Ischemic receptor adenosine a3. Medical search. Frequent questions

Methylxanthines act as competitive antagonists of adenosine and can blunt its pharmacological effects. (wikipedia.org)
This is being contested, and it is now considered a relative contraindication (however, selective adenosine antagonists are being investigated for use in treatment of asthma) Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that modulates many physiological processes. (wikipedia.org)
Disclosed are A3 adenosine receptor antagonists and/or partial agonists of formula (I): wherein R1 to R5 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of use thereof. (nih.gov)
5. A3 adenosine receptor antagonists delay irreversible synaptic failure caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation in the rat CA1 hippocampus in vitro. (nih.gov)
6. P2 receptor antagonists prevent synaptic failure and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat CA1 hippocampus in vitro. (nih.gov)
According to the invention, "adenosine-receptor-selective ligands" are substances which bind selectively to one or more subtypes of the adenosine receptors, thus either mimicking the action of adenosine (adenosine agonists) or blocking its action (adenosine antagonists). (allindianpatents.com)
Since nicotinic receptors help transmit outgoing signals for the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, nicotinic receptor antagonists such as hexamethonium interfere with the transmission of these signals. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, for example, nicotinic receptor antagonists interfere with the baroreflex [9] that normally corrects changes in blood pressure by sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotinic antagonists that block the receptor include mecamylamine, dihydro-β-erythroidine, and hexamethonium . (wikipedia.org)
Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists" by people in this website by year, and whether "Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
Effect of sleep deprivation on righting reflex in the rat is partially reversed by administration of adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists. (uchicago.edu)
Most recent therapeutic improvements in these patients are due to the use of pharmacological agents that modulate these neuro-hormonal axes, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). (cfrjournal.com)

18. ZM241385 is an antagonist of the facilitatory responses produced by the A2A adenosine receptor agonists CGS21680 and HENECA in the rat hippocampus. (nih.gov)
Adenosine receptor agonists, including LEXISCAN, can depress the SA and AV nodes and may cause first-, second- or third-degree AV block, or sinus bradycardia ( 5- 5.2). (nih.gov)
Adenosine receptor agonists, including LEXISCAN, induce vasodilation and hypotension. (nih.gov)
Adenosine receptor agonists, including LEXISCAN, may induce clinically significant increases in blood pressure particularly in patients with a history of hypertension and when the MPI includes low level exercise ( 5- 5.6). (nih.gov)
Adenosine receptor agonists, including LEXISCAN, may induce dyspnea, bronchoconstriction and respiratory compromise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. (nih.gov)
Potential applications of such A3 agonists could also include neurodegenerative conditions. (nih.gov)
What are aminophylline alternatives for the reversal of adenosine agonists used in pharmacologic stress testing? (uic.edu)
Pharmacologic agents can aid in MPI studies by producing similar effects on the heart to those seen during normal exercise.2-4 The pharmacologic agents fall into 2 categories, direct-acting agents (adenosine agonists) and indirect-acting agents (dobutamine).4 Adenosine agonists cause coronary vasodilation which in turn increases blood flow rates. (uic.edu)
Ischemia is less likely when adenosine agonists are used. (uic.edu)
The nonselective adenosine agonists commonly used in pharmacologic stress testing are adenosine and dipyridamole.4 The administration of adenosine directly causes increases in the amount of adenosine at the site of the receptor. (uic.edu)
The novelty of a selective adenosine agonist is found in the idea that if an agent is selective for the A2a receptor it will maintain its effectiveness at causing coronary vasodilation while reducing undesirable adverse effects.5 It is from this idea that there has been a push for selective adenosine agonists. (uic.edu)
Behavioral and biochemical characterization of benzodiazepine receptor partial agonists in pigeons. (aspetjournals.org)

In nonischemic piglets, direct infusion of the selective A 2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 through microdialysis probes into putamen increased phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor NR1 subunit and Na +,K +-ATPase selectively at protein kinase A (PKA)-sensitive sites. (johnshopkins.edu)
We have previously shown that chronic administration of the selective A3 receptor agonist N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxoamidoadenosine (IB-MECA) leads to a significant improvement of postocclusive cerebral blood flow, and protects against neuronal damage and mortality induced by severe forebrain ischemia in gerbils. (nih.gov)
NIDDK announces the availability of a highly selective A1 adenosine receptor (AR) agonist. (nih.gov)
This technology includes MRS4322, which is an A3 agonist that is currently being evaluated for treatment of traumatic brain injury. (nih.gov)
Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine . (wikipedia.org)
Several different terms are used to refer to the molecules that bind receptors, such as ligand , agonist, or transmitter. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-2 agonist attenuates ischemic injury in spinal cord neurons. (ucdenver.edu)

Cellular signaling by adenosine occurs through four known adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). (wikipedia.org)
Interest has been focused in recent years on the analgesic effects exerted by adenosine and its receptors, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, in different in vivo models of chronic pain. (bvsalud.org)
Also possible are adenosine receptor ligands which bind selectively to a plurality of subtypes of the adenosine receptors, for example ligands which bind selectively to the Al and the A2, but not to the A3 receptors of adenosine. (allindianpatents.com)
The abovementioned receptor selectivity can be determined by the effect of the substances on cell lines which, after stable transfection with the corresponding cDNA, express the receptor subtypes in question (see the publication M.E. Olah, H. Ren, J. Ostrowski, K.A. Jacobson, G.L. Stiles, "Cloning, expression, and characterization of the unique bovine Al adenosine receptor. (allindianpatents.com)
Adenosine is an endogenous substance that binds to 4 distinct subtypes of receptors, A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. (uic.edu)
Adenosine receptors participate in the category of G protein-coupled receptors, which you can find four subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B and A3), which enjoy different jobs in regulating regular mobile physiology in a multitude of tissue including the human brain, heart and lungs [7]. (siamtech.net)

19. Enhancement of long-term potentiation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor requires adenosine A2A receptor activation by endogenous adenosine. (nih.gov)
Adenosine, a nucleoside consisting of adenine and D-ribose, is an endogenous factor having cell-protective activity, in particular under cell-damaging conditions with limited oxygen and substrate supply, such as, for example, in the case of ischaemia in various organs (for example heart and-brain). (allindianpatents.com)
Endogenous adenosine (i.e., naturally occurring adenosine) acts on G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine receptors, ARs) in the central nervous system to suppress seizures and pain, and to blunt the effects of ischemia (a restriction in blood supply to tissues). (nih.gov)
Normally adenosine is transported back into the cell via facilitated transport.3 Dipyridamole works by inhibiting this cellular reuptake mechanism causing an increase in endogenous adenosine at the adenosine receptor. (uic.edu)
The endogenous levels of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, increase significantly following cardiovascular events. (frontiersin.org)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
Erythropoietin activates the phosporylated cAMP [adenosine 3'5' cyclic monophosphate] response element-binding protein pathway and attenuates delayed paraplegia after ischemia-reperfusion injury. (ucdenver.edu)
PMID- 214392 TI - Regulation of lipogenesis by adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate in chicken liver in vitro. (nih.gov)
PMID- 214393 TI - Regulation of growth & metabolism of ovariectomised rat uterus by adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate. (nih.gov)
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the most important secondary messenger involved in endocrine system development and function. (spandidos-publications.com)
The binding of GTP then stimulates adenylyl cyclase, thus increasing intracellular cyclic 3 ,5 -adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (jaycampbell.com)

Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. (wikipedia.org)
Only in 1972, Geoff Burnstock (born: May 10, 1929, died: June 2, 2020) coined the term purinergic signalling referring to the extracellular effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria are the main site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. (inforang.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction arising from disturbances in the regulation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), proton gradient, and membrane potential results in reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increased production of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS), which promotes kidney injury and inflammation [ 3 , 4 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
Direct and indirect activation of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel to induce spinal cord ischemic metabolic tolerance. (ucdenver.edu)
Impaired or Absent ADA function results in the deposition from the dangerous metabolites adenosine, 2deoxyadenosine and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP). (siamtech.net)
Adenosine mainly derives from break down of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and RNA, and 2deoxyadenosine from break down of DNA. (siamtech.net)
The occupied GHRH receptor then activates a stimulatory G-protein (Gs), composed of α-, β-, and γ -subunits, by catalyzing the binding of guanosine 5 - triphosphate (GTP) to the α-subunit. (jaycampbell.com)

Evidence indicates that the A2A receptors are upregulated in the rat striatum after stroke and the selective antagonist SCH58261 protects from exaggerated glutamate release within the first 4 hours from the insult and alleviates neurological impairment and histological injury in the following 24 hours. (bvsalud.org)
Patient data and blood samples were collected after inclusion, and the primary composite endpoint (myocardial infarction, elective coronary revascularization, ischemic stroke, acute limb ischemia, mortality) was evaluated after one year. (biomedcentral.com)
Ischemic stroke (see the image below) is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. (medscape.com)
Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than hemorrhagic stroke. (medscape.com)
No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in hemorrhagic strokes. (medscape.com)
With the availability of reperfusion options (fibrinolytic and endovascular therapies) for acute ischemic stroke in selected patients, the physician must be able to perform a brief but accurate neurologic examination on patients with suspected stroke syndromes. (medscape.com)
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. (medscape.com)
Therapeutic targets and limits of minocycline neuroprotection in experimental ischemic stroke. (jamanetwork.com)
BACKGROUND: The intra-arterial treatment (IAT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is now evidence-based and given the highest level of recommendation among eligible patients. (cdc.gov)
Search terms included: (ALOX5AP polymorphism, or ALOX5AP variant, or ALOX5AP genotype), AND (cerebral infarction OR ischemic stroke). (monossabios.com)
Abbreviation: Is usually, ischemic stroke. (monossabios.com)

The purine nucleoside adenosine was first identified in 1929 when Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi successfully extracted a rhythm-influencing adenylic substance from the mammalian heart and other tissues ( Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi, 1929 ). (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies have built upon decades of evidence that adenosine, a purine nucleoside that can act as a neuromodulator, is involved in pain transmission and sensitization. (mdpi.com)
With purine nucleoside phosphorylase, it forms an important element of the purine salvage pathway, in charge of the irreversible deamination of adenosine and 2deoxyadenosine into inosine and 2deoxyinosine respectively. (siamtech.net)

Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside building blocks of RNA (and its derivative deoxyadenosine is a building block of DNA), which are essential for all life on earth. (wikipedia.org)

Dipyridamole potentiates the action of adenosine, requiring the use of lower doses. (wikipedia.org)
The action of adenosine is mediated via specific receptors. (allindianpatents.com)

This technology includes a novel family of adenosine kinase (AdK) inhibitors, including pharmaceutical compositions containing the adenosine kinase inhibitors, and their use for preventing epilepsy and its progression in patients. (nih.gov)

This invention relates to a method of decreasing intraocular pressure by administrating an A3 subtype adenosine receptor antagonist, a calmodulin antagonist or an antiestrogen such as tamoxifen. (nih.gov)
The A2A receptor subtype is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons, which are particularly susceptible to ischemic damage. (bvsalud.org)
We recently added new knowledge to the mechanisms by which the adenosine A2A receptor subtype participates in ischemia-induced neuronal death by performing patch-clamp recordings from medium spiny neurons in rat striatal brain slices exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation. (bvsalud.org)

Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent SVTs, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. (wikipedia.org)

The neuromodulator adenosine is released in huge amounts during cerebral ischemia and exerts its effects by activating specific metabotropic receptors, namely: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. (bvsalud.org)
The traditional teaching was that emergency CEA in an acutely occluded carotid artery might convert an ischemic cerebral infarct to a hemorrhagic infarct, possibly resulting in death. (medscape.com)

17. The selective antagonism of P2X7 and P2Y1 receptors prevents synaptic failure and affects cell proliferation induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat dentate gyrus. (nih.gov)

Adenosine is formed intracellularly as an intermediate during the degradation of adenosme-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and S-adenosylhomocysteine, but it can be released from the cell, in which case it acts as a hormone-like substance or neurotransmitter by binding to specific receptors. (allindianpatents.com)
As a key regulator of energy, SIRT1 affects glucose and lipid metabolism by stimulating endocrine signaling, which is associated with many molecules related to glucose/lipid metabolism, such as Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4), Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and Proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) [ 7 - 10 ]. (ijbs.com)

New evidence suggests that these receptors can also use second messengers (as metabotropic receptors do) in some cases. (wikipedia.org)

In patients with acute MI, they decrease infarct size as well as short- and long-term mortality, which is a function of their anti-ischemic and antiarrhythmic properties. (medscape.com)

Hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular accidents have occurred ( 5- 5.9). (nih.gov)

Adenosine and its receptors (A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, A3AR) are known to play a crucial role in synaptic transmission either in normoxic or ischemic-like conditions. (bvsalud.org)
2. Effects of oxygen and glucose deprivation on synaptic transmission in rat dentate gyrus: role of A2A adenosine receptors. (nih.gov)
9. Tonic adenosine A1 and A2A receptor activation is required for the excitatory action of VIP on synaptic transmission in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. (nih.gov)
12. Activation of adenosine A2A receptor facilitates brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices. (nih.gov)
15. Enhanced adenosine A2A receptor facilitation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of aged rats. (nih.gov)

Vorapaxar reversibly inhibits protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) which is expressed on platelets, but its long half-life makes it effectively irreversible. (medscape.com)

Following Burnstock's pioneering work on the role of ATP-sensitive P2 purinoceptors, its metabolite adenosine soon became recognized as an extracellular signalling molecule through the activation of plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors family that are expressed in every organ systems in the body. (frontiersin.org)

open channel block of nicotinic receptor ( inc. (freezingblue.com)

However, under ischaemic or hypoxic conditions, the extracellular concentration of adenosine in the affected organs is increased dramatically. (allindianpatents.com)
The aim of these actions of adenosine is to increase the oxygen supply of the affected organs and/or to reduce the metabolism of these organs in order to adjust the metabolism of the organ to the blood supply of the organ under ischaemic or hypoxic conditions. (allindianpatents.com)
Tsuji MWilson MALange MSJohnston MV Minocycline worsens hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model. (jamanetwork.com)
Minocycline treatment following hypoxic/ischaemic injury attenuates white matter injury in a rodent model of periventricular leucomalacia. (jamanetwork.com)

Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A1 receptor, which enhances release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors , or nAChRs , are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine . (wikipedia.org)

Present data demonstrate that ICBM, an isothiocyanate derivative designed for covalent binding to the receptor, concentration-dependently inhibits ICa. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, it is known, for example, that adenosine inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the blood supply to the coronary arteries. (allindianpatents.com)

The present review summarizes the latest findings in the literature about the possibility of developing selective ligands of A2A receptors as advantageous therapeutic tools that may contribute to counteracting neurodegeneration after brain ischemia. (bvsalud.org)
According to their receptor selectivity, adenosine-receptor-selective ligands can be divided into different categories, for example ligands which bind selectively to the Al or A2 receptors of adenosine and in the case of the latter also, for example, those which bind selectively to the A2a or the A2b receptors of adenosine. (allindianpatents.com)

We demonstrated that the selective block of A2A receptors by SCH58261 significantly reduced ionic imbalance and delayed the anoxic depolarization in medium spiny neurons during oxygen and glucose deprivation and that the mechanism involves voltage-gated K+ channel modulation and a presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release by the A2A receptor antagonist. (bvsalud.org)
4. Purinergic modulation of glutamate release under ischemic-like conditions in the hippocampus. (nih.gov)

The functional outcome was an increase in myocyte fatty acid-substrate utilization, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass, PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) protein expression, and extracellular acidosis. (nih.gov)
ROS, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and H 2 S), and external signals (e.g. estrogen), which increase the amount of NEMP through nuclear respiration factor-1 (NRF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and estrogen receptor. (inforang.com)

This receptor is neuroprotective in ischemic and epileptic models. (nih.gov)
Optimized induction of beta common receptor enhances the neuroprotective function of erythropoietin in spinal cord ischemic injury. (ucdenver.edu)

PMID- 214398 TI - Characterization of an adenosine triphosphatase of the avian myeloblastosis virus and the virus-infected myeloblast. (nih.gov)

1. The adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 enhances neuronal survival after oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat CA1 hippocampal slices. (nih.gov)

7. Effect of A2A adenosine receptor stimulation and antagonism on synaptic depression induced by in vitro ischaemia in rat hippocampal slices. (nih.gov)
Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS. (uchicago.edu)

Thus, A 2A receptor activation during reoxygenation contributes to the loss of a subpopulation of neonatal putamen neurons after H-I. Its toxic signaling may be related to DARPP32-dependent phosphorylation of PKA-sensitive sites on NR1 and Na +,K +-ATPase, thereby augmenting excitotoxicity-induced oxidative stress after reoxygenation. (johnshopkins.edu)
14. Suppression of presynaptic responses to adenosine by activation of NMDA receptors. (nih.gov)
In the case of the binding of adenosine to the A2a or A2b receptors, the intracellular cAMP is increased via activation of the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase, whereas binding of adenosine to A1 or A3 receptors results in a decrease of the intracellular cAMP concentration via inhibition of adenylate cyclase. (allindianpatents.com)
Activation of these channels under ischemic conditions underlies their cytoprotective action, which results in prevention of Ca 2+ overload in cytosol. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Activation of GHRH receptors results in the opening of a sodium channel in the somatotrope, leading to its depolarization. (jaycampbell.com)

Nicotinic receptors get their name from nicotine which does not stimulate the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors but selectively binds to the nicotinic receptors instead. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review about the main therapeutic advantages of tuning adenosine signalling pathways in HFpEF, without discounting their side effects and how these can be seized. (frontiersin.org)
Summary of the ASPET-sponsored Colloquium: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors: structure, function, and therapeutic implications, October 25-27, 1995. (aspetjournals.org)

11. Ionotropic glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters are involved in necrotic neuronal cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation of hippocampal slice cultures. (nih.gov)
muscle-type nicotinic receptors and neuronal-type nicotinic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
In both muscle-type and neuronal-type receptors, the subunits are very similar to one another, especially in the hydrophobic regions. (wikipedia.org)
In neuronal nAChRs, the binding site is located at the interface of an α and a β subunit or between two α subunits in the case of α 7 receptors. (wikipedia.org)

Under normoxic conditions, the concentration of free adenosine in the extracellular space is very low. (allindianpatents.com)

Fast rhythms of the heart that are confined to the atria (e.g., atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter) or ventricles (e.g., monomorphic ventricular tachycardia), and do not involve the AV node as part of the re-entrant circuit, are not typically converted by adenosine. (wikipedia.org)
However, the ventricular response rate is temporarily slowed with adenosine in such cases. (wikipedia.org)
When adenosine is used to cardiovert an abnormal rhythm, it is normal for the heart to enter ventricular asystole for a few seconds. (wikipedia.org)
This dependence can sensitize the heart to ischemic injury and ventricular dysfunction. (nih.gov)
The positive inotropic effect and the hydrolysis of phosphoinositide induced by endothelin-3 in rabbit ventricular myocardium: inhibition by a selective antagonist of ET(A) receptors, FR139317. (aspetjournals.org)

In addition, we also address a functional association of mitophagy with mitochondrial dynamics through the interaction of mitophagy adaptor and receptor proteins with mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins. (inforang.com)

Methylxanthines (e.g. caffeine found in coffee, theophylline found in tea, or theobromine found in chocolate) have a purine structure and bind to some of the same receptors as adenosine. (wikipedia.org)
Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine," which allows it to bind and block its receptors. (wikipedia.org)

[6] Acetylcholine itself binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
It acts on somatotropes to increase GH biosynthesis and secretion… After release from the hypothalamus, GHRH binds to the GHRH receptor predominantly located on the pituitary somatotrope. (jaycampbell.com)

As ionotropic receptors, nAChRs are directly linked to ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
[8] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the best-studied of the ionotropic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
They possess similarities with GABA A receptors , glycine receptors , and the type 3 serotonin receptors (which are all ionotropic receptors), or the signature Cys-loop proteins . (wikipedia.org)

Pharmacologic inactivation or genetic deletion of adenosine A 2A receptors protects ischemic neurons in adult animals, but studies in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) are inconclusive. (johnshopkins.edu)
The present study in neonatal piglets examined the hypothesis that A 2A receptor signaling after reoxygenation from global H-I contributes to injury in highly vulnerable striatal neurons where A 2A receptors are enriched. (johnshopkins.edu)
A 2A receptor immunoreactivity was detected in striatopallidal neurons. (johnshopkins.edu)
In ischemic piglets, posttreatment with SCH 58261, a selective A 2A receptor antagonist, improved early neurologic recovery and preferentially protected striatopallidal neurons. (johnshopkins.edu)
Erythropoietin's Beta Common Receptor Mediates Neuroprotection in Spinal Cord Neurons. (ucdenver.edu)

The dose is often decreased in patients on dipyridamole (Persantine) and diazepam (Valium) because adenosine potentiates the effects of these drugs. (wikipedia.org)
The diagnostic sensitivity of pharmacologic stress testing with adenosine and dipyridamole is thought to range from 83% to 97%, while the specificity is thought to be between 38% and 94%.3,4 The utility of these agents has expanded from simply identifying the presence of ischemia to estimation of the burden and location of the ischemic area. (uic.edu)
Adenosine has a very short half-life (approximately 12 seconds) while dipyridamole has a longer half-life of approximately 90 minutes.2 Both agents are rapid-acting. (uic.edu)
It is believed that it holds 68% of the market compared to 15% held by adenosine, 13% by dipyridamole, and 4% by dobutamine.1 The onset of regadenoson is generally seen in less than 1 minute, and the peak effect lasts from 2 to 3 minutes. (uic.edu)

Trimetazidine is a cytoprotective, anti-ischaemic agent established in the treatment of angina pectoris. (cfrjournal.com)

Recently, he established a remarkable optogenetic system in which he constructed hybrid receptors that connected the light-sensing properties of rhodopsin to the signaling functions of two chemokine receptors. (rochester.edu)

Adenosine exerts cardioprotective, neuromodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects by activating plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors that are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. (frontiersin.org)

Nicotinic receptors, with a molecular mass of 290 kDa , [10] are made up of five subunits, arranged symmetrically around a central pore . (wikipedia.org)
These channels are heterooctameric and consist of two types of subunits: four poreforming (Kir 6.х) and four regulatory (SUR, sulfonylurea receptor). (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

In particular, we focus on the roles of mitophagy adapters and receptors in the recognition of damaged mitochondria by autophagosomes. (inforang.com)
Rcan1-1L overexpression activated autophagy flux and promoted translocation of the specific mitophagy receptor Parkin into mitochondria from the cytosol, whereas inhibition of autophagy flux resulted in the accumulation of Parkin-loaded mitochondria. (molcells.org)

1) they transmit outgoing signals from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic cells within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system , and (2) they are the receptors found on skeletal muscle that receive acetylcholine released to signal for muscular contraction. (wikipedia.org)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38alpha and retinal ischemic preconditioning. (uchicago.edu)
cAMP and cGMP are important secondary messengers involved in cell regulation and metabolism driven by the G protein‑coupled receptor. (spandidos-publications.com)

Adenosine Deaminase Deficient SCID with Myocardial Hypertrophy. (tcd.ie)

The nicotinic receptors are considered cholinergic receptors , since they respond to acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)

ischemic harm, and may be considered a novel healing focus on against ischemic cardiovascular disease. (researchensemble.com)

2 These receptors are responsible for the desired outcomes and the potential adverse effects associated with pharmacologic stress testing. (uic.edu)

3. Brief, repeated, oxygen-glucose deprivation episodes protect neurotransmission from a longer ischemic episode in the in vitro hippocampus: role of adenosine receptors. (nih.gov)
16. Effect of the pyridoindole SMe1EC2 and compounds affecting A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors in rat hippocampus under ischemia in vitro. (nih.gov)

8. Role of adenosine A3 receptors on CA1 hippocampal neurotransmission during oxygen-glucose deprivation episodes of different duration. (nih.gov)

This is further supported by the widespread use of caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, in several headache treatments. (mdpi.com)

The adenosine A2a receptor is involved in vasodilation of coronary arteries. (uic.edu)

The Role of Progesterone and a Novel Progesterone Receptor, Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1, in the Inflammatory Response of Fetal Membranes to Ureaplasma parvum Infection. (duke.edu)
Integrins, a family of membrane receptors, are expressed in all different types of cells in human body and regul. (rochester.edu)
Integrins, a family of membrane receptors, are expressed in all different types of cells in human body and regulate important cell adhesion and migration. (rochester.edu)

Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms8

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes13

Antagonists14

Agonists12

Agonist7

Subtypes6

Endogenous5

Cyclic6

Triphosphate8

Stroke11

Purine nucleoside3

Nucleoside1

Action of adenosine2

Inhibitors1

Subtype3

Effects of adenosine1

Cerebral2

Induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation1

Monophosphate2

Metabotropic receptors1

Acute1

Hemorrhagic1

Synaptic transmission5

Irreversible1

Extracellular signalli1

Nicotinic receptor1

Hypoxic4

Neurotransmitter2

Inhibits2

Ligands2

Glutamate release2

Peroxisome2

Neuroprotective2

Characterization1

Enhances1

Stimulation2

Activation5

Selectively1

Therapeutic2

Neuronal4

Normoxic1

Ventricular5

Mitochondrial1

Bind2

Binds2

Ionotropic3

Neurons5

Dipyridamole4

Cytoprotective1

Chemokine1

Exerts1

Subunits2

Mitophagy2

Presynaptic1

Protein2

SCID1

Acetylcholine1

Cardiovascular1

Pharmacologic1

Vitro2

Oxygen1

Caffeine1

Coronary1

Membrane3

Derivatives1