and chooses to pursue a policy that frequently results in the death of members of the organization. (ajwrb.org)
  • Awareness of acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other transfusion-related diseases has led to the desire to withhold blood transfusion until absolutely necessary. (brainkart.com)
  • Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as "meetings" as scheduled by congregation elders. (common-sense-in-america.com)
  • NATA Symposium on Patient Blood Management, Haemostasis and Thrombosis. (masimo.de)
  • This website was initially belonged to a medical group of physicians and nurses who were committed to the education and research of blood conservation through a body called Physician and Nurses for Blood Conservation , hence PNBC . (com.mk)
  • In 1901, Austrian physician, Karl Landsteiner discovered that people have different types of blood and later won a Nobel Prize for his work. (blood4me.com)
  • Plasmapheresis, wherein blood is withdrawn and filtered, having the plasma removed and substituted, and returned to the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • AB- platelet and plasma can be transfused into any person, regardless of their blood type.This is the rarest blood type, making up less than 1% of the population​. (blood4me.com)
  • Allogenic blood transfusion associates the currently decreased risk of infectious disease transmission. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
  • Taking into consideration the history of HIV/AIDS and upholding COVID-19-related guidelines, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed adjusting blood donor eligibility from time-based deferrals to assessing donor eligibility using gender-inclusive, individual risk-based questions to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV. (ons.org)
  • Based on the data, FDA believes the implementation of the individual risk-based questions will not compromise the safety or availability of the blood supply. (ons.org)
  • Maintaining a safe and adequate supply of blood and blood products in the U.S. is paramount for FDA, and this proposal for an individual risk assessment, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, will enable us to continue using the best science to do so. (ons.org)
  • The literature includes cases of OLT performed without transfusion of any blood products and OLT performed safely without additional blood products if blood loss is limited to 1600-3400 mL. (medscape.com)
  • Human blood, unlike medical products, cannot be manufactured. (blood4me.com)
  • As a result, current indications for the use of whole blood are generally few. (medscape.com)
  • In summary, although it may not be possible to deter-mine with certainty the minimum safe Hb level for a given patient, there are guidelines on which to base transfusion therapy. (brainkart.com)
  • Transfusions, however-especially large-volume transfusions-are associated with a range of complications. (medscape.com)
  • When used correctly, it is a powerful system that can notify medical teams about allergies, procedures etc., right down to more personalised decisions such as people concerned about mRNA in blood , and/or, wanting a solution to vaccinated blood (as listed in the examples in some articles). (my-medical-choice.org)
  • Members of the group who voluntarily accept a transfusion and are not deemed repentant are regarded as having disassociated themselves from the group by abandoning its doctrines and are subsequently shunned by members of the organization. (wikipedia.org)
  • as well as efficiency of the already existing blood supply of the patient undergoing a surgical procedure. (com.mk)
  • The program will allow healthcare professionals to effectively plan blood conversations strategies relative to a surgical procedure. (com.mk)
  • In spite of widespread use, data supporting specific practice paradigms for whole blood and component therapy transfusion are lacking, the notable exception being in the primary treatment of hemorrhagic shock. (medscape.com)
  • Bleeding complications should be anticipated and blood loss reduced by interdisciplinary preventive measures and individually tailored care. (karger.com)
  • Preoperative factors associated with blood loss during liver transplantation include liver failure, cirrhosis, cholestasis, and splenomegaly. (medscape.com)
  • Other criteria, such as overall medical condi-tion or likelihood of continued blood loss, may be used to modify the transfusion trigger. (brainkart.com)
  • A-: A person with type A- blood can donate to a person with type A or type AB blood and can receive blood from a person with type A- or type O- blood. (blood4me.com)
  • B+: A person with type B+ blood can receive type B or type O blood only. (blood4me.com)
  • it had been suggested that blood from a gentle lamb might quiet the tempestuous spirit of an agitated person and that the shy might be made outgoing by blood from more sociable creatures. (wikidoc.org)