• Although bismuth-209 is now known to be radioactive, it has classically been considered to be a stable isotope because it has a half-life of approximately 2.01×1019 years, which is more than a billion times the age of the universe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides 209Bi, the most stable bismuth radioisotopes are 210mBi with a half-life of 3.04 million years, 208Bi with a half-life of 368,000 years and 207Bi, with a half-life of 32.9 years, none of which occurs in nature. (wikipedia.org)
  • This information naturally occurring or stable isotopes of americium. (cdc.gov)
  • detection of this decay meant that bismuth was no longer considered stable. (wikipedia.org)
  • A meta-stable isotope 176 Lu decays to its daughter nucleus 176 Hf with a half-life of approximately (3.5 − 4.1) × 10 10 yr (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
  • The probabilities for isotope creation are usually stated in terms of a "cross-section" for such a process, and it turns out that there is a sufficient cross-section for neutron capture to create isotopes up to bismuth-209, the heaviest known stable isotope. (gsu.edu)
  • Nuclear reactions, specifically of the (gamma, n) type, also known as photodisintegration, are utilized to accomplish this transmutation from troublesome, long-lived radioactive waste isotope(s) of given atomic mass to shorter-lived or stable materials of lower atomic mass, by exposing the troublesome isotopes to a high energy photon flux for a sustained time. (rexresearch.com)
  • The most stable isotope of promethium has a half-life of 17.7 years. (mineralseducationcoalition.org)
  • It is a highly radioactive metal that has no stable isotopes. (periodictable.me)
  • Germanium-74 Oxide Isotope is one of over 200 stable isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. (americanelements.com)
  • For example, technetium-99m, one of the most common medical isotopes used for imaging studies, has a half-life of 6 hours. (cdc.gov)
  • Intermediate decay product of 237Np Bismuth-213 (213Bi) has a half-life of 45 minutes and decays via alpha emission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bismuth-213 is also found in the decay chain of uranium-233, which is the fuel bred by thorium reactors. (wikipedia.org)
  • α-decay spectroscopy of light odd-odd Bi isotopes - II: 186Bi and the new nuclide 184Bi" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • The electron-capture decay followed by a prompt fission process was searched for in the hitherto unknown most neutron-deficient Md isotope with mass number 244. (jyu.fi)
  • We measure the total energy released from 176 Lu decay using a windowless 4 π solid angle detector based upon bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation crystals, where a natural Lu sample is located inside of the detector. (nature.com)
  • Most of these unstable isotopes undergo a process of decay whereby the excess proton is converted into a neutron, a positron, and a neutrino. (bmj.com)
  • Select an isotope to calculate its radio activity decay. (easycalculation.com)
  • Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the High Flux Isotope Reactor are the main suppliers of high-purity 225 Ac from the decay of existing 229 Th stocks. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • The graphic below charts the time it takes for the longest-lived isotope - a form having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons - of each of the unstable elements to decay. (sciencenews.org)
  • A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isotopes so produced are usually unstable, so there is a dynamic balance which determines whether any net gain in mass number occurs. (gsu.edu)
  • This generates new isotopes with a neutron-to-proton ratio that is energetically unstable. (bmj.com)
  • Even when plotted on a logarithmic scale, with the distance between points on the graphic representing bigger amounts of time as the half-lives grow, bismuth, the longest-lived unstable element, is off the charts. (sciencenews.org)
  • PET scanners contain several rings of scintillation detectors, usually made of bismuth germanate (BGO). (bmj.com)
  • Bombardment of the bismuth isotope 209 83 Bi with α-particles (helium nuclei, 4 2 He) results in formation of shortlived astatine and neutrons. (webelements.com)
  • In the future there might be means to produce isotopes with more and more neutrons, for which nuclear structure theory indicates longer and longer lifetimes until a "magic" neutron number 184 is reached. (lu.se)
  • Many valuable and rare isotopes have been identified since then (such as 10 Be, 32 Si, 44 Ti, 53 Mn, 60 Fe, 172 Hf, 207 Bi) and a project was started to extract long-lived rare isotopes from different matrix materials [1]. (psi.ch)
  • Product Description Bismuth telluride is a compound of tellurium and bismuth. (chinaqualitycrafts.com)
  • It's produced by sealing bismuth and tellurium metals in a quartz tube under vacuum. (chinaqualitycrafts.com)
  • In this method, iodine (isotope mass 127), tellurium (isotope mass 130), mercury (isotope mass 202) and bismuth (isotope mass 209) are measured in urine by ICP-DRC-MS using 100% argon as the Dynamic Reaction Cell™ (DRC) gas utilizing collisional focusing. (cdc.gov)
  • Urine samples are diluted 1+1+ 8 (sample+ water + diluent) with water and diluent containing tellurium and bismuth for internal standardization. (cdc.gov)
  • Solution: Radioactive or nonradioactive isotopes are manufactured by the nuclear transformation in an electrode and the combination of nuclear reactions such as neutron capture and natural nuclear disintegration of products made through the nuclear reactions. (rexresearch.com)
  • Embodiments of a method for processing radioacive materials, with a particular embodiment comprising processing uranium with hydrogen isotope plasmas, and a process for remediation of nuclear wastes by transmutation. (rexresearch.com)
  • In 1980, the Seaborg and a group of other scientists used a particle accelerator to propel beams of carbon and neon nuclei at nearly light speed into foils of the heavy metal bismuth- you know, the stuff you find in relatively large quantities in Peptol-Bismol, used for shotgun pellets, and a variety of other applications. (todayifoundout.com)
  • At left: A single crystal compound of gadolinium, platinum, and bismuth made with naturally occurring elements. (nanowerk.com)
  • In order to do these experiments, naturally occurring gadolinium could not be used due to its overwhelming neutron scattering cross-section, and the researchers used instead a costly isotope known as gadolinium -160. (nanowerk.com)
  • Here we have one advantage at least: Bismuth-209 and Fluorine-19 are both the only naturally occurring isotopes of those two elements. (blogspot.com)
  • Naturally, element 115 ends up in the main group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements, just below bismuth with its 83 protons, This would imply element 115 representing a rather volatile metal. (lu.se)
  • The bismuth target is cooled during irradiation to prevent the volatile astatine disappearing. (webelements.com)
  • Heating the bismuth target to 300-600°C under N 2 results in a stream of the elemental astatine that can be collected on a cold glass finger. (webelements.com)
  • In a recent study, Texas A&M University researchers have described a new process to purify astatine-211, a promising radioactive isotope for targeted cancer treatment. (tamu.edu)
  • Unlike other elaborate purification methods, their technique can extract astatine-211 from bismuth in minutes rather than hours, which can greatly reduce the time between production and delivery to the patient. (tamu.edu)
  • Texas A&M University is one of a handful of places in the world that can make astatine-211, and we have delineated a rapid astatine-211 separation process that increases the usable quantity of this isotope for research and therapeutic purposes. (tamu.edu)
  • The researchers added that this separation method will bring Texas A&M one step closer to providing astatine-211 for distribution through the Department of Energy's Isotope Program's National Isotope Development Center as part of the University Isotope Network. (tamu.edu)
  • Hence, astatine, particularly its isotope astatine-211, is an attractive candidate for a form of radiation therapy for cancer treatment, called targeted alpha-particle therapy. (tamu.edu)
  • Since the element has a very low natural abundance, astatine-211 is artificially made by bombarding bismuth with high-speed alpha particles. (tamu.edu)
  • In an attempt to simplify the purification process, Burns and his colleagues sought to use nitric acid for extracting the astatine-211 from bismuth. (tamu.edu)
  • Next, the researchers made astatine-211 by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles at the Texas A&M University Cyclotron Institute. (tamu.edu)
  • The net effect was that bismuth passed through the column, whereas pure astatine-211 remained collected within the beads. (tamu.edu)
  • The threshold zones are placed against a carrier material or close to vol. zones of metals or metal layers, composed of metals capable of absorbing \-1 atom% of hydrogen or its isotope. (rexresearch.com)
  • To obtain an electrode for cold nuclear fusion which can manufacture isotopes, precious metals, rare elements or thermal energy through nuclear transformation by containing as a material for the electrode a substance which can cause nuclear transformation. (rexresearch.com)
  • The mass spectrometer permits detection of ions at each mass-to-charge ratio in rapid sequence, which allows the determination of individual isotopes of an element. (cdc.gov)
  • Transmutation behavior, activity, and mass ratio of the obtained isotopes were investigated using the Monte-Carlo tool. (sinap.ac.cn)
  • He also discovered or helped isolate well over 100 isotopes, most notably Iodine-131, which if you've ever known someone with certain thyroid diseases (including some types of thyroid cancer), they may well still be alive, or have had their life extended, thanks to this one. (todayifoundout.com)
  • In addition, an in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic study of the neutron-deficient isotope 244Cf was made using the fusion-evaporation reaction 198Pt(48Ca,2n)244Cf. (jyu.fi)
  • Here, we report on improved laser spectroscopic measurements on bismuth ions of both charge states ( 209Bi82+ and 209Bi80+) at the ESR. (fnal.gov)
  • Chemical properties of Bismuth Atomic number: 83 Atomic mass: 208.9804 g.mol -1 Electronegativity according to Pauling: 1.9 Density: 9.80 g.cm-3 at 20°C Melting point: 271 °C Boiling point: 1420 °C Vanderwaals radius: 0.152 nm Ionic radius: 0.074 nm (+5. (chinaqualitycrafts.com)
  • The isotope of element 109 which was discovered has an atomic mass number of 266 (that is, 266 times heavier than hydrogen). (webelements.com)
  • Commercially, bismuth-213 can be produced by bombarding radium with bremsstrahlung photons from a linear particle accelerator, which populates its progenitor actinium-225. (wikipedia.org)
  • Looking down the periodic table there isn't a suitable atom for Radium transmutation until we get to Bismuth-209. (blogspot.com)
  • The measured electron-capture delayed fission (ECDF) branches in both of the new isotopes complement the experimental data available in the heavier odd-odd Es and Bk isotopes. (jyu.fi)
  • Given a neutron flux in a massive star, heavier isotopes can be produced by neutron capture. (gsu.edu)
  • For isotopes heavier than 209 Bi, the s-process doesn't seem to work. (gsu.edu)
  • They studied a compound of three elements, gadolinium, platinum and bismuth, known together as a ternary compound. (nanowerk.com)
  • The possibility of testing quantum electrodynamics (QED) in very strong fields by laser spectroscopy on heavy highly charged ions has been opened by the first observation of the hyperfine splitting in hydrogen-like bismuth in 1994 [Klaft et al. (fnal.gov)
  • However, it was suggested that a so-called specific difference between the hyperfine splittings in hydrogen-like and lithium-like ions of the same isotope can be used to cancel nuclear structure effects and provide an accurate test of QED [Shabaev et al. (fnal.gov)
  • We will present the measured transition energies of both hydrogen- and lithium-like bismuth and the experimentally determined value for the specific difference in 209Bi which is in contradiction with theoretical predictions. (fnal.gov)
  • This thesis reports on the production of the very neutron-deficient isotopes 178,179Pb and 179Tl, using heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. (jyu.fi)
  • The new element was produced by fusing an iron ( 58 Fe) and a bismuth atom ( 209 Bi) together in a reaction that produces a neutron. (webelements.com)
  • For the transmutation of long half-life isotopes, their surfaces are exposed to an electrolyte or a gas or plasma atmosphere to form intermediate layers or vol. zones of a number of structure layers. (rexresearch.com)
  • To see the isotopes that exist in the ScientificConstants package for a particular element, use the GetIsotopes function with the 'element' option specified. (maplesoft.com)
  • a µCi is one millionth of a changes it into an isotope of a different element or a curie) or 33,000 Bq of 241Am, and 1 g of americium different isotope of the same element. (cdc.gov)
  • only a few atoms of element 111, roentgenium, have ever been made through a nuclear reaction involving fusion of an isotope of bismuth, 209 Bi, with one of nickel, 64 Ni. (webelements.com)
  • The longest-lived isotope, 210 At, has a half-life of only 8.3 hours. (webelements.com)
  • Data for each element's longest-lived form, or isotope, are included, along with familiar comparisons (green). (sciencenews.org)
  • As for the result, when they were rifling through the carnage that was the result of the high speed collision between neon, carbon, and bismuth, the physicists discovered the they had successfully made several isotopes of gold. (todayifoundout.com)
  • In their compound, gadolinium supplies the magnetic order while the platinum-bismuth components support a topological electronic structure. (nanowerk.com)
  • A: Crystal structure of a gadolinium (Gd), platinum (Pt), and bismuth (Bi) compound that is composed of [B] a magnetic gadolinium-face-centered cubic sublattice and [C] a platinum-bismouth zinc-blende sublattice. (nanowerk.com)
  • A tracer is essentially a biological compound of interest labelled with a positron emitting isotope, such as 11 C, 18 F, and 15 O. These isotopes are used because they have relatively short half-lives (minutes to less than two hours), allowing the tracers to reach equilibrium in the body, but without exposing the subjects to prolonged periods of radiation. (bmj.com)
  • The isotopes are then coupled to the compound of interest-that is, the tracer. (bmj.com)
  • Two experiments aiming to study the shape coexistence and competing structures in 193Bi and 195Bi isotopes have been performed at the Accelerator laboratory of the University of Jyv askyl a, Finland (JYFL). (jyu.fi)
  • Pharmaceutical Ingredients Ranitidinebismuthcitrate Ranitidinebismuthcitrate FacebookTwitter CAS: 128345-62-0 Molecular Formula: C13H22N4O3S.C6H5BiO7 Molecular Weight: 651 Product description:This product is acid and bismuth agent complex, can restrain. (chinaqualitycrafts.com)
  • The main task of the Isotope and Target Chemistry group is the quantification, extraction and purification of valuable radionuclides from a broad spectrum of irradiated host materials. (psi.ch)
  • This isotope has also been tried in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) program to treat a variety of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently there are many approaches to producing these isotopes, for example, Targeted Alpha Therapy uses 225 Ac and 213 Bi, which are considered the most important alpha emitting isotopes. (sinap.ac.cn)