Isocyanates are molecules. Medical search. Frequent questions

Researchers have detected a complex organic molecule called methyl isocyanate near the stars. (space.com)
Following the discovery of sugars, we've now found methyl isocyanate," Niels Ligterink and Audrey Coutens, researchers at the Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands and University College London, respectively, said in the statement . (space.com)
An artist's impression of the molecular structure of methyl isocyanate found in the vicinity of the infant stars of IRAS 16293-2422. (space.com)
Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) radio telescope in Chile, the astronomers found signatures of methyl isocyanate molecules in the inner regions of the dust and gas surrounding each of the stars, according to the ESO statement. (space.com)
In addition to the ALMA data, both teams of researchers used computer chemical modeling to better understand the origin of the methyl isocyanate molecules. (space.com)
image: ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate -- a chemical building block of life. (eurekalert.org)
This image shows the spectacular region of star formation where methyl isocyanate was found. (eurekalert.org)
Two teams of astronomers have harnessed the power of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) in Chile to detect the prebiotic complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate [1] in the multiple star system IRAS 16293-2422. (eurekalert.org)
Following the discovery of sugars, we've now found methyl isocyanate. (eurekalert.org)
Each team identified and isolated the signatures of the complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate [4]. (eurekalert.org)
The new results from ALMA show that methyl isocyanate gas surrounds each of these young stars. (eurekalert.org)
Our laboratory experiments show that methyl isocyanate can indeed be produced on icy particles under very cold conditions that are similar to those in interstellar space This implies that this molecule -- and thus the basis for peptide bonds -- is indeed likely to be present near most new young solar-type stars. (eurekalert.org)
Methyl isocyanate contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the chemical configuration CH3NCO. (eurekalert.org)
The amount of methyl isocyanate they detected -- the abundance -- with respect to molecular hydrogen and other tracers is comparable to previous detections around two high-mass protostars (i.e. within the massive hot molecular cores of Orion KL and Sagittarius B2. (eurekalert.org)
The work follows the prior discovery of organic molecules on 67P , including methyl isocyanate, acetone, propanal, and acetamide. (acs.org)
Through the use of radioactively labelled methyl isocyanate (MIC) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), the deposition, penetration and clearance of these highly reactive compounds in the airway at the tissue and cellular levels have been directly examined. (cdc.gov)
2014). Formamide and methyl isocyanate are particularly interesting for their potential role in prebiotic chemistry (Saladino et al. (mpg.de)
Recently, methyl isocyanate (CH$_3$NCO) has been tentatively detected by the Rosetta spacecraftʼs Philae lander in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Goesmann et al. (mpg.de)
2015). Methyl isocyanate has been detected for the first time recently towards SgrB2(N) (Halfen et al. (mpg.de)
The chemistry of formamide and methyl isocyanate in the interstellar medium, and of its precursors, is highly uncertain. (mpg.de)
In this talk, I will present a detailed modelling of the chemistry of formamide and methyl isocyanate in star-forming regions such as pre-stellar cores (L1544) and hot corinos (IRAS16293$-$2422). (mpg.de)

In this one-step process, polyurethane was formed by the reaction of the isocyanates with the hydroxyl-functional groups from the polyester, while its gas phase was formed by the generation of carbon dioxide. (iqsdirectory.com)
Further refining of blowing agents, polyether polyols, and polymeric isocyanates led to the advancement from flexible polyurethane foams to rigid polyurethane foams. (iqsdirectory.com)
Polyurethane is formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives (see: How it's made: Introduction to polyurethanes, polyurethane.americanchemistry.com, 2014). (creation.com)
DMAEE has a strong catalytic effect on the chemical reaction of water with isocyanate to produce polyurethane foam. (bdmaee.net)
The hydroxyl group in this catalyst reacts with isocyanate and thus chemically adheres the dimethylaminoethoxyethanol DMAEE molecule to the polyurethane polymer. (bdmaee.net)
Also, GP-690 contains a primary hydroxyl group at each end of the molecule, allowing for reaction with isocyanates in polyurethane resin systems. (gpcsilicones.com)
The chemical structure of polyurethane foam is based on the condensation reaction of an isocyanate and a hydroxyl-containing compound, usually a polyol. (fsi.co)
The main stabilizer molecules are multiplied until the product is produced with the three-dimensional conformation of the cross-linked structure branch chain, high temperature resistance, superior erosion characteristics of the branch chain structure, because the polyurethane tsuen containing a large number of polar molecules, the dipole moment is large, has a great affinity for bonding materials, at the same time, a lot of materials have bonding effect. (hanyoo.net)
The current varieties mainly include thermosetting polyurethane coatings and water-based polyurethane coatings containing blocked isocyanates. (tianswax.com)
Heat-activated cross-linking is a stable one-component emulsion formed by mixing a blocked isocyanate emulsion with a polyurethane emulsion. (tianswax.com)
After drying, heat treatment can regenerate the highly reactive NCO groups, which can interact with the active hydrogen groups contained in the polyurethane molecules (such as hydroxyl, amine, urea, polyester) react to form a cross-linked coating. (tianswax.com)
In the water-based two-component polyurethane coating, the water is excessive, and the reaction is dominated by the isocyanate group and the hydroxyl group. (tianswax.com)
Polyurethane has two main building blocks: polymeric isocyanate and polyol. (bisleyinternational.com)
These molecules are reacted together in the presence of a catalyst or blowing agents to produce polyurethane. (bisleyinternational.com)
Polyurethane is produced by reacting a polymeric isocyanate with a polyol. (bisleyinternational.com)
Isocyanates have been a leading chemical cause of occupational asthma since their utility for generating polyurethane was first recognized over 60 years ago, yet the mechanisms of isocyanate asthma pathogenesis remain unclear. (cdc.gov)

HDI, particularly those such as hydrolysis, which involve reaction with active hydrogen compounds and addition to the carbon-nitrogen double bond of the highly reactive isocyanate group. (cdc.gov)
The reaction file is isocyanate+nucleophile.rdf . (chemaxon.com)
Throughout the project side reactions involving the formation of carbodiimide from CCC and a secondary route for the phosgenation of the urea to the isocyanate have been investigated and are presented within a global reaction scheme. (gla.ac.uk)
It was also found the ureas were only partially soluble in the process solvent leading to research into the structure of three different urea molecules and the proposal of a modified reaction scheme. (gla.ac.uk)
when isocyanates come into contact with water, the reaction produces CO2 molecules. (adhesivesandcoatings.com)
This reaction creates cross-linked molecules that form a flexible and durable foam when combined with a blowing agent. (fsi.co)
The addition reaction occurs automatically when it comes into contact with the active hydrogen of the main molecule of the chemical reagent, forming an ammonium structure. (hanyoo.net)
In addition to the main reaction with hydrogen molecules, it can also react with hydrogen molecules on the viscous surface to form chemical bonds, which is the bridge of adhesive molecular viscosity and produces greater adhesiveness. (hanyoo.net)
One of the most common is the production of flexible foams, which are created by the reaction of a polymeric isocyanate with a polyol or hydroxyl group. (bisleyinternational.com)
The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)

These comprise several repeating molecular units, with polyols having two or more hydroxyl groups per molecule and polymeric isocyanates having two or more carbonyl groups bonded to an organic nitrogen atom. (bisleyinternational.com)

Phenyl isocyanate is an organic compound typically abbreviated PhNCO. (wikipedia.org)
This family of organic molecules is involved in the synthesis of peptides and amino acids, which, in the form of proteins, are the biological basis for life as we know it. (space.com)
1] A complex organic molecule is defined in astrochemistry as consisting of six or more atoms, where at least one of the atoms is carbon. (eurekalert.org)
The combustion of organic materials, particularly if it is incomplete, may also give rise to more complex molecules in the smoke plume, which may typically include longer carbon chains and multiple carbon-rings. (springer.com)
In this area, we have developed a methodology for the incorporation of protected isocyanates into organic molecules and this chemistry is being applied to the synthesis of a diverse set of biologically important, nitrogen-containing heterocycles. (exeter.ac.uk)
My teaching activities cover all aspects of organic chemistry from basic structure and bonding in organic molecules, to complex organic synthesis. (exeter.ac.uk)
Ethyl acetate (sometimes spelled EtOAc or EA) is a colourless organic ester molecule with the formula C4H8O2 (usually written as EtOAc or EA). (entrepreneurindia.co)

Larger elastic molecules (called polyols) that rely on the supportive structure of the chain extenders to function like muscle cells. (seismicskate.com)
The raw materials used to manufacture polyurethanes include polyols, isocyanates, and blowing agents. (bisleyinternational.com)

We are also interested in the examination of the structure/activity relationships of low-coordinate and highly reactive centres with a view to their exploitation in small molecule activation and catalysis. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Isocyanates are highly reactive chemicals of low- products of even greater complexity. (cdc.gov)
All isocyanate compounds have N = C = O bonds that are highly reactive and readily react with biological molecules and are very important stimuli in the respiratory tract and are the major cause of asthma and chemical bronchitis [22]. (waocp.com)

Polyurethanes are produced by building blocks of two or more groups per molecule. (bisleyinternational.com)
Polyurethanes are formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. (goodwillfoams.com)
To better understand the absorption spectra of the polyurethanes, theoretical predictions by DFT and TD-DFT of a model molecule in DMF (implicitly added) were carried out. (fapesp.br)

Characteristic of other isocyanates, it reacts with amines to give ureas. (wikipedia.org)
In the presence of water reactive aromatic-bound isocyanate groups (NCO) are rapidly detoxified by hydrolysis forming poly-urea and, depending on the abundancy of water molecules, traces of transient, toxic amines can be formed. (europa.eu)

Isocyanates are classified based on the number of N=C=O more aromatic rings) or saturated (aliphatic and alicyclic), groups in the molecule into monoisocyanates (one NCO), the term aliphatic isocyanate referring to saturated isocya- diisocyanate monomers (two NCO), or polyisocyanates nates. (cdc.gov)
The diisocyanate monomers are important commercially the most important aromatic isocyanates, because the two NCO groups allow them to undergo direct whereas 1,6-HDI, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), methyle- polymerization reactions with alcohols to form polyur- nedicyclohexyl diisocyanate (HMDI), and their higher ethanes, in addition to enabling prepolymerization reactions polymers are the most important aliphatic isocyanates. (cdc.gov)

2003). Due to the common reactivity of the isocyanate group and the relatively similar rate constants for the two substances, it is expected that substances of the MDI category will react similarly. (europa.eu)
Isocyanates are thus becoming of interest in the field of genetic toxicology as they may react with DNA to produce DNA damage. (rjstonline.com)
Isocyanate is a very reactive molecule known both to be neurotoxic and to readily react with proteins, peptides and amino acids present in the body and skin. (mc2therapeutics.com)

By finding prebiotic molecules in this study, we may now have another piece of the puzzle in understanding how life came about on our planet . (space.com)

Complex compounds where two cyclic molecules are interlaced together as links in a chain. (bvsalud.org)

The reactant files are isocyanates_more.smiles and nucleophiles.smiles . (chemaxon.com)

Tp* 2 U(NBn), Tp* 2 U(N p -Tol), and Tp* 2 U(Ndetp), along with previously reported Tp* 2 U(NPh) and Tp* 2 U(NAd) (Ad = 1-adamantyl), readily undergo [2π+2π] cycloaddition with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to generate κ 2 -ureato and κ 2 -thioureato derivatives, respectively. (acs.org)
Catalyst-free Hydrophosphinylation of Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates under Low-Added-Solvent Conditions ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Based on such evaluation it was concluded that the results of in vitro genotoxicity studies undertaken using solvents such as DMSO must be treated with caution as any positive response may very well be an artefact of the testing conditions caused by the breakdown of the isocyanate into the mutagenic amine. (europa.eu)
In the examples below, Reactor is run with multiple reactants in sequential mode: the first amine is paired with the first isocyanate, then the second amine with the second isocyanate, and so on. (chemaxon.com)

Differential labelling of airway epithelial cell types resulting from inhalation exposure to 14C-labelled isocyanate s. (cdc.gov)
Background Determination of polyisocyanates is important because they are a major contributor of exposure to the isocyanate functional group in many workplace environments and are capable of inducing sensitization and asthma. (cdc.gov)
However, with multiple different measurement metrics in use, comparison of isocyanate exposure data between studies and development of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for polyisocyanates is difficult. (cdc.gov)
The term exp- assessment of isocyanate exposure for epidemiological osure metric has a broad meaning and can include a number research, clinical studies, and the development of isocyanate of parameters such as sampling strategy (species measured, units of measurement, sampling type and duration), analy- tical methodology (accuracy and precision), and the 1Work Environment Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachu- relevance to health effects of interest. (cdc.gov)
The present study provides in vivo evidence that a GSH mediated pathway underlies asthma-like eosinophilic inflammatory responses to respiratory tract isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
It is known that exposure to isocyanate materials decreased respiratory capacity is personnel, to postpone it to the desired function ventilation system. (waocp.com)

Models suggest that the molecules likely formed on "icy particles under very cold conditions that are similar to those in interstellar space," Ligterink said. (space.com)

Not only do all substances contain the common functional group typical of MDIs, i.e. two isocyanate (NCO) reactive functional groups that are responsible for their chemical and biological reactivity, but they demonstrate a constant pattern in the changing of the potency of the properties across the group. (europa.eu)

We have previously reported that star shaped poly(ethylene oxide-stat-propylene oxide) macromers with 80% EO content and isocyanate functional groups at the distal ends [NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)] can be used to generate coatings that are non-adhesive but easily functionalized for specific cell adhesion. (cipsm.de)

Many studies have shown that isocyanate stimulates the respiratory system [11-20]. (waocp.com)

Isocyanate s are widely used commercial chemicals which have been associated with airway diseases in humans and animal models. (cdc.gov)
Health risks are associated with capsule-forming synthetic chemicals such as formaldehyde, isocyanates, and bisphenol A (BPA). (rpi.edu)

The main mechanism of the adhesives is the master agent and the fixative agent, which usually contain many active hydrogens, such as hydroxyl, amino hydrogen and other substances solidified composite isocyanate vinegar. (hanyoo.net)

ALMA's capabilities allowed both teams to observe the molecule at several different and characteristic wavelengths across the radio spectrum [3]. (eurekalert.org)

I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
2013) but only a few modellings has been done for the chemistry of these molecules under the physical conditions found in pre-stellar cores or low-mass proto-stars. (mpg.de)

Isocyanates are chemical molecules that facilitate or trigger asthma attacks. (indyhomerepair.com)

Some insulation products, such as spray foam, contain isocyanates. (indyhomerepair.com)
this case control study in 1395 and a household appliance manufacturing company in the province of Qazvin 20 personnel working injected foam material is exposed to isocyanates ,for example administrative personnel and 20 served as controls using medical records these values breathing capacity FVC , FEV1 , FEV1/FVC in both 1390 and 1394 extracted using SPSS software and paired T-TEST data were analyzed. (waocp.com)
even with the improvement of the job must be conservative's injection foam material is exposed to isocyanates be included in the list of hard and hazardous jobs. (waocp.com)

Methods An analysis of existing problems in the measurement and regulation of isocyanates is presented based on the published analytical, toxicological, and regulatory literature, and the authors' own analytical data and experience with isocyanates. (cdc.gov)

Appliance manufacturing boom is very high hand customers always have a great deal of attention to products that have low energy consumption, therefore the use of isocyanates MDI as a thermal insulation in the body of the refrigerator and is also widely used as a binder in the production of washing machines. (waocp.com)

Due to the absence of isocyanate groups, this does not happen with MS polymers. (adhesivesandcoatings.com)

The transducer amplifies the intracellular signals to the down stream regulatory molecules. (rjstonline.com)
Conclusions The total isocyanate group (mg NCO/m3) is recommended as the most feasible and practical metric (unit) by which to express polyisocyanate exposures for research, control, and regulatory purposes. (cdc.gov)

In the presence of biological macromolecules in the human body, MDI-bound isocyanate groups are also rapidly detoxified by reacting with those macromolecules. (europa.eu)

The molecule consists of a phenyl ring attached to the isocyanate functional group. (wikipedia.org)

This implies that this molecule - and thus the basis for peptide bonds - is indeed likely to be present near most new young solar-type stars," he added. (space.com)
The model molecule was a fragment of the hard segment of the polyurethane's chain, containing one 2,2'-DHAB and two 4'-isocyanate-4'-methylbenzene fragments, bonded to each other by carbamate bonds, the 4-isocyanate-4'-metylbenzene-alt-2,2'-dihydroxyazoben zene. (fapesp.br)

Agrochemical sector is deeply interested in the molecules which are going to be off-patented as it creates an opportunity for its own commercial development. (cxooutlook.com)

2] The system was previously studied by ALMA in 2012 and found to contain molecules of the simple sugar glycolaldehyde, another ingredient for life. (eurekalert.org)

This is the first time that the molecule, which can be a precursor to life, has been found around sun-like protostars, according to a statement from the European Southern Observatory (ESO). (space.com)

Small hard molecules (called chain extenders or cross linkers) that form a tough skeletal matrix. (seismicskate.com)

Chemicals and Drugs10

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Health Care3

Methyl21

Polyurethane16

Reaction10

Polymeric isocyanates1

Organic7

Polyols2

Highly reactive3

Polyurethanes3

Amines2

Diisocyanate2

React3

Prebiotic molecules1

Compounds1

Reactant1

Isothiocyanates2

Amine2

Exposure6

Interstellar1

Reactivity1

Functional groups1

Respiratory1

Chemicals2

Hydrogen1

Characteristic1

Chemistry2

Chemical1

Foam3

Regulation1

Insulation1

Polymers1

Regulatory2

Groups1

Group1

Bonds2

Creates1

ALMA1

Found1

Form1