Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)
Pathways4
Ras proteins are membrane-bound small GTPases that act as molecular transducers, coupling cell surface receptors to intracellular effector pathways to regulate cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Patrick A. Lewis ABSTRACT Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multidomain scaffolding protein with dual guanosine triphosphatase ( GTPase ) and kinase enzymatic activities, providing this protein with the capacity to regulate a multitude of signalling pathways. (biologists.com)
Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)
Kinases3
Ras signaling is activated by cellular receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cytokines receptors, and extracellular matrix receptors [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (embl.de)
Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily. (embl.de)
Phosphatidylinositol2
Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids. (embl.de)
Mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) (see IPR000909 ) isoforms gamma and delta. (embl.de)
GTPase1
engagement triggers rapid GTP-loading of the small GTPase Rac as a master regulator of cytoskeletal rearrangements and lamellipodia-driven internalization. (biologists.com)
Mutations2
Additionally, Ras proteins are recognized as major oncogenes, as mutations in all three Ras genes occur in approximately 30% of human cancers [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Cellular1
Ras proteins are essential mediators of a multitude of cellular processes, and its deregulation is frequently associated with cancer appearance, progression, and metastasis. (encyclopedia.pub)
Small1
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small modular domains that occur in a large variety of proteins. (embl.de)
Major1
Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
Cancer1
In general, K-Ras is the most frequently mutated isoform (accounting for 75% of Ras mutation in cancer), followed by N-Ras (17%) and H-Ras (7%) [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Nucleotide dissociation2
13. The TC21 oncoprotein interacts with the Ral guanosine nucleotide dissociation factor. (nih.gov)
Mammalian Ras proteins regulate multiple effectors including Raf, Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Effectors2
We found specific conserved amino acid positions in this group that map to the binding sites of RAS with many of their signaling effectors, suggesting that these pairs could share interacting partners. (oncotarget.com)
To search for other effectors in C. elegans, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening for LET-60-binding proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Residues2
This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
Mutational studies were performed to investigate the contribution of selected interface residues to the binding affinity. (embl-heidelberg.de)
CDNA1
19. Characterization of a human MSX-2 cDNA and its fragment isolated as a transformation suppressor gene against v-Ki-ras oncogene. (nih.gov)
Inactive2
The RAS protein family is a set of small GTPases that function as binary switches by alternating their activation state from GTP-bound (active) to GDP-bound (inactive). (oncotarget.com)
Ras proteins are signal-transducing GTPases that cycle between inactive GDP- bound and active GTP-bound forms. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Interaction3
P61959.1 MADEKPKEGVKTENNDHINLKVAGQDGSVVQFKIKRHTPLSKLMKAYCERQGLSMRQIRFRFDGQPINETDTPAQLEMEDEDTIDVFQQQTGGVY 1367453_at NP_446195 6.64 hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37 Cdc37 Rattus norvegicus " Co-chaperone that binds to numerous kinases and promotes their interaction with the Hsp9N/A complex, resulting in stabilization and promotion of their activity. (nih.gov)
In this study we performed a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the phylogeny of RAS proteins and their location in the protein interaction network. (oncotarget.com)
1995), the interaction is via an inter-protein beta-sheet between the switch I region of Ras and the second strand of the RGS-RBD sheet, but the details of the interactions in the interface are remarkably different. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Superfamily2
18. A novel Rho GTPase-activating-protein interacts with Gem, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. (nih.gov)
RAS proteins are the founding members of the RAS superfamily of GTPases. (oncotarget.com)
Promotes1
8. R-Ras3, a brain-specific Ras-related protein, activates Akt and promotes cell survival in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
Multiple1
11. Distinct expression patterns and transforming properties of multiple isoforms of Ost, an exchange factor for RhoA and Cdc42. (nih.gov)
Identification1
1. Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution. (nih.gov)
Found2
Our results show that many RAS proteins with divergent sequences are found close together in the human interactome. (oncotarget.com)
Predicted RA domains in PLC210 and nore1 found to bind RasGTP. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Expression1
However, with the exception of a few well-studied protein models, the precise functions of the thirty-five human RAS paralogs and their relation in terms of sequence conservation, gene expression and protein-protein interactions remain poorly understood [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Polymeric SUMO2 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins (By similarity). (nih.gov)
Regulates E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of RNF19A (By similarity). (nih.gov)
12. A novel insertional mutation in the TC21 gene activates its transforming activity in a human leiomyosarcoma cell line. (nih.gov)
Complex3
Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. (nih.gov)
The ternary complex containing UFD1L, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is necessary for the export of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the proteasome. (nih.gov)
The structure of the complex of Ras with the Ras-binding domain of its effector RalGDS (RGS-RBD), the first genuine Ras-effector complex, has been solved by X-ray crystallography. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Human1
With the exception of the relatively well-known KRAS, HRAS and NRAS proteins, little is known about how the interactions of the other RAS human paralogs affect cancer evolution and response to treatment. (oncotarget.com)