Iran 3 cutaneous leishmaniasis. Medical search. Frequent questions

There are 3 types of leishmaniasis: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous, and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent. (who.int)
Other forms of the disease, which occur more rarely in humans, include visceral leishmaniasis, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (a variant of visceral leishmaniasis), viscerotropic leishmaniasis, and leishmaniasis recidivans (a variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis). (wikipedia.org)
Only 19 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 12 cases of visceral disease were diagnosed in this group. (aafp.org)
Some species cause visceral leishmaniasis, some cause cutaneous disease, and some cause both. (aafp.org)
Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infection characterized by fever, weight loss, and hepatosplenomegaly, and it is usually fatal without treatment. (aafp.org)
Clinical considerations on canine visceral leishmaniasis in Greece: a retrospective study of 158 cases (1989-1996). (ac.ir)
Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel. (ac.ir)
Epide-miological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (ac.ir)
Identi-fication and phylogenetic relationship of Iranian strains of various Leishmania species isolated from cutaneous and visceral cases of leishmaniasis based on N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene. (ac.ir)
Clinical forms of canine visceral leishmaniasis in naturally Leishmania infantum-infected dogs and related myelogram and hemogram changes. (ac.ir)
It is burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 1-1.5 million cutaneous leishmaniasis per year (Desjeux, 2004). (scialert.net)
Pakistan has a burden of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the mucocutaneous form being almost nonexistent. (escholarship.org)
They were reported from Morocco and Iran and involved infection of visceral organs. (huji.ac.il)
The common forms of the disease in the old-world are cutaneous leishmaniasis (CutL), visceral leishmaniasis (VisL)[ 3 ] and post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
5. Quinnell RJ, Courtenay O. Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)
A third generation vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis: First-in-human trial of ChAd63-KH. (ac.ir)
Temporal analysis of visceral leishmaniasis between 2000 and 2019 in Ardabil Province, Iran: A time-series study using ARIMA model. (cdc.gov)
Ali N, Afrin F. Protection of mice against visceral Leishmaniasis by immunization with Promastigote antigen incorporated in Liposomes. (setpublisher.com)
Hailu A, Mudawi Musa A, Royce C, Wasunna M (2005) Visceral Leishmaniasis: New Health Tools Are Needed. (plos.org)
The authors are all members of the Leishmaniasis East Africa Platform and are currently engaged in the clinical development of paromomycin for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. (plos.org)
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), commonly known as kala-azar, from the Hindu vernacular, is a human systemic disease caused by parasitic protozoan species of the genus Leishmania . (plos.org)
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasitic infection that, depending on the infecting species of Leishmania , can manifest in different forms, including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis [ 1 ]. (e-epih.org)
Brazil has almost all of the cases of blinding trachoma, leprosy, and schistosomiasis in the Americas, as well as most of the visceral leishmaniasis, hookworm, and dengue, and one-half of the ascariasis cases [6] . (plos.org)

Samples were taken for identification of the dominant Leishmania species from individuals with cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the laboratories and had not travelled to other endemic regions. (who.int)
Leishmaniasis encompasses a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania parasites. (who.int)
Leishmania tropica is a flagellate parasite and the cause of anthroponotic[dubious - discuss] cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Cutaneous involvement in canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum , is the most frequent clinical manifestation of the zoonotic infectious disease. (ac.ir)
The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was performed based on the presence of a large number of Leishmania amastigotes in skin Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). (ac.ir)
12. Ajdary S, Riazi-Rad F, Alimohammadian MH, Pakzad SR. Immune response to Leishmania antigen in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite (genus Leishmania ) transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sandfly. (medscape.com)
Dogs living in areas of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis transmission may present canine tegumentary leishmaniasis (CTL) characterized by cutaneous or muzzle ulcers as well as asymptomatic L. braziliensis infection. (bvsalud.org)
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoa of genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sand fly ( Figure 1 ). (intechopen.com)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease produced by Leishmania parasite and is transmitted by sandfly. (ijmrhs.com)
Leishmania major with 91% of cases was the most common species of the cutaneous leishmaniasis. (ijmrhs.com)
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by different species of Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies. (scialert.net)
Given the importance of MDR1 gene mutations in the drug resistance of leishmania and the lack of similar study, in the present experiment, we evaluated the capacity of HRM assay for detection of MDR1 gene mutation in genomic DNA of tissue specimens of patients with skin leishmaniasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: Leishmania tropica is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmanaisis in the Middle East, North Africa and parts of southeastern Europe. (huji.ac.il)
This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of a German-Israeli-Palestinian cooperative project on the Emergence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Middle East: 'An investigation of Leishmania tropica in the Palestinian Authority and Israel' (SCHO 448/8-1). (huji.ac.il)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the most widespread form of leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania tropica and L. major ( 1 , 2 ), has emerged as an endemic disease in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan ( 2 - 5 ), owing to frequent movement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Waziristan in response to surgical strikes and military operations against terrorists by Pakistani armed forces. (blogspot.com)
A study was carried out in different parts of Sri Lanka including cutaneous leishmaniasis prevailing localities to characterise the sibling species of Phlebotomus ( Euphlebotomus ) argentipes sensu lato and to establish their possible role in Leishmania transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan Leishmania parasites that are transmitted through female sandfly bites. (ac.ir)
3. Mohebali M, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Hajjaran H, Abaei MR. Characterization of Leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the islamic republic of Iran. (ac.ir)
Arguably, the most diverse group within the family is the species-rich subfamily Leishmaniinae, which unites dixenous Leishmania s . l . and their closest monoxenous relatives of the genera Borovskyia , Crithidia , Leptomonas , Lotmaria , Novymonas , and Zelonia [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

9. Salotra P, Singh R. Challenges in the diagnosis of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)

ABSTRACT A study was made in rural regions around Neiriz city, Fars province in the south of the Islamic Republic of Iran during 2002-03 to further investigate a new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. (who.int)
This confirms M. libycus as the main reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern parts of the country. (who.int)
Rodents were identified according to the Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is national systematic key [ 14 ]. (who.int)
This study was performed to assess the efficacy of permethrin-impregnated cloth (0.125 mg permethrin [AI] cm -2 ) against natural population of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), which is the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, under field condition. (scialert.net)
Therefore, in this study, permethrin-treated military uniforms were evaluated against Phlebotomus papatasi (main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran). (scialert.net)
The disease is transmitted from human to human, but rural or zoonotic leishmaniasis comes from the interaction of man with animals. (escholarship.org)
Spatial modeling of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis with regard to potential environmental factors using ANFIS and PCA-ANFIS methods. (cdc.gov)

The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis ranges from a self-resolving cutaneous ulcer to a mutilating mucocutaneous disease and even to a lethal systemic illness. (medscape.com)
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis consists of the relentless destruction of the oropharynx and nose, resulting in extensive midfacial destruction. (medscape.com)
A one year old male Pekingese dog from Maale Adumim, a focus of L. tropica human cutaneous leishmaniasis near Jerusalem, was presented by its owner with a large proliferative red mucocutaneous lesion on the lip between the mouth and nose. (huji.ac.il)

The lesions tend to heal spontaneously after 3-18 illness rates occurred during this time, in 1967-1969 and in months ( 5 ) but often result in disfiguring scars ( 6,7 ). (cdc.gov)
Lesions of leishmaniasis recidivans stay many years and rarely respond to treatment, thus causing disfigurement and becoming destructive with the years. (wikipedia.org)
A 4-month-old female Shih Tzu-terrier dog with significant weight loss and depression and chronic erosive skin lesions around eyes and the area above the nose was presented to the Semnan University Veterinary Hospital teaching, Semnan, Iran. (ac.ir)
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (21 cases with healed lesions and 23 cases with chronic non-healing lesions. (ac.ir)
15. Ajdary S, Alimohammadian MH, Eslami MB, Kemp K, Kharazmi A. Comparison of the immune profile of nonhealing cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients with those with active lesions and those who have recovered from infection. (ac.ir)
A biopsy of one of the lesions was performed, where the histopathological examination revealed an atrophic epiderm with orthokeratotic horny layer, mild perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in the superficial dermis, pigmentary incontinence in dermis with discrete civatte bodies and focal lichenoid degeneration of basal layer (figure 3). (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Some author suggested that appearance of lesions along the lines of blaschko indicate the migration of T lymphocytes during the embryogenesis period, But some others decline this communication [2, 3]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Via an open-label noncontrolled case series, allopurinol (10 mg/kg/day) plus itraconazole (3-4 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 1 month to 27 patients (56 lesions) with anthroponotic CL, most of whom were resistant to Glucantime. (bvsalud.org)
This randomized control study included 32 dogs with cutaneous or muzzle lesions who had L. braziliensis DNA detected by PCR in tissue biopsied. (bvsalud.org)
Lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis may occur anywhere on the body but the most likely sites are the exposed parts. (escholarship.org)
Cutaneous lesions are usually single and often self-healing, but a presentation with multiple ulcers resulting from multiple bites from the sandfly is not rare in Pakistan. (escholarship.org)
The disease has a very long history and lesions like leishmaniasis have been described dating back to the ninth century (Balkan sore). (escholarship.org)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is most common form of leishmaniasis and is characterized by ulcerative skin lesions. (e-epih.org)
The Frequency of Oral Lichenoid Lesions Reported in the Pathology Department of School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, during the Years 1989-20. (uitm.edu.my)

Serum IL-4 level is a good marker for evaluation of the clinical course of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)

The aim of present study is to determine the efficacy of oral dapsone in comparison with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and thus find out an effective second line treatment agent. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Although Meguimine antimoniate seems to be a more effective therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis, this study revealed no significant difference in clinical response between combination of imiquimod and cryotherapy with intralesional MA in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of L. tropica. (iranjd.ir)

This rare variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused solely by L. tropica in the Old World and by L. braziliensis in the New World. (wikipedia.org)

Th1/Th2 immune responses are associated with active cutaneous Leishmaniasis and clinical cure is associated with strong interferon-gamma production. (ac.ir)
Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic and clinical status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children. (ijmrhs.com)
The cutaneous variety can present in various unusual clinical variants that can be difficult to diagnose, such as paronychial, chancriform, annular, palmoplantar, zosteriform and erysipeloid forms [ 9 , 15 ]. (escholarship.org)
The primary end point was clinical cure, defined as complete re-epitelialization of 100%, complete flattening of induration compared with baseline at weeks 2, 6, 12 and follow up were done 1, 2 and 3 months after complete cure. (iranjd.ir)
Leishmaniasis: clinical syndromes and treatment. (ac.ir)
This originates the clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis. (plos.org)

for L. tropica tors affecting the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis infections. (cdc.gov)
L. tropica causes a broad spectrum of leishmaniasis forms in humans. (wikipedia.org)

Later, depending partly on the immunity of the host, the infection can become symptomatic and result in leishmaniasis. (wikipedia.org)
The highest leishmaniasis infection (41%) was recorded in 21-30 years' age group. (setpublisher.com)
Shoaib S, Tauheed S, Hafeez A. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an emerging childhood infection. (setpublisher.com)
Parasitic infection status of different native species of Columbidae family in southwest of Iran. (ac.ir)
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Isfahan province, center of Iran. (ac.ir)
Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Serologic Assay in Iran. (ac.ir)
Background: It appears that chronic lupoid leishmaniasis is the result of type 2 predominant T helper response to parasite and a defect in the down regulation of IL-4 production during infection. (virascience.com)

3 Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
9. Maurer M, Dandji B, Von Stebut E. What determines the Success or failure of intracellular cutaneous parasites? (ac.ir)

50%). Sibling species A is incriminated as a vector for leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of antifungal drugs against Candida species isolated from VVC in Northeastern Iran. (ac.ir)

We aimed to compare personality traits among the patients with genital warts and healthy people.Methods: Seventy participants (35 patients with genital wart and 35 healthy people) were chosen among the clients of the dermatology clinic of Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in year 2018. (ac.ir)
2018;9(3):93-94. (ophrp.org)
2018;9(3):95-100. (ophrp.org)
2018;9(3):101-104. (ophrp.org)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World, particularly the Middle East and North Africa. (aafp.org)
Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in slaughtered sheeps in Isfahan province, southwest of Iran, Journal of Parasitic Disease (2015), 29, 518-521. (ac.ir)

The aim of this study was to investigating the epidemiology of Cutaneous leishmaniasis and different aspects of treatment in children with 10 years of age and under in Isfahan Province. (ijmrhs.com)
2014 . Leishmaniasis in the middle east: incidence and epidemiology . (ajtmh.org)

sions and, when it results in leishmaniasis recidivans, has a Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the most common form of lower tendency to heal spontaneously ( 11,12 ). (cdc.gov)

Although the incidence of leishmaniasis is greater in the Old World than in the New World, the U.S. traveler is most likely to contract this disease in Latin America. (aafp.org)
In World War II, there was a high incidence of leishmaniasis and sandfly fever in troops deployed to the Persian Gulf region. (aafp.org)
Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. (ac.ir)
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a main public health problem in Iran with a high incidence rate among children. (ac.ir)

A recent meta-analysis estimated that the pooled prevalence of CL in the country was 45% (3), indicating that the disease requires attention. (who.int)
During 2013-2015, prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in war-affected Waziristan areas was 3.61% by PCR. (blogspot.com)
Durrani AZ, Durrani HZ, Kamal N, Mehmood N. Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Humans and Dogs in Pakistan. (setpublisher.com)

To establish a laboratory network for the improvement of diagnosis and surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran using parasitological and molecular methods. (who.int)
This descriptive, cross-sectional, pilot study examined 49 laboratories in the 2 endemic areas for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Physicians in the United States must be alert to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in travelers returning from endemic areas. (aafp.org)
This chapter reviews the global perspective of Leishmaniasis with increasing recognition of emerging "Atypical forms" and new surge of disease across the world mainly due to increasing conflicts in endemic areas leading to forced migration among other causes. (intechopen.com)
Bhutto AM, Soomro RF, Nonaka S, Hashiguchi Y. Detection of new Endemic areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan. (setpublisher.com)

Currently, pentavalent antimony compounds, including glucantime and sodium stibogluconate (SSG), are used to treat leishmaniasis and through various direct and indirect mechanisms may eliminate this parasite. (biomedcentral.com)

In this experimental study, genomic DNA was extracted from 130 patients with skin leishmaniasis. (biomedcentral.com)
OBJECTIVE(S) One of the different types of skin leishmaniasis is the Chronic Lupoid Leishmaniasis (CLL), which is caused by abnormal immune response. (virascience.com)

2. Epidemiologic status of Leishmaniasis in Iran, Resistance and Health, Prevention and control of Disease. (ac.ir)

MHOM/IR/10/175) were obtained from Dermatology Department of Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran. (biomedcentral.com)

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne tropical/subtropical disease caused by an intracellular parasite transmitted to humans by sand fly bite. (intechopen.com)

More than 90% of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil and Peru (Alvar et al . (scialert.net)

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3143 child cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan province during the March 2011 to March 2016. (ijmrhs.com)

Leishmaniasis is transmitted by an infected female sandfly. (escholarship.org)
Leishmaniasis is caused by a parasite transmitted between infected individuals by the sandfly. (escholarship.org)
The geographic distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis is mainly determined by the sandfly vectors ( Phlebotomus sp. (escholarship.org)

Ninety percent of previously reported VisL patients were from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sudan and Brazil whereas around ninety percent of the CutL cases were recorded from areas such as Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Iran, Peru, Saudi Arabia and Syria[ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This list was generated on Tue Oct 3 03:24:35 2023 +0330 . (ac.ir)

The disease occurs in varying presentations, from the self-limited and even self-healing cutaneous forms to fatal systemic disease. (escholarship.org)

Implementation of a cutaneous leishmaniasis laboratory network can enhance diagnosis, unify diagnostic methods and improve patient care. (who.int)

WHO considers Leishmaniasis as one of the "Neglected Tropical Diseases" that continues to be prevalent despite international, national, and local efforts towards its control and elimination over the last decade. (intechopen.com)

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was run on data existed for 3,371 cases with pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis based on routinely collected data from the Health System of Golestan Province, Iran, between 2010 and 2017. (ac.ir)

The lack of an integrated national system prevents the Islamic Republic of Iran from registering and reporting all cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. (who.int)
Although the Islamic Republic of Iran reports 20 000 new cases of CL annually, the actual number is likely several times higher (4,5). (who.int)
It appears that a significant number of cases of CL in the Islamic Republic of Iran are neither reported nor registered. (who.int)
Fifty to 100 cases of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis are diagnosed each year in the United States. (aafp.org)
3 , 4 About 150 cases of leishmaniasis have reportedly been diagnosed in U.S. soldiers serving in Iraq in 2003, and more are expected. (aafp.org)
5 Preliminary data on 22 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis contracted by American troops in Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Iraq and treated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between August 2002 and September 2003 were recently released. (aafp.org)
This study was conducted to record cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human beings from three districts i.e. (setpublisher.com)
Correlation of Histopathological and Microbiological Findings in 60 cases of Cutaneous Leishamaniasis. (setpublisher.com)
Over 350 million people are at risk globally, with 1.3 million new cases each year and 20,000 to 40,000 deaths annually [ 2 , 3 ]. (e-epih.org)

3. Naucke TJ, Lorentz S. First report of venereal and vertical transmission of canine leishmaniosis from naturally infected dogs in Germany. (ac.ir)

Research Journal of Parasitology (2008) 3 (1), 20 - 24. (ac.ir)

Ecoepidemiology of leishmaniasis in Syria. (ajtmh.org)
Syria's pre-war population of 22 million people has been reduced to approximately 17 million, with an estimated 5 million having fled the country 2 , 3 , and more than 6.5 million displaced within Syria 4 . (cdc.gov)
Kurds have faced marginalization and persecution both in Syria and throughout the Middle East, where they are the fourth largest ethnic group, with sizable populations in Iraq, Iran, and Turkey 8 . (cdc.gov)

Leishmaniasis and other protozoan infections. (ac.ir)

BACKGROUND: Many drugs are effective are used as second line treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. (bvsalud.org)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in Iranian children was consistent with cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment guideline and scientific evidence. (ijmrhs.com)
Therefore, screening of patients with this mutation has an important role in the treatment of patients with leishmaniasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Low efficacy and high cytotoxicity of the current treatment regimens for leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemotherapy is essential for leishmaniasis control and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

4 Reference Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Using the primary healthcare laboratory network, we established a 3-level surveillance system. (who.int)
Rajpar GM, Khan MA, Hafiz A. Laboratory investigation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Karachi. (setpublisher.com)

Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomine sandflies. (plos.org)

Leishmaniasis is a disease associated with rural areas and poverty, but it has adapted to the urban environment as well. (aafp.org)
This article focuses on cutaneous leishmaniasis, the more common form of the disease. (aafp.org)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a serious tropical disease and a neglected health challenge in Iran. (bvsalud.org)
All these challenges related to environment, disease, and vector pose major implications on WHO's leishmaniasis control and elimination plan. (intechopen.com)
Leishmaniasis is an emerging vector-borne disease in Sri Lanka. (biomedcentral.com)
Leishmaniasis was previously considered to be an exotic disease in Sri Lanka. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, it seems that the key to disease control management is the introduction of an effective vaccine, particularly against its cutaneous form. (ac.ir)
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is endemic in the tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. (biomedcentral.com)
Foot & mouth disease - Iran: (QM) bovine, new strain, st. (blogspot.com)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been given various names in different civilizations such as "Delhi boil" in India, "Baghdad boil" in Iraq, and "saldana" in Afghanistan. (escholarship.org)

10. Scott P, Artis D, Uzonna J, Zaph C. The development of effectors and memory T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis: the implications for vaccine development. (ac.ir)
However, there is still no vaccine against different types of human leishmaniasis. (ac.ir)

5 Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences , 17 (3), 216-219. (ac.ir)

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type1 (HTLV-I) and cutanous leishmaniasis exists endemically in Mashhad. (virascience.com)

In the early 1980s, the Mujahadeen united and revolted against the Soviet-backed Afghan Army causing approximately 6.2 million Afghan refugees to flee to the neighboring countries of Pakistan and Iran in the subsequent decade. (mn.us)
Nawaz R, Khan AM, Khan SU, Rauf A. Frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an Afghan refugee camp at Peshawar. (setpublisher.com)

Of the 42 documents reviewed, 30 were focused on dengue, eight on malaria, and two on leishmaniasis. (biomedcentral.com)

The search for effective vaccines against leishmaniasis is still in progress (Piscopo and Azzoparid, 2007). (scialert.net)
Vaccines for the leishmaniases: pro-posals for a research agenda. (ac.ir)

Anatomy7

Organisms19

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care12

Geographicals24

Visceral23

Leishmania20

Post-kala-azar der1

Zoonotic7

Mucocutaneous3

Lesions14

Course of cutaneous leishmaniasis1

Patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis2

Variant of cutaneous1

Clinical6

Tropica2

Infection7

Parasites2

Species2

20184

Parasitic disease2

Epidemiology2

Recidivans1

Incidence4

Prevalence3

Endemic areas5

Glucantime1

Skin leishmaniasis2

Epidemiologic1

Dermatology1

Humans1

Occur1

20161

Sandfly3

Saudi Arabia1

20231

Systemic disease1

Diagnosis1

Prevalent1

Materials and Met1

Cases9

Dogs1

Parasitology1

Syria3

Infections1

Treatment5

Laboratory3

Sandflies1

Disease9

Afghanistan1

Vaccine2

Iranian2

Mashhad1

Afghan2

Dengue1

Vaccines2