• Iron deficiency anemia develops when body stores of iron drop too low to support normal red blood cell (RBC) production. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of iron deficiency anemia consists of correcting the underlying etiology and replenishing iron stores. (medscape.com)
  • In the past three decades, increased iron intake among infants has resulted in a decline in childhood iron-deficiency anemia in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among children declined during the 1970s in association with increased iron intake during infancy (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • CDC requested the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop recommendations for preventing, detecting, and treating iron-deficiency anemia among U.S. children and U.S. women of childbearing age. (cdc.gov)
  • The finding of a low serum iron and a high TIBC indicates iron deficiency anemia. (magistras.eu)
  • The specific objective of this component is to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia using iron and TIBC (transferrin saturation) in conjunction with ferritin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin. (cdc.gov)
  • Iron deficiency anemia, the most common form of anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Low iron stores progress to iron deficiency anemia when the body's iron stores become exhausted and concentrations of hemoglobin in red blood cells start to decline. (greatist.com)
  • Magnetite due to its biocompatibility and low toxicity has already been approved by FDA as an MRI contrast agent (Feridex, Combidex) and for treatment of iron deficiency (anemia) in people with chronic kidney failure (Ferumoxytol, Feraheme). (nature.com)
  • Although the history and physical examination can lead to the recognition of the condition and help establish the etiology, iron deficiency anemia is primarily a laboratory diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Other laboratory tests (eg, stool testing, incubated osmotic fragility testing, measurement of lead in tissue, and bone marrow aspiration) are useful for establishing the etiology of iron deficiency anemia and for excluding or establishing a diagnosis of 1 of the other microcytic anemias. (medscape.com)
  • In chronic iron deficiency anemia, the cellular indices show a microcytic and hypochromic erythropoiesis-that is, both the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) have values below the normal range for the laboratory performing the test. (medscape.com)
  • Examination of the erythrocytes shows microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells in chronic iron deficiency anemia. (medscape.com)
  • In iron deficiency anemia, unlike thalassemia, target cells usually are not present, and anisocytosis and poikilocytosis are not marked. (medscape.com)
  • These test findings are useful in distinguishing iron deficiency anemia from other microcytic anemias (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Iron deficiency anemia can occur from loss of body iron in the urine. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome may experience esophageal webs, dysphagia, and iron deficiency anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Although rare, splenomegaly in individuals with iron deficiency anemia likely results from other causes. (medscape.com)
  • The classic combination of these laboratory findings is observed only in severe and uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia that presents in patients without infection or malignancy who are not receiving blood transfusions or iron therapy. (medscape.com)
  • If patients with iron deficiency anemia receive iron medication before blood is drawn, normal or high concentrations are typically noted. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance of seed iron and zinc concentrations and contents in an intra-genepool Mesoamerican × Mesoamerican recombinant inbred line population grown over three sites in Colombia and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for each mineral. (edu.au)
  • The discovery of an important new locus for seed iron and zinc concentrations may facilitate crop improvement and biofortification using the high-mineral genotype especially within the Mesoamerican genepool. (edu.au)
  • Direct reduction, in which iron ores are reduced at temperatures below the metal's melting point, had its origin in such experiments as the WibergSoderfors process introduced in Iron ore Wikipedia,Metallic iron is virtually unknown on the surface of the Earth except as ironnickel alloys from meteorites and very rare forms of deep mantle xenoliths. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • Direct reduction, in which iron ores are reduced at temperatures below the metal's melting point, had its origin in such experiments as the WibergSoderfors process introduced in Sweden in 1952 and the HyL process introduced in Mexico in 1957. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • concentration by taking advantage of Iron ore Wikipedia,Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • Methods of concentration of Ores Gravity Separation. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • The different methods used for the concentration of ores are the froth floatation method, gravity separation, leaching method and electromagnetic separation. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • Methods of Concentration of Ores Without ore enrichment, the metals present cannot be used as their chemical and physical properties will differ from the pure form.Iron Ore Concentration Multotec,Iron ore concentration is a mineralspecific concentration process within the mineral processing industry. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • Iron processing Iron processing Ores: Iron ores occur in igneous, metamorphic (transformed), or sedimentary rocks in a variety of geologic environments. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • 2. There were confirmed results of preliminary trails on possibility of using air separation for concentration of iron ores. (liczarkidobanknotow.pl)
  • 2018-5-1 The aim of this paper is to propose a novel method for modelling the concentration of elements in low grade ores. (liczarkidobanknotow.pl)
  • Abstract: With gradually diminishing Fe grade in tandem with the ever-increasing demand for high-grade iron ores, iron ore industries are now focusing on the beneficiation of low-grade iron ore fines, mainly considered waste. (shortjana.cz)
  • CHEMetrics' colorimetric method for determining total iron uses thioglycolic acid to dissolve particulate iron and to reduce iron from the ferric to the ferrous state. (magistras.eu)
  • Dynamic modeling predicted that ˙OH production occurs in a burst, regulated mainly by ammonium and ferric iron concentrations. (lu.se)
  • Including a salmon fish protein supplement in the daily diet for 8 weeks, increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations. (springer.com)
  • found that serum hepcidin was positively correlated with IL-6 and negatively correlated with hemoglobin in anemia of chronic disease (ACD) 11 .This suggested that iron stored in these inflammatory cells is an important source of hematopoiesis in CD patients with ACD. (nature.com)
  • As a consequence, the use of screening tests for anemia has become a less efficient means of detecting iron deficiency in some populations. (cdc.gov)
  • These recommendations update the 1989 'CDC Criteria for Anemia in Children and Childbearing-Aged Women' (MMWR 1989;38(22):400-4) and are the first comprehensive CDC recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC emphasizes sound iron nutrition for infants and young children, screening for anemia among women of childbearing age, and the importance of low-dose iron supplementation for pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of this decline, the value of anemia as a predictor of iron deficiency has also declined, thus decreasing the effectiveness of routine anemia screening among children. (cdc.gov)
  • Only a small proportion of anemia in North East Thai school children is associated with iron deficiency. (who.int)
  • For practical purposes, anemia is considered when one or more of the following are decreased: hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or RBC count. (medscape.com)
  • SALT LAKE CITY - University of Utah School of Medicine researchers have developed a new tool that facilitates diagnosis of anemia related to chronic illness, as well as diseases of iron overload. (eurekalert.org)
  • An excess of hepcidin in the blood can result in anemia and a deficiency of hepcidin causes a build-up of iron that is damaging to body organs. (eurekalert.org)
  • Since both anemia and iron overload have various causes, it is often difficult to distinguish among those causes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Anemia is a deficiency of the oxygen-carrying molecules inside red blood cells which can be caused by iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or chronic illnesses. (eurekalert.org)
  • While a low serum ferritin is virtually diagnostic of iron deficiency, a normal serum ferritin can be seen in patients who are deficient in iron and have coexistent diseases (eg, hepatitis or anemia of chronic disorders). (medscape.com)
  • Serum ferritin and stainable iron in tissue stores are the most sensitive laboratory indicators of mild iron deficiency and are particularly useful in differentiating iron deficiency from the anemia of chronic disorders. (medscape.com)
  • In children, iron deficiency causes developmental delays and behavioral disturbances, and in pregnant women, it increases the risk for a preterm delivery and delivering a low-birthweight baby. (cdc.gov)
  • Iron found in surface waters in small concentrations (ppm = mg L -1 ) is considered as a nutrient, but above these concentrations it increases the eutrophication phenomenon by algal mass development, generating unpleasant odours and taste changing in drinking waters. (upt.ro)
  • Preventing and controlling iron deficiency are also addressed in Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans (14). (cdc.gov)
  • Supplementation with ferrous sulphate was not sufficiently effective in controlling iron deficiency in infants. (bvsalud.org)
  • concentration of iron ore with magnetic separation_Synthesis, properties, and appliions of Hematite is the oldest known of the iron oxides and is widespread in. (lacucinadicarla.it)
  • and oxides of iron and aluminum. (cdc.gov)
  • The body recycles iron: When red blood cells die, the iron in them is returned to the bone marrow to be used again in new red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) , which also measures hemoglobin in red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For iron ore this involves crushing the ore and then concentrating it in different ways, for example by milling, flotation or magnetic separation. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • The Elmores had formed a company known as the Ore Concentration Syndie Ltd, For froth flotation, the ground ore is mixed with water, Separation of the. (lacucinadicarla.it)
  • Mineral processing Mineral processing Concentration: Concentration involves the separation of valuable minerals from the other raw materials received from the grinding mill. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • Lowergrade sources of iron ore generally require beneficiation, using techniques like crushing, milling, gravity or heavy media separation, screening, and silica froth flotation to improve the concentration of the ore and remove impurities. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • 2) Pre-separation of weakly magnetic iron ore. (liczarkidobanknotow.pl)
  • Iron ore processors may also employ magnetic separation for beneficiation of classifier output streams. (shortjana.cz)
  • Beneficiation of Iron Ore and the treatment of magnetic iron taconites, stage grinding and wet magnetic separation is standard practice. (shortjana.cz)
  • The 11 samples, peridotites and chromitites that consisted of variable amounts of chromite or chromium-bearing spinels, olivine, and serpentine, were beneficiated by grinding and sizing, gravity concentration, and electrodynamic separation. (cdc.gov)
  • The relationship between serum ferritin concentration and the amount of storage iron has been studied in normal subjects. (bmj.com)
  • A high degree of correlation was demonstrated between serum ferritin concentration and storage iron measured by quantitative phlebotomy. (bmj.com)
  • The possible advantages of assessing iron stores by using the serum ferritin concentration are discussed. (bmj.com)
  • Iron in excess of these requirements is deposited in body stores as ferritin or hemosiderin. (medscape.com)
  • This testing may be appropriate in practices where women consistently visit their physician throughout pregnancy, but it is less feasible when analysis of serum ferritin concentration is unavailable or when prenatal care visits are sporadic. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum ferritin: the concentration of ferritin (storage iron) in the serum is proportional to total iron stores. (magistras.eu)
  • Improvements in survival have been achieved over the last 40 years due to iron chelation therapy and iron assessment by serum ferritin, and liver/cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques ( 3 3. (scielo.br)
  • Haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, total iron binding capacity and serum ferritin were determined. (who.int)
  • Babies of iron-deficient anaemic mothers had significantly lower levels of serum ferritin (115.3 ng/mL) than non- anaemic, non-iron-deficient mothers (204.8 ng/mL) but not compared with the non-anaemic iron-deficient group. (who.int)
  • The serum ferritin concentration decreases. (medscape.com)
  • Types of Iron Ore - Haematite, Magnetite, Limonite & Siderite. (kennu.eu)
  • Magnetite is the most strongly magnetic of all minerals, and it is therefore natural that the earliest application of magnetism to ore dressing was for its concentration from Iron Ore Concentration Multotec,Iron ore concentration is a mineralspecific concentration process within the mineral processing industry. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • Using magnetic fly ash as iron ore is an attractive possiblity since the iron ore market, unlike the others that have had to be entered, is capable of absorbing an ashbased product with minimalMagnetite Concentration Methods Metallurgist,26· The plant is arranged to retreat this concentrate and produce a magnetite carrying in excess of 71 per cent. (ridds-academy.nl)
  • Factors leading to iron deficiency include bleeding, reduced iron absorption and immune regulation. (nature.com)
  • Overload of iron content in enterocytes reduces the expression of duodenal cytochrome B (DcytB) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMTI) on the brush border membrane, inhibiting dietary iron absorption 9 . (nature.com)
  • They showed that the level of serum iron and the total iron binding capacity were decreased in active CD patients due to impaired oral iron absorption 8 . (nature.com)
  • Inadequate dietary iron, impaired iron absorption, bleeding, or loss of body iron in the urine may be the cause. (medscape.com)
  • This can help boost iron absorption while adding a citrusy kick to your recipes. (greatist.com)
  • Hepcidin, an endogenous antimicrobial peptide secreted by the liver, has been identified as controlling the level of plasma iron by regulating the intestinal absorption of dietary iron, as well as the release of iron from macrophages and the transfer of iron stored in the hepatocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Provide glucose to fuel the brain, and the fiber they contain slows the absorption of glucose, helping to maintain stable levels of energy and support alertness and concentration overtime. (yahoo.com)
  • Iron balance in the body is regulated by the interaction between a liver-produced hormone called hepcidin and the iron transporting receptor ferroportin. (eurekalert.org)
  • Noninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Decreases in serum iron and TIBC were associated with the clinical activity of CD. (nature.com)
  • In chemically reducing conditions, both iron and manganese are mobilized from the waste and the cover soils, resulting in elevated concentrations in leachate. (bowser-morner.com)
  • This study investigates the effectiveness of gravity and magnetic concentration techniques for the beneficiation of a Sudanese iron ore, the newly discovered Wadi Halfa iron ore deposit. (shortjana.cz)
  • jigging method of gravity concentration iron ore mining. (brutdepierres.fr)
  • its sweet, ether- like odor does not provide sufficient warning of hazardous concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Odor is not a reliable indicator of ethylene oxide's presence and does not provide adequate warning of hazardous concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Underweight, decreased serum iron and TIBC were independent risk factors for moderate clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Combined detection of decreased serum iron and TIBC was helpful in differentiating severe patients. (nature.com)
  • Total iron binding capacity (TIBC): indirect measurement of serum transferrin. (magistras.eu)
  • Unlike the serum iron level, the TIBC is remarkably constant. (magistras.eu)
  • TIBC was calculated indirectly using the unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) method. (cdc.gov)
  • The TIBC is the sum of iron and UIBC. (cdc.gov)
  • The iron variable name is LBXIRN, the TIBC variable name is LBXTIB, and the variable name for transferrin saturation is LBDPCT. (cdc.gov)
  • The circulating transferrin is indirectly measured by the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). (medscape.com)
  • Health care centres recommend regular iron was measured using a spectrophotom- iron supplementation during pregnancy, but eter (Spectronic 20D, Milton Roy, Ostend, this advice is often ignored. (who.int)
  • Iron deficiency in Cambodia: the need for iron supplementation among preschool-aged children. (who.int)
  • Thus, in 2005 the Ministry of Health established the National Program of Iron Supplementation (PNSF) available for the universe of children of 6-24 months old attended in Basic Health Units. (bvsalud.org)
  • Taking into account the fact that children up to 2 years old benefit very little from iron-fortified diets and infants great vulnerability to martial deficiency, in May 2005, based on chinese intervention studies 2 ,the Ministry of Health instituted the National Program of Iron Supplementation for children from 6 to 24 months oldconsisting of a weekly supplementation with ferrous sulphate 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In support of the drug supplementation with prophylactic doses of iron, there was the idea established for decades, that the supplementation is the fastest and the most inexpensive and effective way to control specific nutritional deficiencies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The weekly prophylactic supplementation with ferrous sulphate that had showed excellent results among children with anaemia in China 2 proved to be effective when it was used in the eradication program of iron deficiency anaemia in the district of São Paulo 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Preceding the introduction of the National Program of Iron Supplementation throughout Brazil in May 2005, In 1998, the São Paulo model was adopted as a strategy by the "Project to control the iron deficiency anaemia in infants under 2 years old" in 512 Northeastern districts included in the Program of Child Mortality Reduction 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The studied mixture of iron ore tailings composed of 60 flotation tailings and 40% magnetic concentration tailings did not present mechanical behavior compatible for use in flexible pavement base layers and geotechnical embankments, even with CBR values above the minimum threshold recommended. (lacucinadicarla.it)
  • In order to boost how much nonheme iron you can absorb from plant sources, try adding sources of vitamin C, like lemon juice or orange juice. (greatist.com)
  • During the intervention period, geometric mean (GSD) of serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased from 304 (1.40) to 359 (1.42) pmol/L in the fish protein group ( P vs. controls = 0.004) and mean (SD) serum selenium increased from 1.18 (0.22) to 1.30 (0.20) μmol/L ( P vs. controls = 0.002). (springer.com)
  • Nonheme iron is absorbed better when it is consumed with animal protein and with vitamin C. (msdmanuals.com)
  • SBM can offer types of iron ore processing equipment: crusher for crushing plant and mining process, grinding mill for concentration, refining plant. (unisbm.com)
  • Used Iron Ore Ball Mill - crusher machine for sale. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • We recommend that you begin by screening the iron ore to separate fine particles below the crusher''s CSS before the crushing stage. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • Iron Ore Beneficiation Plant Supplier In China Stone Crusher Machine. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • Processing of taconite consists of crushing and grinding the ore to liberate ironbearing particles, concentrating the ore by separating the particles from the waste material (gangue), and pelletizing the iron ore concentrate. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • Three high-chromium chromite concentrates, two high- iron chromite concentrates, and one high-aluminum chromite concentrate were produced. (cdc.gov)
  • The following describes about the iron ore mining and processing plant by SBM. (unisbm.com)
  • SBM has built the iron ore processing plant in Ethiopia, China, and India. (unisbm.com)
  • Iron and zinc deficiencies are human health problems found throughout the world and biofortification is a plant breeding-based strategy to improve the staple crops that could address these dietary constraints. (edu.au)
  • Iron Ore Concentration Process Plant is the birth of a new mineral processing equipment signs, often brings beneficiation process of change. (kennu.eu)
  • India owner visits Haiwang plant to investigate after inquiring China concentration plant. (kennu.eu)
  • 6-11-2013 · iron ore concentration processing plant in Zambia http://grindingmillprice.com XSM is a professional ore crushing machine manufacturer. (kennu.eu)
  • landed cost calculator, customs data for iron ore concentration machine equipment plant in ETCN. (kennu.eu)
  • A typical flow sheet for iron ore beneficiation plant is shown in Fig 1. (kennu.eu)
  • Copper ore concentration plant supplier, copper ore processing plant. (clairiereenchantee.be)
  • These findings, plus increased knowledge about screening for iron status, raised questions about the necessity and effectiveness of existing U.S. programs to prevent and control iron deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • iron deficiency occurs in endemic proportion among children and is one of the causal factors of inappropriate cognitive, social, motor and reduced learning ability, putting infants as a priority group for nutritional intervention programs aiming to control iron deficiency. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Samarco Mineração, located between the cities of Mariana and Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil, has been studyingud alternatives and/or moreefficient equipmentsfor their unit operations ofIron Ore Concentration Plants- such as theud flotation pneumatic cells. (arsdentana.pl)
  • Most adults need 8 to 18 milligrams (mg) of iron per day, while pregnant peeps need 27 mg every day. (greatist.com)
  • This amount is usually replaced by the 1 to 2 milligrams of iron absorbed from food each day. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pseudomonas presence was influenced by water source, factors, such as surface materials, concentration and qual- hardness, free chlorine, and temperature. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this work was to develop a series of mathematical models in order to describe the relation between waters pH, turbidity, hardness, electrical conductivity and concentrations of iron presents in surface waters. (upt.ro)
  • Iron-deficiency anaemia is a common chloride and distilled water. (who.int)
  • Experiments were carried out under a simulative DWDS (including iron (DI) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe). (mdpi.com)
  • Currently there are three iron chelating agents available for continuous use in patients with thalassemia on regular transfusions (desferrioxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox) providing good results in reducing cardiac, hepatic and endocrine toxicity. (scielo.br)
  • The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a fish protein supplement made from by-products from production of Atlantic salmon, on blood concentration of micronutrients. (springer.com)
  • In the present secondary analysis, the main aim was to examine the effect on blood concentration of micronutrients related to fish intake or abundant in fish by-products. (springer.com)
  • In the absence of DC-derived hepcidin, iron can be released from macrophages and neutrophils to the lumen through ferroportin 10 . (nature.com)
  • Key Points Iron status, erythropoietic drive, inflammation, and malaria season combine to control dynamic fluctuations of hepcidin in African children. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At the end of the malaria season, hepcidin is low and ID is more prevalent, so iron therapy may be beneficial at this time. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Hepcidin binds to ferroportin resulting in decreased export of iron out of cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • By placing a synthetic version of that binding site on agarose beads, the researchers developed a rapid, sensitive test, called the HBD assay, for measuring the concentration of active hepcidin in the blood. (eurekalert.org)
  • This assay can readily detect variations in hepcidin levels in the blood due to mutations in genes that are known to affect hepcidin levels, as well as mutations in other genes involved in iron metabolism. (eurekalert.org)
  • It can also measure hepcidin concentration in response to inflammation. (eurekalert.org)
  • This novel test would allow doctors to distinguish anemias and diseases of iron metabolism that arise from abnormalities in hepcidin from those that have other causes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Human hepcidin has both iron- and bacteria-related activities, while fish hepcidin genes evolved to separate these functions. (eurekalert.org)
  • The later time data for Site B appears to level off, or even slightly increase for iron, but the concentrations remain significantly lower than the early time data. (bowser-morner.com)
  • ABSTRACT We investigated the relation between maternal anaemia and neonatal iron status in 97 mothers and their babies. (who.int)
  • In fact, chronic iron deficiency - a condition when your bod doesn't have enough iron - is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world. (greatist.com)
  • INT RODUCTIO N: Th e eld erly h ypert en si ve pa ti ent s of ten h aveincreased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and their attendantco-morbidities. (bvsalud.org)
  • There was no significant difference in the mean value of serum iron or total iron binding capacity among the neonates of the 3 groups. (who.int)
  • Combined folate deficiency and iron deficiency are commonplace in areas of the world with little fresh produce and meat. (medscape.com)
  • what is the process of iron ore Concentration includes all the processes that will increase (upgrade) the iron content of an ore by removing impurities. (brutdepierres.fr)
  • Other QTL for mineral concentration or content were found on linkage groups b02, b03, b04, b07, b08 and b11 and together with the b06 cluster were mostly novel compared to loci found in previous studies of the Andean genepool or inter-genepool crosses. (edu.au)
  • Against the research hypothesis there was no correlation between the air-Mn concentration and the B-Mn (serum) level of manganese in the serum of the exposed subjects. (lodz.pl)
  • The hypothesis was that hydrogen peroxide will be broken down by catalase into hydrogen and oxygen, where a higher concentration of inhibitor will yield less oxygen, resultant of a lower rate of reaction. (educationindex.com)
  • FANCJ belongs to a conserved iron-sulfur (Fe S) cluster family of helicases important for genomic stability including XPD (nucleotide excision repair), DDX11 (sister chromatid cohesion), and RTEL (telomere metabolism), genetically linked to xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne syndrome, Warsaw breakage syndrome, and dyskeratosis congenita, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Pyrite sulfur isotopes (δ 34 S pyr ), iron speciation and trace metal concentrations (V, U, and Mo) all indicate pervasive locally reducing conditions, and thallium (ε 205 Tl) isotopic compositions indicate significant changes in global Mn-oxide burial. (lu.se)