Isotope abundances. Medical search. Frequent questions

There are three known stable isotopes of oxygen (8O): 16 O , 17 O , and 18 O . Radioactive isotopes ranging from 11 O to 28 O have also been characterized, all short-lived. (wikipedia.org)
Radioactive isotopes of strontium (e.g., 89Sr and 90Sr, see Section 4.2) are the primary cause of concern with regard to human health (see Chapter 3). (cdc.gov)
The most important radioactive isotopes, 89Sr and 90Sr, are formed during nuclear reactor operations and during nuclear explosions by the nuclear fission of 235U, 238U, or 239Pu. (cdc.gov)
Further data for radioisotopes (radioactive isotopes) of curium are listed (including any which occur naturally) below. (webelements.com)
Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer . (wikipedia.org)

Comparing the amounts of the three lead isotopes, and relating those numbers to the known rates of uranium-isotope decay, gave the researchers their answer: 4.5682 billion years. (space.com)
Isotope notation is particularly important in nuclear chemistry, because if you're doing fission, fusion, alpha decay, beta decay, positron emission, or electron capture, you want to be able to tell how many neutrons and protons are in the nucleus. (onlinemathlearning.com)

The discovery of radioactivity in the early 20th century made it possible to study the actual structure and mass of atoms, which led to the discovery of isotopes, atoms of the same element with different masses. (flinnsci.com)
With the Bean Bag Isotopes: Relative Abundance and Atomic Mass-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity, investigate the mass properties and relative abundance of isotopes for the "bean bag" element and calculate its atomic mass. (flinnsci.com)
Dubnium has 12 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers from 256 to 270. (chemicool.com)
2021) coupled to isotope-ratio mass spectrometers.Empty cells = not determined. (openaire.eu)
An atomic mass of 16 was assigned to oxygen prior to the definition of the unified atomic mass unit based on 12 C . Since physicists referred to 16 O only, while chemists meant the natural mix of isotopes, this led to slightly different mass scales. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of amino acid 13C abundance from human and faunal bone collagen using liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. (ox.ac.uk)
The scope of compound-specific stable isotope analysis has recently been increased with the development of the LC IsoLink which interfaces high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to provide online LC/IRMS. (ox.ac.uk)
This enables isotopic measurement of non-volatile compounds previously not amenable to compound-specific analysis or requiring substantial modification for gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS), which results in reduced precision. (ox.ac.uk)
New metabolomics applications of ultra-high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry can provide thousands of detectable isotopologues, with the number of potentially detectable isotopologues increasing exponentially with the number of stable isotopes used in newer isotope tracing methods like stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) experiments. (mdpi.com)
Contains experimentally-derived protein half-life data obtained using stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry. (yeastgenome.org)
Atomic mass of Copper $=63.546amu$ Mass of $^{63}Cu = 62.9298amu$ Mass of $^{65}Cu = 64.9278amu$ Let the fraction of $^{63}Cu = x$ The fraction of $^{65}Cu = (1-x)$ The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of the constituent isotopes. (gradesaver.com)
In these lessons, we will learn about Isotopes, Isotope Notation, Atomic Mass Unit (amu), and how to calculate the Atomic Mass of an element. (onlinemathlearning.com)
The following diagrams show the isotopes of chlorine and how to calculate the relative atomic mass. (onlinemathlearning.com)
In this video, we'll learn about what isotopes are and how to write atomic number and mass number in isotope notation. (onlinemathlearning.com)
How do you determine and calculate isotope abundance when you know the relative atomic mass (also known as atomic weight), as measured in amu or atomic mass numbers? (onlinemathlearning.com)
If the relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45, what is the abundance of each isotope? (onlinemathlearning.com)
Stable isotope turnover rates represent the change in mass and/or time required for consumer tissues to reflect their new diet, allowing the calculation of an isotopic half-life for the tissue and isotope of interest (Boecklen et al. (springer.com)
Nuclear reactions, specifically of the (gamma, n) type, also known as photodisintegration, are utilized to accomplish this transmutation from troublesome, long-lived radioactive waste isotope(s) of given atomic mass to shorter-lived or stable materials of lower atomic mass, by exposing the troublesome isotopes to a high energy photon flux for a sustained time. (rexresearch.com)
13C by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

16 O has high relative and absolute abundance because it is a principal product of stellar evolution and because it is a primary isotope, meaning it can be made by stars that were initially hydrogen only. (wikipedia.org)
17 O is primarily made by burning hydrogen into helium in the CNO cycle, making it a common isotope in the hydrogen burning zones of stars. (wikipedia.org)
As some methods of isotope separation enrich not only heavier isotopes of hydrogen but also heavier isotopes of oxygen when producing heavy water, the concentration of 17 O and 18 O can be measurably higher. (wikipedia.org)
Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
Embodiments of a method for processing radioacive materials, with a particular embodiment comprising processing uranium with hydrogen isotope plasmas, and a process for remediation of nuclear wastes by transmutation. (rexresearch.com)
The threshold zones are placed against a carrier material or close to vol. zones of metals or metal layers, composed of metals capable of absorbing \-1 atom% of hydrogen or its isotope. (rexresearch.com)

Sedimentary molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U) abundances, as well as their isotope systematics, are used to reconstruct the evolution of the oxygenation state of the surface Earth from the geological record. (irb.hr)
The two sources of natural promethium are rare alpha decays of natural europium -151 (producing promethium-147) and spontaneous fission of uranium (various isotopes). (wikipedia.org)

Number of natural isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 1. (livescience.com)
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons. (onlinemathlearning.com)

This dataset contains the values of natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bulk samples and of nitrogen isotopes in amino acids. (openaire.eu)

The internal isotope reference assumed as 1.000 is reasonable for carbon, but the "rotating methyl groups" resulting from hyper conjugation between the C-H groups and the π system do have a small effect resulting in a predicted KIE of 0.996 rather than the assumed 1.000. (imperial.ac.uk)
Baseline separation of 15 amino acids and their carbon isotope values are reported with an average standard deviation of 0.18 per thousand (n = 6). (ox.ac.uk)
These heavier elements (such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, and iron) are present in about the same relative abundance as in the solar system, but there are important differences in elemental and isotopic composition that provides information on the origin and history of galactic cosmic rays. (hindawi.com)
carbon-12) isotope. (onlinemathlearning.com)
This method uses isotope dilution with carbon-13 labeled internal standards. (cdc.gov)
Ions from each analyte and each carbon-13 labeled internal standard are monitored, and the abundances of each ion are measured. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of carbon isotopes in the shells tells us about changes in ocean circulation, but also of local changes in upwelling areas. (lu.se)

the triple-alpha process creates 12 C , which captures an additional 4 He nucleus to produce 16 O . The neon burning process creates additional 16 O . Both 17 O and 18 O are secondary isotopes, meaning their synthesis requires seed nuclei. (wikipedia.org)

Heaviest particle-bound isotope of oxygen, see Nuclear drip line Natural oxygen is made of three stable isotopes, 16 O , 17 O , and 18 O , with 16 O being the most abundant (99.762% natural abundance). (wikipedia.org)
Due to natural oxygen being mostly 16 O, samples enriched with the other stable isotopes can be used for isotope labeling. (wikipedia.org)
For example, it was proven, that the oxygen released in photosynthesis originates in H2O, rather than in the also consumed CO2, by isotope tracing experiments. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore the 17 O(n,α)14 C reaction is a further undesirable result of an elevated concentration of heavier isotopes of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore facilities which remove tritium from heavy water used in nuclear reactors often also remove or at least reduce the amount of heavier isotopes of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Oxygen isotopes are also used to trace ocean composition and temperature which seafood is from. (wikipedia.org)
Oxygen isotope replicate analyses (T. Larson and F. Longstaffe, UWO) of acid-washed, bulk sample by laser fluorination gave δ 17 O = 3.16 and 3.3, δ 18 O = 5.10 and 5.51, and Δ 17 O = 0.44 and 0.51. (usra.edu)
Elements exist in different variations - isotopes - and it is the proportion of oxygen isotopes in the foram shells that, for example, reveals changes in global temperature and in global ice volume. (lu.se)
The proportion of oxygen isotopes in the shells reveals changes in global temperature and in global ice volume. (lu.se)

There are 26 isotopes of strontium, 4 of which occur naturally. (cdc.gov)
This table shows information about naturally occuring isotopes , their atomic masses , their natural abundances , their nuclear spins , and their magnetic moments . (webelements.com)
This is not to be confused with the relative percentage isotope abundances which totals 100% for all the naturally occurring isotopes. (webelements.com)
Further data for naturally occuring isotopes of curium are listed above. (webelements.com)
Europium that occurs naturally is composed of 2 isotopes. (earth.com)

In 1995 Dan Singleton and Allen Thomas reported an elegant strategy to this very problem by proposing a remarkably simple method for obtaining KIE using natural isotopic abundances. (imperial.ac.uk)
The original example uses the Diels-Alder cycloaddition as an example, with the 2-methylbutadiene component being subjected to the isotopic abundance. (imperial.ac.uk)
The data also show evidence for a small isotopic offset (∼0.3‰ on 98Mo/95Mo) between particulate and dissolved Mo, even at highest sulfide concentrations, suggesting minor Mo isotope fractionation during uptake into euxinic sediments. (irb.hr)
Stable isotope (SI) analysis studies rely on knowledge of isotopic turnover rates and trophic-step discrimination factors. (springer.com)

Most 18 O is produced when 14 N (made abundant from CNO burning) captures a 4 He nucleus, becoming 18 F . This quickly (half-life around 110 minutes) beta decays to 18 O making that isotope common in the helium-rich zones of stars. (wikipedia.org)
Eu-153 is the most abundant (52.2% natural abundance). (earth.com)

Click any isotope in diagram to see its data. (periodictable.com)
Protein abundance data, domains, shared domains with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, sequence-based physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
This section also contains protein abundance data for both untreated and treated cells obtained from over 20 studies. (yeastgenome.org)
Mucus isotope data differed significantly and predictively from muscle data. (springer.com)

is an isotope of chlorine that has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. (onlinemathlearning.com)
is an isotope of chlorine that has 17 protons and 20 neutrons. (onlinemathlearning.com)
Some of the atoms of certain isotopes are unstable because of the extra number of neutrons, and they are said to be radioactive. (onlinemathlearning.com)
Isotopes are versions of an atom or an element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. (onlinemathlearning.com)
In isotope notation, you can quickly show how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom. (onlinemathlearning.com)

the percentage abundance of each isotope. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
This quantity takes into account the percentage abundance of all the isotopes of an element which exist. (onlinemathlearning.com)

The existence of isotopes explains why relative atomic masses are not whole numbers (unless they are rounded up or down). (creative-chemistry.org.uk)

A sample of chlorine contains two different isotopes, as shown in the table. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
There are two stable isotopes of chlorine: Chlorine-35 (which weighs 34.97 amu) and Chlorine-37 (which weighs 36.97 amu). (onlinemathlearning.com)

Stable isotope composition (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) of moose (Alces alces) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) hair from the boreal forest of Jacques-Cartier Park and Cote-Nord (Quebec) and arctic tundra of Queen Maud Gulf and Southampton Island (Nunavut) was investigated as an indicator of dietary preferences and habitat use. (nih.gov)
The deep euxinic part of the lake generally shows Mo depletions consistent with near-quantitative Mo removal and uptake into sediments, with Mo isotope compositions close to the oceanic composition. (irb.hr)

We performed geochemical (elemental abundance and stable Si isotopes, δ30Si) and microscopic (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope) analyses to monitor leaching efficiency in separating different Si phases. (lu.se)

We have quantified HRAS, NRAS, KRAS4A and KRAS4B protein abundance across a large panel of cell lines and healthy tissues. (nature.com)
Finally, direct measurement of mutant versus wildtype KRAS protein abundance revealed a frequent imbalance that may suggest additional non-gene duplication mechanisms for optimizing oncogenic Ras dosage. (nature.com)
Importantly, HRAS, KRAS and NRAS protein abundance was never formally measured in these studies to see whether they conformed with the predicted influence of rare codons. (nature.com)

The longest-lived radioisotope is 15 O with a half-life of 122.266(43) s, while the shortest-lived isotope is the unbound 11 O with a half-life of 198(12) yoctoseconds, though half-lives have not been measured for the unbound heavy isotopes 27 O and 28 O . mO - Excited nuclear isomer. (wikipedia.org)
only a few atoms of element 111, roentgenium, have ever been made through a nuclear reaction involving fusion of an isotope of bismuth, 209 Bi, with one of nickel, 64 Ni. (webelements.com)
Isotopes and isotope notation are particularly important in nuclear chemistry. (onlinemathlearning.com)
To obtain an electrode for cold nuclear fusion which can manufacture isotopes, precious metals, rare elements or thermal energy through nuclear transformation by containing as a material for the electrode a substance which can cause nuclear transformation. (rexresearch.com)
Solution: Radioactive or nonradioactive isotopes are manufactured by the nuclear transformation in an electrode and the combination of nuclear reactions such as neutron capture and natural nuclear disintegration of products made through the nuclear reactions. (rexresearch.com)

We conclude that a successful separation of Si phases in diagenetically modified sediments relies on the knowledge of elemental abundance and even δ30Si values of the leachates, as well as information such as species of Si-skeleton organisms, contents and maturation degree of biogenic silica. (lu.se)

Fishes are often utilised in aquatic isotope studies as they structure ecosystems and communities that matter to people, and can cause top-down effects (Kishi et al. (springer.com)

However, only limited information is available about the extent to which, at the ecosystem scale, variations in abundance and availability of MOB reflect past changes in in-lake methane concentrations. (diva-portal.org)

In this study, Mo-U concentrations and their isotope compositions were measured in the water column, sinking particles, sediments and pore waters of the marine euxinic Lake Rogoznica (Adriatic Sea, Croatia) over a two year period, with the aim of shedding light on the specific processes that control Mo-U accumulation and isotope fractionations in anoxic sediment. (irb.hr)
Combining the Mo and U systematics in Lake Rogoznica and other euxinic basins, it is apparent that the two different uptake mechanisms of U and Mo can lead to spatially and temporally variable Mo/U and Mo-U isotope systematics that depend on the rate of water renewal versus removal to sediment, the sulfide concentration, and the geometry of the basin. (irb.hr)
39 surface sediment samples were obtained from these lakes and FA abundances were compared with methane concentrations measured at the lake surface, 10 cm above the sediments and 10 cm within the sediments. (diva-portal.org)

The values of natural abundance of stable isotopes were measured in 22 species of macrophytes (18 macroalgae and 4 vascular plants) collected from the intertidal domain in NW Spain (NE Atlantic). (openaire.eu)
Natural abundance kinetic isotope effects: expt. (imperial.ac.uk)
The review is devoted to current trends in modern solid-state NMR spectroscopy, which provide detailed information about structure and segmental dynamics of various systems of natural isotope abundance. (chemicke-listy.cz)

The lighter isotope, on the other hand, strongly challenges the modelling of the Li resonance line, properly accounting for the Doppler shifts induced by convective motions and the departures from LTE of the atomic level populations. (lu.se)

In 1968, the team in Russia led by Georgy Flerov bombarded an americium-243 target with neon-22 ions and synthesized isotopes of element 105, identified as 260 Db or 261 Db. (chemicool.com)

Germanium-74 Oxide Isotope is one of over 200 stable isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. (americanelements.com)
Magnesium 24 Metal is one of over 250 stable Metallic isotopes produced by American Elements for biological and biomedical labeling, as target materials and other applications. (americanelements.com)

We present a study examining the abundances of fatty acids (FAs), particularly of C-13-depleted FM known to be produced by MOB, relative to methane concentrations in 29 small European lakes. (diva-portal.org)
We show that abundances of these FM, relative to other short-chain FAs produced in lake ecosystems, are related with sedimentary MOB concentrations assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (diva-portal.org)
We observed positive relationships between methane concentrations and relative abundances of C-16:1 omega 7c, C-16:1 omega 5c/t, and C-18:1 omega 7c and the sum of these FAs. (diva-portal.org)

[3] It allows isotope effects to be measured for all the positions in one of the reactant molecules by running the reaction close to completion and then recovering unreacted reactant and measuring the changes in its isotope abundances using NMR. (imperial.ac.uk)

As an example, Bouvier and Wadhwa cite the abundance of the isotope iron-60 in the proto-solar system. (space.com)
The isotope 22 Ne is also excessive, showing that the nucleosynthesis of cosmic rays and solar system material has differed. (hindawi.com)

Isotopes of an element have identical chemical properties. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
The neon element has three isotopes. (onlinemathlearning.com)
It is a weighed average of the different isotopes of an element. (onlinemathlearning.com)

Alice will make measurements of noble gas abundances in the coma, the atomic budget in the coma, and major ion abundances in the tail and in the region where solar wind particles interact with the ionosphere of the comet. (esa.int)
I will discuss how theory and observations have developed since the discovery of the Spite plateau and argue that today, the abundance measurements of unevolved stars favour "stellar solutions" to both cosmological Li problems (i.e. for both 6Li and 7Li). (lu.se)

The longest living isotope is is 257 Fm with a half-life of 80 days. (webelements.com)

There are also 21 very short-lived radioactive or artificial isotopes with extremely short half-lives. (livescience.com)

Isotope distributions and produced particles were given after these interactions. (hindawi.com)

New and improved experimental oscillator strengths in ZrII and the solar abundance of zirconium. (lu.se)

Both isotopes of Copper, Cu-63 and Cu-65, are used to study copper metabolism and gastrointestinal diseases. (webelements.com)

All of the remaining isotopes have half-lives of less then 4.8 years and most of those have half-lives of less than 12.2 seconds. (earth.com)

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