The term ionophore (from Greek ion carrier or ion bearer) was proposed by Berton Pressman in 1967 when he and his colleagues were investigating the antibiotic mechanisms of valinomycin and nigericin. (wikipedia.org)
Nigericin, a H+ and K+ ionophore, possesses unique pharmacological effects. (bvsalud.org)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the cytotoxic effects of the K+ ionophores, nigericin, nonactin, and valinomycin, on various B-lymphoma cells including PEL. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Although the three tested ionophores inhibited the proliferation of several B-lymphoma cell lines, nigericin inhibited the proliferation of PEL cells compared to KSHV-negative cells. (bvsalud.org)
Channel-forming i1
Alamethicin is a channel-forming ionophore. (fermentek.com)
Antibiotic3
Valinomycin, an ionophore antibiotic, was used to disrupt mitochondrial function in PC12 cells, and MitoTracker Deep Red FM was used to monitor the effects. (moleculardevices.com)
A23187 is an ionophore antibiotic that forms dimeric. (fermentek.com)
Valinomycin is a cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus. (fermentek.com)
A231871
Three ionophores (A23187, valinomycin, and nystatin) were used in vitro to induce loss of K+ and water from human erythrocytes, thus causing cell dehydration with an increase in mean cell haemoglobin concentration and loss of filterability through pores of 5 µm diameter. (semcs.net)
Some of them are superior to naturally existing neutral carriers such as valinomycin, which is highly selective for potassium ions. (dojindo.com)
Selective4
Ionophores catalyze ion transport across hydrophobic membranes, such as liquid polymeric membranes (carrier-based ion selective electrodes) or lipid bilayers found in the living cells or synthetic vesicles (liposomes). (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores selective for cations and anions have found many applications in analysis. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores can be selective to a particular ion but may not be exclusive to it. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, hydrogels were used as membrane overlays on coated wire ion-selective electrodes that employed conventional plasticised-PVC-valinomycin based sensing membranes. (aston.ac.uk)
Membrane5
Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally, an ionophore contains a hydrophilic center and a hydrophobic portion that interacts with the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores that transport hydrogen ions (H+, i.e. protons) across the cell membrane are called protonophores. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores usually have a polar inner moiety, and a non-polar outer moiety which can span or cross the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. (fermentek.com)
Liposomes1
Arrows mark addition of the proton ionophore CCCP to initiate K + flux and addition of the K + ionophore valinomycin to measure total flux capacity of the liposomes. (elifesciences.org)
Biological4
Ionophores are chemical compounds that reversibly bind and transport ions through biological membranes in the absence of a protein pore. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores modify the permeability of biological membranes toward certain ions to which they show affinity and selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophores are compounds which can facilitate the migration of ions across biological membranes. (fermentek.com)
Structure (b) is reproduced, with permission, from B. C. Pressman: Biological application of ionophores. (equimount.com)
Ions5
In chemistry, an ionophore (from Greek ion and -phore 'ion carrier') is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions. (wikipedia.org)
Some ionophores are synthesized by microorganisms to import ions into their cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, these ionophores become unable to transport ions under very low temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
Many ionophores are produced naturally by a variety of microbes, fungi and plants, and act as a defense against competing or pathogenic species. (wikipedia.org)
Affects1
Ionophore function usually affects metallic. (fermentek.com)
The day after seeding, valinomycin was added to cells in the microplate in a 1:2 dilution series from 1 µM down to 1 nM. (moleculardevices.com)
PC12 cells showed a concentrationdependent reduction in mitochondrial labeling when treated with valinomycin. (moleculardevices.com)
Activity2
Several chemical factors affect the ionophore activity. (wikipedia.org)
The activity of an ionophore-metal complex depends on its geometric configuration and the coordinating sites and atoms which create coordination environment surrounding the metal center. (wikipedia.org)
Addition1
ensuring from the addition of sakacin A. The ionophore valinomycin was used at the end of these experiments (arrow 6) to completely dissipate ΔΨ (McAuliffe et al. (cdk-receptor.com)
Structure2
The structure of the ionophore-ion complex has been verified by X-ray crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
valinomycin-K+ complex is drawn inward. (equimount.com)
Ability1
The ability of ionophores to selectively modulate the permeation of salts through hydrogel membranes was also examined. (aston.ac.uk)
Potassium ionophore2
[ 9 ] Valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, exhibited activity against La Crosse virus in multiple cell types in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to disrupt virus replication. (medscape.com)
For comparison, intact liver cells were treated with valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, which gave rise to an atypical cell death, with chromatin condensation appearing without DNA fragmentation. (pacific.edu)
Ionophores are chemical compounds that reversibly bind and transport ions through biological membranes in the absence of a protein pore. (wikipedia.org)
Ionophore antibiotics are compounds that form complexes with alkali ions to alter the endosomal pH conditions. (nih.gov)