• Among these, the master regulator of iron homeostasis, hepcidin, appears to play a pivotal role. (haematologica.org)
  • The regulation and maintenance of iron homeostasis is critical to human health. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 post-transcriptionally control mammalian iron homeostasis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs), conserved RNA stem-loop structures located in the 5'- or 3'- untranslated regions of genes involved in iron metabolism (e.g. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Aft1p regulates genes involved in iron metabolism, and Mac1p regulates genes involved in copper homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Elsbeth Walker's main area of research focuses on understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying iron homeostasis in plants, which can set the foundation for increasing available iron in food crops. (umass.edu)
  • Architecture of a protein central to iron homeostasis: crystal structure and spectroscopic analysis of the ferric uptake regulator. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although many questions remain unanswered, our results highlight the mechanisms by which a large number of genes act together to restore cell homeostasis and, in particular, points to TolC protein as being fundamental in the biology of this microorganism. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • 2002). Therefore, depending on iron availability, herb cells use NO as an intracellular transmission to promote iron sequestration or BMS-193885 uptake, highlighting a central function for NO in the control of iron homeostasis. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • Considering the tissue distribution of ferroportin, the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction explains the efferent arm of iron homeostasis because it can control the iron absorption in the duodenum, as well as the release of iron from macrophages and hepatocytes. (diff.org)
  • In this work it is shown that all components of the machinery of molecular copper homeostasis - except for three proteins - known from other model organsims (S. cerevisiae or H. sapiens) are also found as homologues or orthologues to be coded in the genome of the ascomycete Podospora anserina. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • These cell surface proteins impinge on the vast majority of all cellular functions by mediating nutrient uptake, preserving ion homeostasis and initiating complex signaling cascades in response to extracellular cues. (cell-stress.com)
  • Our outcomes demonstrate that BV-2 cells alter the iron rate of metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells, they donate to the iron build up of SH-SY5Y cells by manipulating the consequences of LTA and LPS showing that microglia are essential regulators of neuronal iron rate of metabolism at neuroinflammation. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Significant changes in gene expression of proteins that mediate oxidative metabolism, such as cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidase-encoding genes, cydA and cydB , were detected. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The expression of genes encoding formate uptake transporter (PG0209) and formate tetrahydrofolate ligase ( fhs ) was drastically elevated, which indicates that formate metabolism plays a major role under aerobic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This suggests that at this stage the nanoparticles' absorption process is residual compared with the following steps in metabolism, distribution and/or excretion processes, indicated by the increase of iron accumulation proteins at both transcriptional and translational level. (uea.ac.uk)
  • In the latter two there is general shut-down of the expression of genes involved in central metabolism, protein metabolism, iron uptake and chemotaxis. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • 1], its inactivation may affect both proton transport and ATP synthesis and possibly the cell responds by increasing expression of genes involved in central metabolism to synthesize more ATP. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • This Special Issue will highlight the wealth of research on the hereditary and acquired disorders of heme metabolism and the role of dietary regulation of heme-containing proteins via hormonal and chemical actions as well as on the genetic and acquired disorders associated with such diseases as neonatal jaundice and hemochromatosis. (mdpi.com)
  • 1995). Cd2+ pollution is usually of major concern, since it hampers herb growth by triggering inhibition of photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism and by decreasing water and mineral nutrient uptake. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • To avoid the generation of ROS, all aspects of cellular copper metabolism - uptake, distribution and storage - are protein-mediated. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • When differentiated human THP-1 cells were infected with MAP, the expression of various genes associated with stress responses and metabolism was altered in both host and MAP at 3 h post-infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, alterations in gene sets involved in arginine metabolism were observed in both the host and MAP, along with significant downregulation of NOS2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report here that SRE1, a gene encoding a GATA-type protein, bound to promoter sequences of genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • 12 In addition, the immunity-driven down-regulation of erythropoietin receptors on erythroid progenitor cells and the limited availability of iron for heme biosynthesis negatively affect the biological functions of erythropoetin. (haematologica.org)
  • Downstream genes involved in type VII secretion systems, cell wall synthesis (polyketide biosynthesis proteins), and iron uptake were changed in response to the intracellular environment of macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
  • Gene expression studies greatly contribute to our understanding of complex relationships in gene regulatory networks. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • For these purposes we used microarray gene expression data. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Microarray analysis revealed alteration in gene expression in the presence of 6 % oxygen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • With genome or EST sequences in hand, microarrays or macroarrays can be constructed to analyze gene-expression profiles at the genome-wide level over a range of conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A working hypothesis that explains current observations is that OPT3 and YSL1/YSL3 together modulate phloem companion cell Fe status, and that low concentrations of Fe in the companion cells results in the production of a phloem mobile signal that initiates iron deficiency regulated gene expression in roots. (umass.edu)
  • The project scientists have established the presence of a phloem-mobile inductive RNA signal that is capable of inducing iron deficiency associated gene expression in excised roots. (umass.edu)
  • Because a simple assay system for the phloem mobile signal has been developed, profiling experiments coupled with downstream genetic analyses will be used to identify the phloem mobile signal produced in iron deficient leaves that regulates root gene expression. (umass.edu)
  • Rohan A. Patil, Martin E. Kolewe, Jennifer Normanly, Elsbeth L. Walker, Susan C. Roberts (2012) Contribution of taxane biosynthetic pathway gene expression to observed variability in paclitaxel accumulation in Taxus suspension cultures. (umass.edu)
  • We used RNA sequencing to study gene expression in lymph node derived DCs from anaphylactic mice sensitized intranasally with the major peach allergen Pru p 3, during the acute reaction phase, induced intraperitoneally. (refine.bio)
  • We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression underlying the acquisition of Docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells. (refine.bio)
  • For gene expression profiling, overnight cultures of S. meliloti 1021 and tolC mutant strain SmLM030-2 grown in TY complex medium [50] were diluted Roflumilast to an initial OD600 = 0.1 in GMS medium (Zevenhuizen, 1986). (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • My work spans two important areas of biochemistry: enzyme catalysis and regulation of gene expression by DNA-binding proteins. (uwm.edu)
  • ppGpp is an intracellular sensor that, in response to different types of stress, coordinates the rearrangement of the gene expression pattern of bacteria to promote adaptation and survival to new environmental conditions. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • GSH is a hydrophilic antioxidant with nucleophilic thiol group and has been reported to participate in regulation of gene expression, protein synthesis, cell proliferation, signal transduction, cytokine production, apoptosis, immune response, and protein glutathionylation [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our previous work has shown that industrially produced MWCNTs trigger specific changes in gene expression in the lungs of exposed animals. (cdc.gov)
  • To elucidate whether epigenetic effects play a role for these gene expression changes, we performed whole genome bisulphite sequencing to assess DNA methylation patterns in the lungs 56 days after exposure to MWCNTs. (cdc.gov)
  • Integrated analysis of transcriptomics data and DNA methylation data revealed concordant changes in gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Taken together, the present study revealed that MWCNTs exert epigenetic effects in the lungs of exposed animals, potentially driving the subsequent gene expression changes. (cdc.gov)
  • This chapter compares the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb uptake, mobilization, and accumulation in rice and discusses the progress and strategies for not only increasing Fe/Zn but also decreasing Cd/Zn accumulation in rice. (intechopen.com)
  • At long-term exposure (120 h), there is an up-regulation of metal accumulation involved genes and the return to basal levels of both iron and zinc transporters, involved in the uptake of metals. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The disease characterized by iron accumulation and its toxic effects on the liver, heart, pancreas, pituitary gland, joints and skin is called hemochromatosis (1). (biochemia-medica.com)
  • It specifically regulates FRO2 at the level of mRNA accumulation and IRT1 at the level of protein accumulation.Similar to FER in tomato and is a regulator of iron uptake. (or.jp)
  • In many bacteria, including the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this task is performed by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur). (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2007). Similarly, NO production in the transition zone of Arabidopsis (and genes encoding a ferric chelate reductase and a ferrous iron transporter, respectively, that function together for iron uptake from your ground (Ling et al. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • Proposed functions of PMRS include maintenance of redox state in proteins, stimulation of cell growth, reduction of lipid hydroperoxides, recycling of α -tocopherol, reduction of ferric ion prior to iron uptake by a transferring-independent pathway, and the maintenance of the extracellular concentration of ascorbic acid [ 2 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overall, these results suggest that, during inflammation, the intestinal haem-iron uptake pathway is not as strongly transcriptionally downregulated as the non-haem iron uptake pathway. (wikigenes.org)
  • BBB ultrastructure was visualized using transmission electron microscopy, while the expression levels of endothelial tight junction proteins and ASK1 signaling pathway proteins was detected by Western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: ASK1-K716R preserves BBB integrity by inhibiting ASK1/JNKs pathway in endothelial cells, consequently reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Holotransferrin (iron) activates HSC fibrogenesis and the TGF-β pathway, while iron depletion by chelation reverses this, suggesting that this could be a useful adjunct therapy for patients with fibrosis. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Cd2+ toxicity by favoring Cd2+ versus Ca2+ uptake and by initiating a cellular pathway resembling those activated upon iron deprivation. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • HJV is proposed to act as a co-receptor for bone morphogenic protein ( BMP ) ligands and BMP receptors (BMP-R). Upon binding to HJV, the ligand and two BMPR s on the cell surface, the intracellular BMP signaling pathway is activated. (diff.org)
  • This in turn activates the SMAD signaling pathway to induce hepcidin expression. (diff.org)
  • However, the pathway by which HFE and TfR2 induce hepcidin expression is unclear. (diff.org)
  • These include: Corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxR, a diphtheria toxin repressor, which regulates the expression of the high-affinity iron uptake system, other iron-sensitive genes, and the bacteriophage tox gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria are able to compete effectively for iron bound to host proteins because of the secretion of high-affinity, low molecular weight iron chelators known as siderophores. (medscape.com)
  • FupA (Fer Utilization Protein), a protein mediating high-affinity transport of ferrous iron across the outer membrane, is associated with both. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ATX1-deficient yeast (atxl) displayed a loss of high-affinity iron uptake. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Expression of CCH in the atxl strain restored high-affinity iron uptake, demonstrating that CCH is a functional homolog of ATX1. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The domain is named after Corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxR, an iron-specific diphtheria toxin repressor, and Bacillus subtilis mntR, a manganese transport regulator. (wikipedia.org)
  • Iron-responsive metalloregulators such as dtxR and ideR occur in Gram-positive bacteria of the high GC branch, while manganese-responsive metalloregulators like mntR are described in diverse genera of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also in Archaea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The crystal structures of iron-regulated and manganese-regulated repressors show that the DNA binding domain contains three alpha-helices and a pair of antiparallel beta-strands. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secondary active transporters of the SLC11/NRAMP family catalyse the uptake of iron and manganese into cells. (nature.com)
  • In proteoliposomes EcoDMT mediates proton-coupled uptake of manganese at low micromolar concentrations. (nature.com)
  • In addition, metal transport was affected, and while iron-uptake genes such as the genes encoding the haemin uptake locus ( hmu ) were downregulated, expression of manganese transporter genes, such as feoB2 , was elevated in the presence of oxygen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are essential mineral micronutrients for plants and their deficiency and or toxicity represents a serious agricultural problem. (elsevierpure.com)
  • While classically associated with the restriction of iron, the host restricts the availability of other transition metals as well, including manganese and zinc. (illinois.edu)
  • Differing from most staphylococci, S. aureus possesses a second closely related superoxide dismutase, SodM, that can use either manganese or iron as a cofactor. (illinois.edu)
  • This is necessary because most host iron is bound to intracellular and extracellular proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, most living entities have developed sophisticated mechanisms to control their intracellular iron concentration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 3 ] Protein hZIP4 transports zinc ions from the cell exterior or lumen of intracellular organelles into the cytoplasm, where it is available to other newly synthesized proteins. (medscape.com)
  • In zebrafishes, forced expression of rat lcn2 gene increased the number and thickness of cellular processes in GFAP-expressing radial glia cells, suggesting that lcn2 expression in glia cells plays an important role in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • Hepdicin exerts its biological function upon binding to the only known cellular iron exporter, ferroportin (SLC40A1), thereby leading to ferroportin internalization and degradation. (haematologica.org)
  • Hepcidin inhibits the cellular efflux of iron by binding to and inducing the degradation of ferroportin (FPN) , the sole iron exporter in iron-transporting cells, thereby blocking iron flow into plasma. (diff.org)
  • In Escherichia coli, ppGpp regulates the expression of cellular factors that are important during urinary tract infections. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Curcumin modulates cellular activity through interacting with membrane-bound proteins and modulating signaling cascade activity by altering the fluidity of the membrane bilayer [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The plasma membrane is not only the first point of encounter for many types of environmental stress, but given the diversity of receptor proteins and their associated molecules also represents the site at which many cellular signal cascades originate. (cell-stress.com)
  • These assist with protein folding and, thereby, help to keep the cellular protein machinery functional in spite of adverse thermal conditions. (cell-stress.com)
  • The plasma membrane can be envisioned as a central compartment in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions as it shapes the interactions between cells and their environment by harboring an elaborate complement of transmembrane proteins, e.g. transporters, channels, receptors, or adhesion proteins. (cell-stress.com)
  • In response to excess iron, H. capsulatum represses transcription of genes involved in iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of SRE1 was reduced under iron-starving conditions, underscoring its role as a negative regulator of genes involved in iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • A decrease in circulating hepcidin increases the expression of proteins participating in non-haem iron uptake, but has no significant effect on Hcp1 mRNA content. (wikigenes.org)
  • The mRNA evaluation proven that iron uptake genes (DMT-1 and TfR1) demonstrated different manifestation amounts in SH-SY5Y cells in the current presence of LPS and LTA. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Open up in another window Shape 2 Ramifications of LPS and LTA remedies for the mRNA expressions of iron uptake and iron storage space genes in SH-SY5Y cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The mRNA expressions from the treated cells had been in comparison to their suitable settings (6 h, 24 h, or 48 h). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The mRNA expressions of FTH had been elevated at every time factors of LPS treatment but with different altitudes (Shape 2B). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • These outcomes presume that LPS acts about FTH expression while LTA affects primarily FTMT mRNA level mainly. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Isolated S. Typhimurium AcnA protein had kinetic and mRNA-binding properties similar to those described for E. coli AcnA. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
  • The hepcidin mRNA lacks any stem-loop structures containing the consensus IRE motif for binding of iron-regulatory proteins. (diff.org)
  • Patients with increased EpoR-mRNA expression had a higher local cancer recurrence rate (p=0.021), however, no significant difference in overall survival was observed. (iiarjournals.org)
  • mRNA is detected in the outer cell layers of the root and accumulates in response to iron deficiency. (or.jp)
  • In excised leaves and whole plants treated with high levels of exogenous CuSO 4 , CCH mRNA levels decreased, indicating that CCH is regulated differently than characterized metallothionein proteins in Arabidopsis. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Prior work on the regulation and localization of Arabidopsis iron transporters, OPT3, YSL1 and YSL3 has indicated that they have opposite but indispensible roles in controlling shoot-to-root signaling of iron status. (umass.edu)
  • E. L. (2011) Transporters Contributing to Iron Trafficking in Plants Molecular Plant 4(3):464-76. (umass.edu)
  • Quantitative PCR combined with elemental analysis and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that at short-term exposure (72 h) the nanoparticles' absorption process is predominant, with the consequent over-expression of metal transporters and metal response proteins. (uea.ac.uk)
  • 8 All these events lead to retention of iron within phagocytes and to the development of functional iron deficiency, meaning that although iron is abundant in the body the metal is not available for erythropoiesis. (haematologica.org)
  • The combination of functional iron deficiency due to ACD and chronic blood loss is the most common finding in IBD. (haematologica.org)
  • Iron is part of hemoproteins, iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins, and other proteins with functional groups that require iron as a cofactor. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Conversely, KDM1A+2a(-/-) hESCs give rise to functional cardiac cells, displaying increased beating amplitude and frequency and enhanced expression of critical cardiogenic markers. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • First described to modulate metabolic adaptive responses, ppGpp modulates the expression of genes belonging to very diverse functional categories. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • These outer membrane proteins (OMPs) comprise the five subfamilies FupA, FupB, FslE, FmvA, and FmvB, which share a domain of unknown function (DUF3573) and display specific features that might reflect functional differences. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Mostajeran M, Wetterling F, W Blixt F, Edvinsson L, Ansar S. Acute mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 inhibition improves functional recovery and vascular changes after ischaemic stroke in rat-monitored by 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging. (lu.se)
  • 4 This blocks the transfer of absorbed iron from the duodenal enterocyte into the circulation - an effect which can be aggravated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 5 - and, in parallel, causes retention of iron within macrophages and monocytes. (haematologica.org)
  • HFE gene product is responsible for the blood iron uptake into the duodenal crypt cells. (biochemia-medica.com)
  • It is suggested that hepcidin also decreases expression of proteins involved in intestinal iron absorption, such as duodenal cytochrome-b ( Dcytb ) and divalent metal transporter-1 ( DMT1 ), although the mechanism and extent of control is unknown. (diff.org)
  • Further, there are signaling pathways that participate in regulation, such as Wnt channel, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) channel, bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) channel, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs) channel, and Notch channel. (frontiersin.org)
  • 1 , 7 In addition, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines further contribute to iron retention within monocytes/macrophages by stimulating iron uptake pathways while inhibiting ferroportin transcription in these cells. (haematologica.org)
  • She is keenly interested in uncovering additional features of both the iron uptake, and long distance iron movement pathways. (umass.edu)
  • For the first time, these nanoparticles were evaluated in an in vivo Xenopus laevis model to study whole organism toxicity and their impact on iron and zinc metabolic pathways. (uea.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, the tolC mutant shows an increased expression of genes involved in all of these pathways. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • Infection and inflammation can result in cytokines, such as interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) stimulating hepcidin expression through molecular pathways that could include binding of STAT3 to the hepcidin promoter. (diff.org)
  • Hepcidin is an anti-microbial peptide formed of 25 amino acids, which is produced mainly in the liver in response to iron overload or upon induction by pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-6. (haematologica.org)
  • LTA and LPS Work In a different way for the Hepcidin Secretion and Iron Content material from the SH-SY5Y Cells Following, we determined the creation from the main iron regulatory hormone hepcidin of LTA and LPS treated SH-SY5Y cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Hepcidin , a small peptide synthesized in the liver , controls extracellular iron by regulating its intestinal absorption, placental transport, recycling by macrophages, and release from stores. (diff.org)
  • When iron levels are high, molecules such as the hemochromatosis gene product ( HFE ), hemojuvelin ( HJV ) and transferrin receptor 2 ( TfR2 ) increase hepatic hepcidin expression. (diff.org)
  • It is suggested that HJV and soluble HJV (sHJV) modulates hepcidin expression through activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. (diff.org)
  • By contrast, increased erythropoietic activity suppresses hepcidin expression, as do anemia and hypoxia. (diff.org)
  • How these three processes inhibit hepcidin expression is unclear, but they are closely related. (diff.org)
  • Hepcidin induction by iron is homeostatic because increased plasma hepcidin would act to inhibit further intestinal iron absorption and iron release from stores. (diff.org)
  • However, the mechanism of hepcidin regulation by iron is turning out to be unexpectedly complex. (diff.org)
  • Although hepatocytes are the main sources of hepcidin, and the simplest model would place the iron sensor there (Fig 1), it is not certain that iron sensing takes place in hepatocytes. (diff.org)
  • Perhaps the best clue about hepcidin regulation by iron comes from the studies of genes involved in hereditary hemochromatosis. (diff.org)
  • Thus hepcidin levels decrease, its inhibitory effects diminish, and more iron is made available from the diet and from the storage pool in macrophages and hepatocytes. (diff.org)
  • Finally, genes encoding putative regulatory proteins such as extracellular function (ECF) sigma factors as well as small proteins had elevated expression levels in the presence of oxygen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 6 The latter effect is of major importance, because macrophages are involved in the re-utilization of iron from senescent red blood cells which are taken up via erythrophagocytosis. (haematologica.org)
  • The concomitant reduction of expression of a gene encoding the lactate transporter PG1340 suggests decreased utilization of this nutrient. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Mutations at band Xq13.3 result in increased copper uptake in the small intestine, but an inability to transport copper from the brush border intestinal cells into the plasma results in a total-body copper deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • In molecular biology, the iron dependent repressors are a family of bacterial and archaeal transcriptional repressors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Host defense against bacterial invasion depends on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear granulocytes and the bactericidal effect of serum, mediated in large part by complement proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • Here we used splicing-sensitive arrays to assess genome-wide gene- and exon-level expression profiles in human DCs in response to a bacterial challenge. (refine.bio)
  • Many bacterial species possess two genetically distinct aconitase proteins, AcnA and AcnB. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
  • Our data further support the role of ppGpp participating in the coordinated regulation of the expression of bacterial factors required during infection. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Within the phagocytes, iron is recycled through enzymatic degradation of heme and delivered via ferroportin into the circulation, accounting for approximately 90% of the daily iron needs. (haematologica.org)
  • HSC express the iron-uptake protein TfR1, and the iron-export protein ferroportin. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Proteomic analysis of this mutant identified protein candidates that could be responsible for the reduction in virulence. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A set of proteins associated with virulence was also affected. (waw.pl)
  • The dtxR protein regulates the expression of diphtheria toxin in response to environmental iron concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae regulates the expression of the gene on corynebacteriophages that encodes diphtheria toxin (DT). (rcsb.org)
  • Encodes a putative transcription factor that regulates iron uptake responses. (or.jp)
  • In IBD, this scenario is typically associated with iron deficiency which is a consequence of recurrent bleeding episodes from ulcerated intestinal mucosa. (haematologica.org)
  • The complex is then internalized and degraded, decreasing iron release from macrophages and hepatocytes and reducing intestinal iron uptake. (diff.org)
  • Besides iron deficiency and ACD, metabolic disturbances and vitamin deficiencies as well as commonly used IBD drugs can aggravate anemia in IBD. (haematologica.org)
  • Therefore, IBD-associated anemia is the prototype of iron deficiency combined with ACD. (haematologica.org)
  • As a constituent of hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen transport and significant iron deficiency leads to anemia. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The expression of OsNRAMP5 is not controlled by Fe deficiency in root and was also observed in pistil, ovary, lemma and palea. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Chan Rodriguez, D. and E. L. Walker (2018) Analysis of yellow striped mutants of Zea mays reveals novel loci contributing to iron deficiency chlorosis. (umass.edu)
  • Background-- In the absence of a feasible, noninvasive gold standard, iron deficiency (ID) is best measured by the use of multiple indicators. (cdc.gov)
  • Iron deficiency is the most common known form of nutritional deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • In children, iron deficiency causes developmental delays and behavioral disturbances, and in pregnant women, it increases the risk for a preterm delivery and delivering a low-birthweight baby. (cdc.gov)
  • In the past three decades, increased iron intake among infants has resulted in a decline in childhood iron-deficiency anemia in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • As a consequence, the use of screening tests for anemia has become a less efficient means of detecting iron deficiency in some populations. (cdc.gov)
  • For women of childbearing age, iron deficiency has remained prevalent. (cdc.gov)
  • To address the changing epidemiology of iron deficiency in the United States, CDC staff in consultation with experts developed new recommendations for use by primary health-care providers to prevent, detect, and treat iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • These recommendations update the 1989 'CDC Criteria for Anemia in Children and Childbearing-Aged Women' (MMWR 1989;38(22):400-4) and are the first comprehensive CDC recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among children declined during the 1970s in association with increased iron intake during infancy (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • Because of this decline, the value of anemia as a predictor of iron deficiency has also declined, thus decreasing the effectiveness of routine anemia screening among children. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings, plus increased knowledge about screening for iron status, raised questions about the necessity and effectiveness of existing U.S. programs to prevent and control iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC requested the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop recommendations for preventing, detecting, and treating iron-deficiency anemia among U.S. children and U.S. women of childbearing age. (cdc.gov)
  • Preventing and controlling iron deficiency are also addressed in Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans (14). (cdc.gov)
  • This would improve our understanding of an iron regulatory network. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Organisms have therefore evolved precise homeostatic regulatory systems to control the uptake, distribution, storage, and detoxification of metal ions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are using biophysical tools to determine the regulatory mechanisms of proteins with redox-sensitive ALR domains. (uwm.edu)
  • To investigate the mode of action of these proteins, we purified recombinant FupA, FupB and FupA/B proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and incorporated them into mixed lipid bilayers. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In this process, astrocytes proliferate to fill gaps and undergo a typical morphological change: a large cytoplasmic mass, long and branched processes, and increased expression of intermediate filaments such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (jneurosci.org)
  • Metals such as iron, copper, and zinc are essential nutrients for all organisms and play important roles in many biochemical processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fur controls a wide variety of basic physiological processes including iron uptake systems and the expression of exotoxin A. Here, we present the first crystal structure of Fur from P. aeruginosa in complex with Zn2+ determined at a resolution of 1.8 A. Furthermore, X-ray absorption spectroscopic measurements and microPIXE analysis were performed in order to characterize the distinct zinc and iron binding sites in solution. (ox.ac.uk)
  • lcn2 expression and secretion increased after inflammatory stimulation in cultured astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Also, genes encoding gingipain protease secretion/maturation regulator ( porR ) and protease transporter ( porT ) had reduced expression in the presence of oxygen, which also correlated with reduced protease activities under aerobic conditions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The Special Issue will continue to focus on the most up-to-date knowledge concerning the pharmacology and clinical applications of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) that plays a critical role in the catabolism of heme to the bile pigment bilirubin, generating carbon monoxide (CO) and releasing iron, which is sequestered by ferritin. (mdpi.com)
  • In particular, NO modulates the activity of a broad range of proteins by binding to crucial Cys residues and to heme or iron-sulfur centers (Stamler et al. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • Proteomic analysis indicated that the loss of OmpR affects the production of 120 proteins, a third of which are involved in uptake/transport, including several that participate in iron or heme acquisition. (waw.pl)
  • Aconitases (Acn) are iron sulfur proteins that catalyse the reversible isomerization of citrate and isocitrate GSK J4 cell line via the intermediate cis-aconitate in the Krebs cycle. (thrombin-inhibitor.com)
  • Besides, ASK1-K716R effectively suppressed the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain parenchyma, decreased the number of proinflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, increased the number of anti-inflammatory-like microglia/macrophages, and downregulated expression of several proinflammatory factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Approximately 800-1500 mg of iron mainly deposited in the liver, spleen and bone marrow macrophages is the usual amount of this metal present in the human body. (biochemia-medica.com)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • ppGpp is required for the expression of the alpha-hemolysin encoded in hlyCABD(II) by stimulating its transcriptional expression. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Iron-bound dtxR homodimers bind to an interrupted palindrome of 19 bp, protecting a sequence of ~30 bp. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several proteins are known to contain a dtxR-type HTH domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other genes regulated by DtxR include those that encode proteins involved in siderophore-mediated iron uptake. (rcsb.org)
  • Divalent cations were essential for the expression of the MAPs, which did not contain disulphide bonds or have a quaternary structure. (open.ac.uk)
  • Cphy0543 is homologous to MgtA, a P-type ATPase upregulated at low ambient Mg 2 ϩ concentrations (35) to mediate Mg 2 ϩ uptake (36) or Ca 2 ϩ /Mg 2 ϩ antiport (37). (researchgate.net)
  • We used real-time quantitative PCR, western blots, and enzymatic assays to examine PEPC expression and PEPC activities, under low and high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). (uni-konstanz.de)
  • AMACR has been recently described as prostate cancerspecific gene that encodes a protein involved in the betaoxidation of branched chain fatty acids. (groundwater-2011.net)
  • This gene, referred to as Copper CHaperone (CCH), encodes a protein that is 36% identical to the amino acid sequence of ATX1 and has a 48-amino acid extension at the C-terminal end, which is absent from ATX1 homologs identified in animals. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Because iron is toxic at high levels, iron acquisition in pathogenic organisms, including H. capsulatum, is a highly regulated process. (nih.gov)
  • The latter strategy, using metallophores, was thought to be limited to facilitating the acquisition of iron. (illinois.edu)
  • M-CSF binds to the M-CSF receptor, which is promote the proliferation and differentiation of OC and the continuous expression of RANK. (frontiersin.org)
  • RANK binds to transmembrane protein nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL) to activate RANK/RANKL, TRAF6/RANKL/MAPKs, TRAF6/ RANKL/NF-κB, Wnt/RANKL/RANKL, and JAK2/STAT3/RANKL. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusion: Since EpoR expression is associated with hormone receptor positivity and decreased locoregional disease control, this parameter characterises a specific cancer phenotype rather than being a negative predictor itself. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The expression and transcription of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and BSP promote the maturation and mineralization of OB ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Magnetosome-specific expression of chimeric proteins in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense for applications in cell biology and biotechnology. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Recently, we showed that OsNRAMP5 is a plasma membrane protein involved in Mn and Fe transport. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This protein controls zinc uptake across the plasma membrane of various cell types, including the intestine. (medscape.com)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis ideR, an iron-dependent regulator that is essential for this pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current studies are focused on elucidating how the selective pressures encountered during infection shape the repertoire of metalloenzymes possessed by a pathogen and their expression. (illinois.edu)
  • Authors' contributions ZL, QL, and LW designed the protein translocation experiments through nanopores. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • LW carried out the protein translocation experiments and drafted the manuscript. (dehydrogenase-signal.com)
  • 1993), as well uptake and translocation of long-chain fatty acids as NMR solution structures (Hodsdon et al. (lu.se)
  • This pore-forming toxin has been reported as an important protein that mediates tissue damage promoted by S. aureus . (nature.com)
  • Further studies have shown that these proteins transport iron bound to different siderophore compounds (siderophores are iron-binding agents produced and secreted by other microbes in order to obtain iron) [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Her work on this subject began with the identification of Yellow Stripe1 (YS1), which encodes the iron-phytosiderophore transporter that is responsible for primary iron uptake in grass species. (umass.edu)
  • In this project, a combination of transporter activity studies, protein localization, and highly accurate determination of the metal distribution in veins will test this hypothesis. (umass.edu)
  • Additionally, ASK1-K716R demonstrated a protective function in maintaining BBB integrity by suppressing ASK1/JNKs activity in endothelial cells, thereby reducing the degradation of tight junction proteins following TBI. (bvsalud.org)
  • Homologous and heterologous expression of magnetosome operons from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • I like crystallography, which is an important tool to determine protein structures. (uwm.edu)
  • These proteins are highly conserved across all kingdoms of life and thus likely share a common transport mechanism. (nature.com)
  • For example, iron and copper readily donate and accept electrons and are important cofactors in electron transport and in many redox-active metalloenzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data show that rice would utilize OsNRAMP5 for constitutive Fe and Mn uptake, while OsNRAMP5 would also play a role in Fe and Mn transport during flowering and seed development. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HSC express iron transport proteins. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Although the paralogous FupB protein lacks such activity, iron transport capacity and a role in membrane stability were reported for the FupA/B chimera, a protein found in some F. tularensis strains, including the live vaccine strain (LVS). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • Zinc, a strong Lewis acid (an electron-pair acceptor), is a catalytic component of over 300 enzymes and plays critical structural roles in many proteins, for example in zinc fingers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Silvaggi Lab is working on many proteins (like ADC family, RitR) and exploring the mechanisms based on their structure and enzyme kinetics. (uwm.edu)
  • More recently, the gene SLC39A4 was found to encode a solute carrier protein called human zinc/iron-regulated transporterlike protein (hZIP4). (medscape.com)
  • that LTA and LPS activated specific reactions in SH-SY5Y cells by in a different way changing the expressions of iron uptake, BMS-777607 biological activity aswell as cytosolic and mitochondrial iron storage space proteins. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • These outcomes may claim that BMS-777607 biological activity SH-SY5Y cells respond to LPS treatment BMS-777607 biological activity because of its different actions later on, and both TfR1 and DMT-1 donate to LPS-mediated iron uptake. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The pathogenesis of anaemia in cancer is multifactorial and includes classical features of the inflammatory anaemia of chronic disease, such as iron restriction within the reticuloendothelial system, an impaired biological activity of erythropoetin and a diminished proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, all of which are the reflection of a cancer driven activated immune system ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The changes in body iron distribution are caused by cytokines and acute phase proteins. (haematologica.org)
  • Expression of pQexpE increased cellulolysis by ϳ 30% in both the WT and ET strains (Fig. 5A) and boosted ethanol production by 70% relative to the ET strain ( P Ͻ 0.01), thereby restoring ethanol yields to WT levels (Fig. 5B). (researchgate.net)
  • For several genes (PaAtx1, PaCcc2, PaCcs1, PaCox11, PaCox19, PaCox23, PaSco1) the expression in the wild-type strain could be demonstrated using different standard (nothern blot analysis, RT-PCR) or newly established (GFP-reporter-constructs) methods. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Prototrophy suppressor mutations in a ppGpp-deficient strain restore the alpha-hemolysin expression from this operon to wild-type levels, confirming the requirement of ppGpp for its expression. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Neither protein was expressed in the FSC043 strain, which instead codes for a hybrid protein that consists of the FTT0918 N-terminal and the FTT0919 C-terminal domains. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This is accomplished mainly by inhibiting the activation or uptake of complement components, especially C3b. (medscape.com)
  • Its ability to easily uptake and release electrones qualifies copper to be an ideal reaction partner in redox-reactions. (uni-frankfurt.de)