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InfectionVaccinia virusRecombinantNewcastleVaccinesChickenHerpesvirusSpeciesInfectious bursaVirulentHemagglutinin-neuraminidasePoultryFowl pox virusProteinsPathogenic virusMortalityImmune responsesAntigenicRespiratoryVaccinationAntiviralBirdsPopulationsGeneTurkeysParticlesSusceptibleHerpesReceptorsPrimaryBacteriaInnateCellsDiseasesHumanMechanismDiseaseSpecificActivitySalivaBursaSeveritySurviveCellLiveInclude
Infection17
  • In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • We report on a case of human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus in Jilin Province in northeastern China. (cdc.gov)
  • Provinces in China in which human cases of infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus have been confirmed (gray shading). (cdc.gov)
  • We report a case of human H7N9 virus infection in Jilin Province in northeastern China, an area not contiguous with provinces in which human cases have been previously reported ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Timeline of introduction of new birds to the farm of the case-patient with influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in Jilin Province, China, 2013-2014. (cdc.gov)
  • Newcastle disease (ND) is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Real-time RT-PCR is the test of choice to detect viral RNA typical of virulent NDV and confirm infection in birds with clinical signs of disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a highly contagious viral infection that predominantly affects chickens but can also affect pheasants, quail, gamefowl and turkeys. (poultryhub.org)
  • The route of infection is usually respiratory. (poultryhub.org)
  • Infected birds become carriers of the virus for life and are a source of infection to susceptible birds. (poultryhub.org)
  • There is no treatment for MD. Vaccination is the central strategy for the prevention and control of MD. While vaccination will prevent clinical disease and reduce shedding of infective virus it will not prevent infection. (poultryhub.org)
  • Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment utilizes naturally occurring or engineered viruses for selective infection and cancer cell death without any adverse effect on normal cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can target skin to establish primary infection in the epithelium. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we describe intradermal RRV infection in a mouse model that replicates the arthritis and myositis seen in humans with Ross River virus disease (RRVD). (bvsalud.org)
  • Infection is via the oro-fecal route, with affected bird excreting high levels of the virus for approximately 2 weeks after infection. (roysfarm.com)
  • Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed compromised chicken dendritic cells function at early stage of very virulent infectious Bursal disease virus infection. (upm.edu.my)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
Vaccinia virus4
Recombinant2
  • To investigate further the oncolytic capacity of the Raccoonpox virus, we have generated a thymidine kinase (TK)-deleted recombinant Raccoonpox virus expressing the suicide gene FCU1 . (oncotarget.com)
  • In human colon cancer xenograft model, a single intratumoral inoculation of the recombinant Raccoonpox virus, in combination with 5-fluorocytosine administration, produced relevant tumor growth control. (oncotarget.com)
Newcastle6
  • Newcastle disease virus). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Newcastle disease virus, synonymous with avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), is an RNA virus and the most important of the 22 known APMV serotypes as a pathogen for poultry. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Effects of Aluminium - Magnesium Silicate on Newcastle disease virus and on recovery of infected chicks. (edu.ng)
  • The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major antigen that can induce protective antibodies in poultry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) or orthoavulavirus-1, which is currently classified into the genus Orthoavulavirus of subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae of order Mononegaviriales (ICTV) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, in early 2018, a vial of 10,000 doses of Newcastle-bronchitis vaccine cost US$23.99, 1000 doses of Marek's disease vaccine cost US$29.99, and 1000 doses of Fowlpox vaccine cost US$6.99. (veteriankey.com)
Vaccines3
  • Over time, increasingly virulent strains of MD virus have emerged, which has resulted in an ongoing need to develop new vaccines and vaccination programs to combat the disease. (poultryhub.org)
  • the partners plan to exchange scientific information on avian influenza, share viral isolates, and may eventually manufacture human vaccines against avian viral strains. (nationalacademies.org)
  • By understanding how these viruses resist antiviral environments, more effective rationally designed therapeutics and live-attenuated vaccines can be produced. (scitechnol.com)
Chicken5
  • Immunosuppression can be caused by pathogens such as chicken infectious anemia virus, infectious bursal disease virus, reovirus, and some retroviruses (e.g., reticuloendotheliosis virus). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In Vitro and in vivo effects of Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate on Infectious bursal disease virus in chicken. (edu.ng)
  • The serotypes that exist are 'virulent' (disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 1) and 'avirulent' (non-disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 2). (poultryhub.org)
  • Therefore, the efficient control of the transmission routes in chicken farms is of outmost importance to prevent it from spreading. (embrapa.br)
  • In chicken farms, the main transmission route of this microorganism is horizontal, as the vertical route continues to be the object of inconclusive researches. (embrapa.br)
Herpesvirus2
  • DNA viruses such as herpesvirus and poxvirus have multiple genes, some of them host-derived, which interfere with effective innate or acquired immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • MD is caused by a highly cell-associated (virus particles that remain attached to or within the host cell after replication) but readily transmitted herpesvirus. (poultryhub.org)
Species4
  • Fowlpox virus is species specific, and there. (embrapa.br)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Infectious bursa3
  • Gumboro disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), characterized by immunosuppression and mortality generally at 3 to 6 weeks of age. (roysfarm.com)
  • The disease is caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which primarily targets the bursa of Fabricius, an organ located in the chicken's immune system that plays a key role in the development of B-cells. (roysfarm.com)
  • Viral Transmission: Gumboro disease is primarily caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which is highly contagious and can easily spread from bird to bird through direct or indirect contact. (roysfarm.com)
Virulent2
  • The original classification of NDV isolates into one of three pathotype groups based on their pathogenicity in chickens as virulent (velogenic), moderately virulent (mesogenic), or of low virulence (lentogenic) has been abbreviated for regulatory purposes. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Currently, virulent serotype 1 strains are further divided into pathotypes (classification based on the severity of disease caused by that particular strain of virus), which are often referred to as mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strains. (poultryhub.org)
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase1
  • As an enveloped virus with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, NDV encodes the six structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase protein (L) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Poultry3
  • When cell-associated, the virus may survive for months in poultry house litter or dust and is resistant to some disinfectants. (poultryhub.org)
  • surveillance focused on the subset of avian influenza viruses that pose significant risk of infecting humans, including certain viruses of low pathogenicity in poultry. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The chapter concludes with an example of a low-pathogen avian influenza outbreak in a group of commercial poultry farms and the steps the industry took to contain further spread of the virus, minimize the risk of exposure, and monitor and prevent further infections. (nationalacademies.org)
Fowl pox virus1
  • Ezeibe, M.C.O., Ekeanyanwu, E., Ngene, A.A. and Mbuko, I.J. (2013) Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate enhances release of virions of cultured Fowl Pox Virus and inhibits the virus. (edu.ng)
Proteins3
  • RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In yet another related aspect is a method for making the vaccine of the invention by selecting and isolating 2 different S. pneumoniae proteins and mixing both proteins with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. (allindianpatents.com)
  • His main focus is investigating the role of West Nile and dengue virus proteins in abrogating the response to the antiviral innate immune molecule Interferon. (scitechnol.com)
Pathogenic virus1
  • She was one of the first scientists in Hungary to detect pathogenic virus in primary cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
Mortality1
  • Mortality rates from a Nigerian isolate of the Infectious Bursa Disease Virus and passive haemagglutination antibody titer that protects chicks against challenge with the virus isolate. (edu.ng)
Immune responses1
  • Immunoevasion is a common ploy by which viruses neutralize or evade immune responses. (imperial.ac.uk)
Antigenic1
Respiratory3
  • The virus infects susceptible birds through the respiratory or digestive tract when they inhale contaminated dust or aerosolized virus or ingest contaminated materials. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Birds infected with the virus can shed it in their feces, saliva, and respiratory secretions, which can contaminate feed, water, and other surfaces. (roysfarm.com)
  • Important routes include the respiratory tract, genital tract, and intestinal tract. (lookformedical.com)
Vaccination1
  • Preventing Gumboro disease typically involves vaccination of chicks at an early age, as well as practicing good biosecurity measures to minimize the risk of virus transmission. (roysfarm.com)
Antiviral1
  • Antiviral Effect of Synthetic Aluminium - Magnesium Silicate on Avian Influenza Virus. (edu.ng)
Birds3
  • Within each experimental group, some individuals experienced more severe disease than others but line 15I birds experienced milder disease based on average clinical scores, percentage of birds with gross pathology, average bursal lesion scores and average peak bursal virus titre. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The virus can be spread through direct contact between infected and susceptible birds, as well as through contaminated feed, water, and equipment. (roysfarm.com)
  • Older birds may also be affected, but they typically have some immunity due to prior exposure to the virus. (roysfarm.com)
Populations1
  • In order to expand our understanding of how recombination might influence virus variation during the course of adaptation, we focused on large DNA viruses, in which rapidly evolving populations can simultaneously harbor both adaptive gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus. (elifesciences.org)
Gene1
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Turkeys3
  • The avirulent virus that is commonly found in turkeys is designated serotype 3. (poultryhub.org)
  • ABSTRACT This study aimed at proposing a new technical criteria for condemnation of turkey carcasses due to fowlpox in turkeys as a contribution for the work of the Brazilian Federal Meat Inspection Service. (embrapa.br)
  • Skin samples from 30 carcasses of a flock of 840 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), previously vaccinated for fowlpox and slaughtered in June 2013, were collected. (embrapa.br)
Particles1
Susceptible1
  • Cell viability indicated that tumor cell lines were differentially susceptible to each virus. (oncotarget.com)
Herpes2
  • To infect its human host, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) must overcome the protective barriers of skin and mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Receptors1
  • We addressed the initial invasion process of HSV-1 in atopic dermatitis skin to understand whether the physical barrier functions are sufficiently disturbed to allow the virus to invade skin and reach its receptors on skin cells. (bvsalud.org)
Primary2
  • This TK-deleted Raccoonpox virus was notably attenuated in normal primary cells but replicated efficiently in numerous tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
  • This is because the bursa of Fabricius, which is the primary target of the virus, is most active and vulnerable during this period. (roysfarm.com)
Bacteria1
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Innate1
  • As a post-doctoral fellow, he developed a program to study medically importantflaviviruses (West Nile and dengue virus) and their interaction with the innate immune signaling pathway. (scitechnol.com)
Cells3
  • The virus matures into a fully infective, enveloped virus in the cells that line the feather follicle and is released into the environment in dander (small scales from feathers which flake off and can become airborne). (poultryhub.org)
  • Its potency to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells has been proven for many years and advanced clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate this virus in human [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
Diseases2
Human2
  • Since it was first reported in spring 2013 ( 1 ), influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused 436 confirmed human infections, resulting in 167 deaths as of July 8, 2014 (Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [China CDC], unpub. (cdc.gov)
  • Arthritogenic alphaviruses are mosquito-borne arboviruses that include several re-emerging human pathogens, including the chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), Mayaro (MAYV), and o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) virus. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanism1
  • This study reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems. (elifesciences.org)
Disease1
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
Specific1
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
Activity1
  • The results demonstrated significant antitumoral activity of this new modified Raccoonpox virus armed with FCU1 and this virus could be considered to be included into the growing armamentarium of oncolytic virotherapy for cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Saliva1
Bursa1
  • Some breeds may have weaker immune systems or less efficient bursa of Fabricius, which can make them more vulnerable to the virus. (roysfarm.com)
Severity1
  • Severity of ND depends on the virulence and genetic type of the infecting virus and host susceptibility. (merckvetmanual.com)
Survive1
  • The virus can survive in the environment for several weeks, making it difficult to control its spread. (roysfarm.com)
Cell2
  • Numerous tumor cell lines were infected with ten non-vaccinia poxviruses to identify which virus displayed the most potential as an oncolytic agent. (oncotarget.com)
  • Raccoonpox virus was the most potent of the tested poxviruses and was highly effective in controlling cell growth in all tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
Live1
  • Modified live viruses administered either in ovo or day 1. (veteriankey.com)
Include1
  • Dr. Evans has also expanded his vaccine research efforts to include the development of virus-like particle formulations derived from a novel yeast platform. (scitechnol.com)