Iron regulatory proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) is a key factor in regulating brain iron homeostasis. (nature.com)
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are cytoplasmic mRNA binding proteins involved in intracellular regulation of iron homeostasis. (psu.edu)
In the research article, Dr. Khan discusses the importance of Iron Regulatory Protein and Element (IRE)-mRNA to Iron homeostasis in the human body. (alfaisal.edu)
The research focus was on the post-transcriptional regulation of gene of iron transport, storage and utilization, and on the regulation of iron homeostasis. (alfaisal.edu)
DMT1 expression is regulated by body iron stores to maintain iron homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery of leptin more than a decade ago established a paradigm in which secreted proteins from adipocytes coordinate energy balance and glucose homeostasis ( 2 , 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In pursuit of this aim, a systems biology approach was undertaken to get an insight into the overall picture to unravel how T[SH] 2 synthesis and reduction is linked with the regulation of Fe/S cluster proteins and controls the redox homeostasis at a larger scale. (frontiersin.org)
Discovery of iron sulfur proteins in many crucial pathways, from respiration to DNA and RNA metabolism and numerous metabolic pathways, may substantially add to our understanding of cellular homeostasis and function. (nih.gov)
Proteins that regulate cellular and organismal iron homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, adequate iron supply is critical for cellular as well as organismal homeostasis. (mdpi.com)
For example, novel roles of host-gut microbiota crosstalk in mammalian iron homeostasis, and its connection with cell proliferation and metabolism have generated widespread interest. (mdpi.com)
The regulation and maintenance of iron homeostasis is critical to human health. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 post-transcriptionally control mammalian iron homeostasis by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs), conserved RNA stem-loop structures located in the 5'- or 3'- untranslated regions of genes involved in iron metabolism (e.g. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Mn(II) has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial aconitase activity to a significant level, altering amino acid metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. (selfdecode.com)
It is also believed that this direct disruption of the catalytic [4Fe-4S] cluster of aconitase by manganese produces iron regulary protein 1, resulting in alterations in cellular iron homeostasis. (selfdecode.com)
Manganese alters cellular iron homeostasis by stabilizing iron regulatory protein 2. (selfdecode.com)
In these 9 Articles - and there are 100's more just like them - that "examine" the many facets of Iron Metabolism and Iron Homeostasis, there is ONE WORD that is missing from ALL of these studies… Any one want to venture a guess as to what that one word might be? (gotmag.org)
Our findings unveil a significant impact of iron homeostasis in regulation of human HSCs, with important implications for both basic HSC biology and clinical hematology. (lu.se)

Intracellular iron levels are elaborately balanced by iron efflux, uptake, and storage proteins that are regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs, including IRP1 and IRP2) [ 16 ]. (nature.com)
Under various iron conditions, IRPs could bind to IREs in the targeted mRNA, stabilize the mRNA or prevent its translation. (nature.com)
IRPs regulate expression of ferritin and transferrin receptor at the mRNA level by interacting with a conserved RNA structure termed the iron-responsive element (IRE). (psu.edu)
Early work involved cloning and characterization of iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRPs), and elucidation of how these proteins sense cytosolic iron levels and regulate expression of iron metabolism genes. (nih.gov)
IRPs bind to RNA stem-loops known as iron-responsive elements (IREs) in transcripts that encode iron metabolism genes, including ferritin, transferrin receptor 1, ferroportin, HIF2 alpha, and several other transcripts. (nih.gov)
IRPs bind to IREs when iron levels are depleted, resulting in either 1) inhibition of translation of ferritin mRNA and other transcripts that contain an IRE in the 5′-untranslated regions (UTR) or 2) stabilization of the transferrin receptor mRNA and possibly other transcripts that contain IREs in the 3′ UTR. (nih.gov)
M. haemolytica contains numerous virulence factors among which are the leukotoxin (LtxA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer-membrane proteins (OMPs), iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), fimbriae, polysaccharide capsule, adhesins and antibiotic resistance-carrying plasmids. (hipra.com)

Iron deficiency can lead to iron-deficiency anemia thus iron regulation is very crucial in the human body. (wikipedia.org)
An important factor is that, with protein deficiency, serum vitamin A levels may be decreased despite good vitamin A intake and adequate vitamin A stores. (medscape.com)
Total and holo retinol-binding protein (RBP) test: These tests (complex of vitamin A and RBP) for serum RBP tend to correlate with measures of serum vitamin A. These levels can also be decreased in the presence of protein deficiency. (medscape.com)
Approximately 30% of the world's population is anemic, of which 50% is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). (ispub.com)
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is an important public health concern that affects every population. (ispub.com)
As one of the primary etiologies of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and consequent anemia (IDA) may have unique prognostic implications as well. (ispub.com)
In mouse models, loss of IRP2 results in mild anemia, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and adult-onset neurodegeneration-all likely the result of functional iron deficiency. (nih.gov)
Defective iron sulfur biogenesis causes several diseases, including Friedreich ataxia, and four new diseases that our group helped to discover and characterize, including ISCU myopathy, sideroblastic anemia from GLRX5 deficiency, and lactic acidosis caused by mutations in NFU1 and BOLA3. (nih.gov)
The Rouault lab discovered that animals that lacked IRP2 developed adult-onset neurodegeneration with prominent motor neuron disease, and studies demonstrated that functional iron deficiency adversely affected mitochondrial function in neurons. (nih.gov)
Although iron deficiency leads to various biochemical disorders, iron excess is potentially toxic as it can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Fenton reactions. (mdpi.com)
In humans, iron imbalance constitutes a major global health burden, as both deficiency (mainly nutritional) and overload (genetically encoded) disorders are prevalent in distinct geographical and genetic backgrounds. (mdpi.com)
Iron deficiency is also common in patients with HF and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, regardless of the presence or absence of anaemia. (revistanefrologia.com)
While the treatment of anaemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with HF have failed to show a benefit in terms of morbidity and mortality, treatment with IV iron in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency is associated with clinical improvement. (revistanefrologia.com)
In a post hoc analysis of a clinical trial, iron therapy improved kidney function in patients with HF and iron deficiency. (revistanefrologia.com)
In fact, the European Society of Cardiology's recent clinical guidelines on HF suggest that in symptomatic patients with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency, treatment with IV ferric carboxymaltose should be considered to improve symptoms, the ability to exercise and quality of life. (revistanefrologia.com)
As a constituent of hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen transport and significant iron deficiency leads to anemia. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
What causes iron deficiency? (thyroiduk.org)
What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia? (thyroiduk.org)
3 However, symptoms may depend on the severity of your iron deficiency. (thyroiduk.org)
Anaemia , due to a severe iron deficiency, will show up as low haemoglobin and hematocrit (percentage of red cells in the blood) when a complete blood count (CBC) test is carried out. (thyroiduk.org)
The oral dose of elemental iron (the part of the tablet that is absorbable) for iron-deficiency anaemia should be 100 to 200 mg daily 5 . (thyroiduk.org)
Although iron is abundant in the earth's crust, it is highly insoluble and this severely limits its availability to living organisms, including humans, and, as a result, iron deficiency is the most widespread global nutritional deficiency. (ukri.org)
Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type and is easily treatable with dietary changes and iron supplements. (who.int)
The prevalence of anaemia, defined by low haemoglobin or haematocrit, is commonly used to assess the severity of iron deficiency in a population. (who.int)
Iron deficiency anaemia is an important public health problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
Pregnant women and young children are most at risk: about 50% of pregnant women and 63% of children under-5 have iron deficiency anaemia. (who.int)

The iron uptake pathway in Saccharaomyces cerevisiae, which consists of a multicopper ferroxidase (Fet3) and an iron plasma permease (FTR1) has a high affinity for iron uptake compared to the DMT1 iron uptake process present in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
The iron uptake process in yeasts consists of Fe3+ which is reduced to Fe2+ by ferriductases. (wikipedia.org)
The Fet3/FTR1 iron uptake pathway is able to achieve complete specificity for iron over other ions due to the multi-step nature of the pathway. (wikipedia.org)
So in anaerobic environments the oxidase would not be able to function thus another means of iron uptake is necessary. (wikipedia.org)

This concordant regulation of transferrin receptors and ferritin is designed so a cell can obtain iron when it is needed, and sequester iron when it is in excess. (psu.edu)
However, we have reported that iron accumulates in the brain in Alzheimer's disease without a concomitant increase in ferritin. (psu.edu)
This gene provides instructions for making the ferritin light chain, which is one part (subunit) of the protein ferritin . (medlineplus.gov)
Ferritin stores and releases iron in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Each ferritin molecule can hold as many as 4,500 iron atoms inside its spherical structure. (medlineplus.gov)
This storage capacity allows ferritin to regulate the amount of iron in cells and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
This normally occurs when iron levels are low, because under those circumstances less ferritin is needed to store the iron. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the IRE segment of the FTL gene prevent it from binding with IRP, interfering with the mechanism by which ferritin production is matched to iron levels and resulting in excess ferritin being formed. (medlineplus.gov)
Hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid can lead to poor iron absorption which is why it's important to check your iron and ferritin levels. (thyroiduk.org)
Ferritin is a protein that combines with iron and is used by the body as its main form of iron storage. (thyroiduk.org)
The study by Vanoaica, et al (2010) is unique in its recognition that Ferritin-H is ESSENTIAL for "accurate control" of Iron. (gotmag.org)
It's a form of Ferritin that has Ferroxidase enzyme function, which is ESSENTIAL for proper Iron egress & circulation… (They've KNOWN this since 1968! (gotmag.org)
In previous years, our laboratory identified and characterized the cis and trans elements mediating iron-dependent alterations in the abundance of ferritin and the transferrin receptor. (nih.gov)

Depletion of OTUD3 results in a disorder of iron metabolism. (nature.com)
In this review, we will discuss iron-mediated α S aggregation, alterations in iron metabolism, and the role of the iron-dopamine couple. (hindawi.com)
We aim to understand how mammals regulate intracellular and systemic iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2) regulate the expression of numerous proteins of iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
She came to NIH as a human genetics fellow in the NICHD, and was subsequently promoted to head of the Section on Human Iron Metabolism, and then to head of the Metals Biology and Molecular Medicine Branch. (nih.gov)
She was elected to the American Association of Physicians, received a distinguished alumnus award from Duke Medical Center, and has twice received the NIH Director's Award for outstanding accomplishments in iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Dr. Rouault's laboratory has a long-standing interest in regulation of mammalian iron metabolism. (nih.gov)
Inflammation also alters iron metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Organisms of different orders have thus developed customized iron metabolism of their own which has to be tightly regulated. (mdpi.com)
In addition, dysregulated iron metabolism has been implicated in various disorders, such as inflammation, infection, and cancer highlighting its much broader role in pathophysiology. (mdpi.com)
Iron plays a key role in oxygen storage (myoglobin) and in energy metabolism, and there are pathophysiological bases that explain the beneficial effect of IV iron therapy in patients with HF. (revistanefrologia.com)
AbstractA bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. (ox.ac.uk)
Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. (ox.ac.uk)
Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Iron Toxicity Post #65: there is NO such thing as 'Iron Metabolism. (gotmag.org)
Yes, they make a point of mentioning Ceruloplasmin, and on a rare occasion, will discuss the Ferroxidase enzyme function, but no where do they honor or highlight that there is NO such thing as "Iron Metabolism. (gotmag.org)
We are "D"rowning in Iron Supplements & Infusions - that KILL our metabolism! (gotmag.org)
To approach questions about the physiology of iron metabolism, we generated loss-of-function mutations of IRP1 and IRP2 in mice through homologous recombination in embryonic cell lines. (nih.gov)
In the absence of provocative stimuli, we observed no abnormalities in iron metabolism associated with loss of IRP1 function. (nih.gov)
Mechanistically, we found that the HSC stimulating effect of CPX was directly mediated by chelation of the intracellular iron pool, which in turn affected iron-dependent proteins and enzymes mediating cellular metabolism and respiration. (lu.se)

Fe-S clusters are present in more than 300 different types of enzymes or proteins and play crucial roles in fundamental life processes such as respiration, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. (uga.edu)
The toxic effects of lead result from its interference with the physiologic actions of calcium, zinc, and iron, through the inhibition of certain enzymes, and through binding to ion channels and regulatory proteins. (cdc.gov)
and Climate gases and bioenergy (theme 3), which focusses on the roles of iron containing monooxygenase enzymes that play key roles in the utilisation of methane and isoprene, two atmostpheric gases produced naturally on a massive scale. (ukri.org)

IRP1 acquires an iron-sulfur cluster in iron-replete cells that prevents it from binding to IREs, and enables it to function as a cytosolic aconite. (nih.gov)
free" iron increases oxidative stress and regulates the expression of many mRNAs by affecting the conformation of iron regulatory protein (IRP)-1 and its binding to iron regulatory elements (IREs) in the 5'- or 3' -UTRs of the mRNAs. (ihcworld.com)
IRP2 also binds to IREs in iron-depleted cells, but, unlike IRP1, is degraded in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)

Research on Fe-S cluster biosynthesis in the Johnson group currently involves investigating the molecular mechanisms of Fe-S cluster assembly on scaffold proteins and the subsequent intact cluster transfer to acceptor or carrier proteins. (uga.edu)
The discovery of the iron-sulfur cluster in IRP1 led to extensive studies of mechanisms of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, which resulted in characterization of a mammalian cysteine desulfurase, NFS1, a primary scaffold known as ISCU, a secondary scaffold known as NFU1, an NFS1 binding partner, ISD11, and a cochaperone known as HSC20. (nih.gov)
This may occur by manganese competing directly for an iron-binding site on the iron binding protein, disrupting the cellular mechanisms responsible for its iron-dependent degradation. (selfdecode.com)
Antioxidant mechanisms of nitric oxide against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress in cells. (cdc.gov)
To elucidate regulatory mechanisms governing the maintenance and propagation of human HSCs ex vivo, we screened libraries of annotated small molecules in human cord blood (CB) cells using an optimized assay for detection of functional HSCs during culture. (lu.se)
These cells possess specific regulatory mechanisms, called hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which, under hypoxic conditions, stimulate the production of erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of erythrocytes. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms of plasma non-transferrin bound iron generation: insights from comparing transfused diamond blackfan anaemia with sickle cell and thalassaemia patients. (medscape.com)

Moreover, a molecular-level understanding of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis is crucial for understanding a variety of human diseases involving anemias, myopathies and ataxias that arise from defects in Fe-S cluster biogenesis proteins. (uga.edu)
Iron-sulfur protein maturation in Helicobacter pylori:Identifying a Nfu-type cluster carrier protein and its iron-sulfur protein targets. (uga.edu)
Along with its most important role as central reductant, T[SH] 2 have also been assumed to regulate the activation of iron-sulfur cluster proteins (Fe/S). Fe/S clusters are versatile cofactors of various proteins and execute a much broader range of essential biological processes viz. (frontiersin.org)
Although, several Fe/S cluster proteins and their roles have been identified in Leishmania, some of the components of how T[SH] 2 is involved in the regulation of Fe/S proteins remains to be explored. (frontiersin.org)
This has also caused an elevated level of free radicals which apparently affected the activation of Fe/S cluster proteins. (frontiersin.org)
We study mammalian iron sulfur cluster biogenesis, which involves a complex interplay of biogenesis factors and factors that specify recipient proteins. (nih.gov)
policy makers and commercial stakeholders, who are likely to be interested in the anticipated advances in understanding how microorganisms, including pathogens, sense nitric oxide and other oxidative/nitrosative stresses via iron-sulfur cluster regulatory proteins. (ukri.org)
The IRE-binding activity of IRP1 depends on the presence of an iron-sulfur cluster (see "Mammalian iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis" below). (nih.gov)

An increase in iron without proper sequestration can increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. (psu.edu)
Three distinct antioxidant pathways are considered through which iron-catalyzed oxidative stress may be regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The first two pathways involve direct redox interactions of NO with iron catalytic sites and represent a fast response that may be considered an emergency mechanism to protect cells from the consequences of acute and intensive oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
Mn, serum Mn, urine Mn, Centromere-positive micronuclei in periphery blood lymphocytes, DNA protein-crosslinks in peripheral white blood cells, oxidative stress as urinary 8OHdG, and long-term oxidative damage measured as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (measure of systemic oxidative stress) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (product of lipid peroxidation and reflect tissue injuries). (who.int)

Alterations in the interaction between iron regulatory proteins and their iron responsive element in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brains. (psu.edu)
Dive into the research topics of 'Alterations in the interaction between iron regulatory proteins and their iron responsive element in normal and Alzheimer's diseased brains. (psu.edu)
The mutations that cause hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome are found in a segment of the gene called the iron responsive element (IRE). (medlineplus.gov)
Rapid kinetics of iron responsive element (IRE) RNA/iron regulatory pr" by Mateen A. Khan, Jia Ma et al. (cuny.edu)

Iron also participates in many metabolic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative pathways and biochemical alterations resulting from aberrant iron-induced chemistry are the principal focus of this review in order to highlight the plethora of research that has uncovered this emerging dichotomy of iron playing both functional and disruptive roles in PD pathology. (hindawi.com)
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has highlighted the accumulation of iron in the SNpc region of the PD brain, which disrupts iron circulation pathways to create an imbalance of the metal [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hence, we suggest that, by designing highly potent and specific inhibitors of TryR enzyme, inhibition of T[SH] 2 reduction and overall inhibition of most of the downstream pathways including Fe/S protein activation reactions, can be accomplished. (frontiersin.org)

Over recent years, discovery of several new players in cellular and systemic iron regulation has revolutionized our understandings from both basic science and translational perspectives. (mdpi.com)

Toxic accumulation of divalent metals, especially iron and/or manganese, are frequently discussed aetiological factors in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
DMT1 may be the major transporter of manganese across the blood brain barrier and expression of this protein in the nasal epithelium provides a route for direct absorption of metals into the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are essential transition metal ions for neurotransmission, enzymatic reactions, and mitochondrial functions regulated by the central nervous system (CNS) [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Manganese binds to the prion protein, altering its conformation, displacing copper, and altering the redox chemistry of the metal-protein complex. (selfdecode.com)
Particle elemental composition was mainly iron and manganese. (who.int)
In Canadian welders, personal exposures to manganese ranged from 0.01-4.93 mg/m3 and to iron ranged from 0.04-16.29 mg/m3 in eight Canadian welding companies in Manitoba. (who.int)

Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP 2), also known as divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and divalent cation transporter 1 (DCT1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC11A2 (solute carrier family 11, member 2) gene. (wikipedia.org)
Gene expression studies greatly contribute to our understanding of complex relationships in gene regulatory networks. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
analyses of gene expression and iron status at various stages of disease are ongoing. (nih.gov)
The additional information generated by whole genome studies goes far beyond that derived by characterizing in isolation more genes and gene products, because analysis of the whole genome allows complete regulatory networks to be identified and characterized. (cdc.gov)
A second group of methods, which includes DNA microarrays and proteomics, have advantages that overcome the limitations implicit in signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo expression technology, namely, the ability to directly measure expression (gene or protein) levels on a true genome-wide scale, but their application to analysis of bacterial pathogens during real infections is still in its infancy. (cdc.gov)
The disease is caused by a mutated gene that leads to a lack of the building blocks needed to form the cell's protein factories (known as ribosomes). (lu.se)

Retinol is transported in the plasma on a specific protein called retinol-binding protein. (medscape.com)
Intracellular retinol in peripheral tissues can also combine with plasma retinol-binding protein within that tissue, or it can be incorporated into retinyl esters in lipoproteins. (medscape.com)

The May 2007 RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month feature on Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1 by David S. Goodsell is 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2007_5 . (proteopedia.org)
IRP1 is an iron-sulfur protein that functions as an aconitase in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)

OTUD3 knockout mice display nigral iron accumulation, motor deficits, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration, which resembles the pathology of PD. (nature.com)
Evidence for iron accumulation within the SNpc region of the PD brain along with abundant misfolded α S inclusions implies a direct relationship between iron and α S in the pathogenesis of PD [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)

Predicted to act upstream of or within negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling. (nih.gov)

the occurrence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent. (nature.com)
Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which occurs with iron dependence. (nature.com)
Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, etc. (nature.com)
Is iron necessary to promote the production of lipid peroxides, or can other substances take the place of iron in ferroptosis? (nature.com)
What is the downstream regulation mechanism of iron in ferroptosis? (nature.com)
Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases and has become the focus and hotspot of research on the treatment and prognosis improvement of related diseases (Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)

DMT1 represents a large family of orthologous metal ion transporter proteins that are highly conserved from bacteria to humans. (wikipedia.org)

Erythropoietin, a member of class 1 cytokines, is a 30.4-kDa glycoprotein composed of 4 chains of carbohydrate and a protein chain composed of 193 amino acids that undergo a cleavage process, resulting in the production of mature erythropoietin (165 amino acids). (medscape.com)

IRP2 is homologous to IRP1 but undergoes iron-dependent degradation in iron-replete cells. (nih.gov)

We hypothesized that alterations in the IRP/IRE interaction could be the site at which iron mismanagement occurs in the Alzheimer's brains. (psu.edu)

In order to understand the relative importance of kinetics and stability, we now report rapid rates of protein/RNA complex assembly and dissociation for two IRE-RNAs with IRP1, and quantitatively different metal ion response kinetics that coincide with the different iron responses in vivo. (cuny.edu)
IRP1/IRE-RNA complex has a much shorter life-time than the eIF4F/IRE-RNA complex, which suggests that both rate of assembly and stability of the complexes are important, and that allows this regulatory system to respond rapidly to change in cellular iron. (cuny.edu)
In animals that lack IRP1, IRP 2 compensates for loss of IRP1's regulatory activity. (nih.gov)

Regular and sufficient intake of iron through diet is critical for efficient hemoglobin synthesis in the mammals. (mdpi.com)
Fe 2 O 3 particle-induced neutrophilic inflammatory response in vivo and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in vitro might be modulated by intracellular soluble iron via PGE 2 synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
How is protein synthesis regulated as the ribosomal subunits join? (lsu.edu)

Through our discovery of a motif common in iron sulfur proteins, we are pursuing the hypothesis that hundreds of mammalian proteins are iron sulfur proteins that are presently unrecognized as such because iron sulfur cofactors are readily degraded during purification and laboratory studies. (nih.gov)
Our knowledge has enabled us to develop a therapy for COVID 19, based on discovering that the SARs-CoV-2 replicase requires iron sulfur cofactors for function. (nih.gov)

We propose that elevated RNase activity is one mechanism by which the iron regulatory system becomes dysfunctional. (psu.edu)

Hepcidin, an iron regulatory protein, is produced by hepatocytes and macrophages in response to proinflammatory stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. (ox.ac.uk)

About 30% of the world suffers from iron related diseases. (alfaisal.edu)
Many human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Diabetes, Tuberculosis and Thalassemia are related to iron mis-regulation. (alfaisal.edu)
The long term goal of Dr. Khan's work is to develop better methods for therapeutic intervention in iron related diseases. (alfaisal.edu)
Beyond PD, in vivo MRI mapping of iron content among neurodegenerative tremulous diseases has also indicated a deposition of iron in the SNpc as compared to healthy controls [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, iron-sensitive MRI mapping could be a powerful tool to diagnose and differentiate neurodegenerative diseases at an early stage. (hindawi.com)
This has led his group to initiate a programme of study to develop novel formulations based around iron chelators and probiotics for the treatment of these devastating diseases. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Iron is an essential nutrient element required in cellular biosynthetic and metabolic processes [ 15 ]. (nature.com)
They play an important biological role by maintaining iron levels that are adequate for metabolic need, but below the toxicity threshold. (bvsalud.org)
In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease. (ox.ac.uk)

Each of the steps involved in the pathway is specific to either ferrous iron or ferric iron. (wikipedia.org)

A tetrameric form of α S has also been identified in human tissues that has been postulated as the inactive storage form of this structurally dynamic protein due to its aggregation resistance [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Iron accumulates in cells that lack plasma membrane ferroportin, which leads to lower amounts of circulating iron available for erythropoiesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Iron deposits are neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). (nature.com)
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α -synuclein ( α S) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated α S, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. (hindawi.com)
The pathogenesis of anaemia in cancer is multifactorial and includes classical features of the inflammatory anaemia of chronic disease, such as iron restriction within the reticuloendothelial system, an impaired biological activity of erythropoetin and a diminished proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, all of which are the reflection of a cancer driven activated immune system ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Most recently he has been studying how diet and in particular iron might be implicated in disease and how one might develop therapies based around iron chelation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Globally, protein-energy malnutrition was estimated to be the leading cause of disease in 2000, which occurred essentially in developing regions. (who.int)

To study the modulation of PM-induced inflammation by leached off metals, we investigated intracellular solubility of radio-labeled iron oxide ( 59 Fe 2 O 3 ) particles of 0.5 and 1.5 μm geometric mean diameter. (biomedcentral.com)
The suppressive effect of intracellular released soluble iron on particle-induced inflammation has implications on how ambient PM-associated but soluble metals influence pulmonary toxicity of ambient PM. (biomedcentral.com)

However, individuals with hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome do not have an excess of iron, and with repeated blood draws will develop reduced iron levels leading to a low number of red blood cells ( anemia ). (medlineplus.gov)
Raquel Ojeda López a , José María Portolés Pérez d , e , en representación del Grupo de Anemia de la S.E.N. (revistanefrologia.com)
La enfermedad renal crónica y la anemia son frecuentes en la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y su presencia se asocia con un peor pronóstico en estos pacientes. (revistanefrologia.com)
La ferropenia es frecuente en pacientes con IC y aumenta el riesgo de morbimortalidad, independientemente de la presencia o no de anemia. (revistanefrologia.com)
Mientras el tratamiento de la anemia con agentes estimuladores de la eritropoyesis en pacientes con IC no ha demostrado un beneficio sobre la morbimortalidad, el tratamiento con hierro intravenoso (iv) en pacientes con IC y fracción de eyección disminuida y déficit de hierro se asocia con una mejoría clínica. (revistanefrologia.com)
IRP2 −/− animals develop iron-insufficiency anemia and erythropoietic protoporphyria. (nih.gov)

We also collaborate with other groups for Mossbauer, electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), X-ray absorption and X-ray crystallography studies of proteins prepared in our laboratory. (uga.edu)
1 Taking vitamin C can assist the absorption of iron 8,9 so at the very least wash your iron tablets down with orange juice. (thyroiduk.org)
Some drinks can inhibit the absorption of iron such as tea, coffee, cocoa, milk and dairy so try not to have too much of these. (thyroiduk.org)
o Simpson RJ et al, 2009-Aug6, "Regulation of Intestinal Iron Absorption: The Mucosa Takes Control? (gotmag.org)

The reason for this is because it cannot distinguish the difference between the different metal ions due to low selectivity for iron ions. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, it causes the metal ions to compete for transportation and the concentration of iron ions is typically substantially lower than that of other ions. (wikipedia.org)
The DMT1 transporter protein does not have specificity over the ions it transports because it is unable to distinguish between Fe2+ and the other divalent metal ions it transfer through the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)

The study seeks to identify putative regulatory motifs in the upstream regions of 13 functional groups of genes expressed in the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Pf . (biomedcentral.com)
The identification of positionally conserved over-represented upstream motifs throws light on putative regulatory elements for transcription in Pf . (biomedcentral.com)

The IRE normally can attach (bind) to a protein called the iron regulatory protein (IRP). (medlineplus.gov)
In iron-depleted cells, the proteins bind to RNA stem-loops in transcripts known as iron-responsive elements (IRE). (nih.gov)

The process of iron transportation consists of iron being reduced by ferrireductases that are present on the cell surface or by dietary reductants such as ascorbate (Vitamin C). Once the Fe3+ has been reduced to Fe2+, the DMT1 transporter protein transports the Fe2+ ions into the cells that line the small intestine (enterocytes). (wikipedia.org)
Thus elements such as iron, sulfur and phosphorus, which are very difficult to detect and quantify using a single quadrupole instrument due to interference ions (eg. (ukri.org)

A new understanding of the structure and properties of a protein responsible for regulating iron as it binds its target RNA has yielded some surprises. (berkeley.edu)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or HSP32 is the inducible isoform of heme oxygenase which catalyzes the NADPH, O2 and cytochrome P450 reductase dependent oxidation of heme to carbon monoxide, iron and billiverdin that is immediately reduced to bilirubin. (ihcworld.com)
HO-1 or HSP32, a major heat shock/stress response protein is ubiquitous and its mRNA as well as its activity can be increased several-fold by heme, other metalloporphyrins, transition metals and stimuli that induce cellular stress. (ihcworld.com)
Animal-based liquid iron (heme) can blacken your teeth - this unfortunate side effect can be avoided by instead taking vegetable-based (non-heme) liquid iron. (thyroiduk.org)

Iron is part of hemoproteins, iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins, and other proteins with functional groups that require iron as a cofactor. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The lipid-soluble iron chelator desferri-exochelin (D-Exo) causes reversible cell cycle arrest in normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMEC) but triggers apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells. (oldcitypublishing.com)

Anatomy6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes13

Information Science3

Homeostasis18

IRPs7

Deficiency26

Uptake4

Ferritin13

Metabolism21

Enzymes3

IREs3

Mechanisms7

Cluster8

Oxidative stress3

Responsive element4

Pathways4

Translational1

Manganese6

Gene6

Retinol-binding2

Aconitase2

Accumulation3

Kinase1

Ferroptosis6

Humans1

Amino Acids1

Degradation1

Alterations1

IRP13

Synthesis3

Cofactors2

Mechanism1

Hepcidin2

Diseases6

Metabolic3

Pathway1

Aggregation1

Accumulates1

Disease6

Inflammation2

Anemia6

Absorption4

Metal ions3

Putative2

Bind2

Ions2

Binds1

Heme3

Functional groups1

Lipid1