• To explore such an alternative strategy, we investigated the effects of targeting the CXCR4 receptor using the histamine analog clobenpropit (CB). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we show that treatment of these cells with pertussis toxin and neutralizing antibodies to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 inhibited homing of the cells to the BM, but not the spleen, of NOD/SCID mice. (huji.ac.il)
  • The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR3 are expressed predominantly on the cell surface of NK T cells. (huji.ac.il)
  • In contrast to CXCR4, the expression levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the migration of cells in response to CXCL9 and CXCL10 increased after IL-2 treatment. (huji.ac.il)
  • CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXCL12, both of which are overexpressed in many cancers, play a pivotal role in metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, our findings propose a therapeutic potential in combined CXCR4 and LPA 1 inhibitors for cancer and inflammatory diseases associated with these receptors, simultaneously raising concerns about the use of LPA 1 antagonists alone for such conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This report reviews the physiological roles of chemokines and their receptors in the context of hematopoietic cell regulation, with particular focus on the involvement of stromal cell derived factor (SDF)-l/pre-B cell growth stimulating factor (PBSF) and its receptor CXCR4. (go.jp)
  • Desk 1 Surface area and practical tumor come cell guns in biliary system tumor and their medical outcomes Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) takes on an essential part in restoration and regeneration of cells in adults and was also determined as a surface area gun of (tumor) come cells[49]. (researchhunt.com)
  • High levels of chemokine ligand 9 were associated with more severe DL. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) acts as a key chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding specifically to its corresponding G protein-coupled receptor chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) (11, 12). (researchsquare.com)
  • GPRs are cell surface receptors that activate guanine-nucleotide binding proteins upon the binding of a ligand. (nih.gov)
  • Monocyte differentiation and chemotaxis to chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25)/TECK were used to study CCR9 function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • All macrophages express common markers such as CD11b (Mac1 or CR3), CD68, and CD115 (M-CSF receptor). (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells ( e.g ., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC. (wjgnet.com)
  • CCR5 is known to play a decisive role as a chemotactic receptor abundantly expressed on monocytes, macrophages and T-cells and its heterozygous mutation-related deficiency implies impaired memory CD4 + T-cell response [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, identification of novel endogenous targets for drug development may have beneficial properties ACTH4-10, a heptapeptide fragment derived from the hormone adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) modulates the inflammatory response in a corticosterone-independent manner, via agonism at melanocortin type 3 receptors (MC3-R) expressed on peritoneal macrophages. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Monocytes/macrophages express chemokine receptor CCR9 in rheumatoid arthritis and CCL25 stimulates their differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chemokine receptor CCR9 mRNA expression was examined in RA and non-RA synovium, monocytes/macrophages from PB and synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients and PB of healthy donors using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (ox.ac.uk)
  • To identify participation of chemokines in BD pathogenesis, we examined genetic variants of several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Chemokines and their corresponding receptors have been well-characterized in RA progression, but less so in OA pathogenesis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has gained attention as therapeutic target in various malignancies. (cancerindex.org)
  • The goal of the current study was to assess the association of COVID-19 clinical courses controlled by patients' adaptive immune responses without progression to severe disease with patients' Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genetics, AB0 blood group antigens, and the presence or absence of near-loss-of-function delta 32 deletion mutant of the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, we were interested in elucidating the potential impact of CCR5 delta32 (CD195), a near-loss-of-function mutant of the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 on the COVID-19 clinical course. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coperchini F, Chiovato L, Croce L, Magri F, Rotondi M The cytokine storm in COVID-19: an overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. (britishjournalofmidwifery.com)
  • A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. (wjgnet.com)
  • These receptors either inhibit or activate NK cell functions such as cytolysis or cytokine secretion. (aai.org)
  • Smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques express the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 and undergo chemotaxis to the CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1). (prosci-inc.com)
  • Despite their well-known involvement in neuroimmunologic processes, the pathogenic significance of chemokines, which are small signaling proteins with the ability to induce chemotaxis, has been relatively understudied in BD as compared with other immune system components. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • We found that the chemotactic and proinflammatory chemokines RANTES, MCP-1, and, to a lower extent, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and IL-8, were able to induce uropod formation and ICAM-3 redistribution in T lymphoblasts adhered to ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. (silverchair.com)
  • Both diseases are characterized by the extravasation of leukocytes from the vascular endothelium into the synovial tissue, a process that involves numerous chemokines and their receptors acting as synovial chemotactic mediators (5). (researchsquare.com)
  • CX3CR1 Antibody: CX3CR1 is one of the chemokine receptors that are required as coreceptors for HIV infection. (prosci-inc.com)
  • The encoded seven transmembrane protein was recently identified as the receptor for a novel transmembrane molecule, fractalkine, and renamed CX3CR1. (prosci-inc.com)
  • IL-15 and IL-2 oppositely regulate expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Role of CX3CR1 receptor in monocyte/macrophage driven neovascularization. (prosci-inc.com)
  • The mRNA and protein level of the chemokine receptor characterizing cytotoxic effector lymphocytes, CX3CR1, was upregulated. (uniba.it)
  • This constitutive upregulation of glomerular and urinary fractalkine suggests an involvement of the CX3CR1-fractalkine axis in the exacerbation of gross hematuria. (uniba.it)
  • Although a defect in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 increases susceptibility of mice and humans to systemic candidiasis, it does not in mucosal candidosis. (medscape.com)
  • Involvement of cAMP signaling pathway. (silverchair.com)
  • We have also examined the involvement of cAMP signaling pathway in uropod formation. (silverchair.com)
  • Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
  • Aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of plasma membrane receptors that orchestrate intracellular signaling in response to diverse extracellular stimuli [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although less is known about an additional receptor, cysLT2, emerging evidence indicates that it likely also contributes to cysLT actions promoting inflammation, vascular permeability, and perhaps fibrosis. (springer.com)
  • 1 It is therefore not surprising that evidence that indicates involvement of immunity and inflammation in psychiatric disorders including BD is accumulating. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Applying the methodology to four gene families (the chemokine receptor family, the TNF receptor family, the TGF- β gene family, the IL-17 gene family) in nine inflammation related diseases, we identify disease associated genes which exhibit significant dysregulation in gene expression or DNA methylation in the inflammation related diseases, which provides clues for functional associations between the diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chemokines are proteins that help mediate inflammation. (gi.org)
  • Since the lymphocyte uropod induced by chemokines was completely abrogated by Bordetella pertussis toxin, the formation of this membrane projection appears to be dependent on G proteins signaling pathways. (silverchair.com)
  • These Ly-49 inhibitory receptors, as well as inhibitory KIRs, contain cytoplasmic immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that are phosphorylated upon stimulation, leading to the recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) and attenuation of intracellular signals ( 1 , 4 , 5 ). (aai.org)
  • In contrast, the predicted amino acid sequences for the activating receptors, Ly-49D and Ly-49H, do not contain any ITIMs in their cytoplasmic domains, confirming that these are not inhibitory receptors ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ). (aai.org)
  • To determine the relationship between immune response and clinical and therapeutic outcomes, we studied 101 DL and 101 cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases and determined cytokines and chemokines in supernatants of mononuclear cells stimulated with leishmania antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • Th1-type lymphocytes that secrete cytokines, such as interferon-gamma and soluble IL-2 receptor, are possible inducers of granuloma formation. (medscape.com)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effect of the selective human MC3 receptor agonist PG992 on high density human chondrocyte micromass cultures activated by IL-1beta. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Chemokines have been classified by structure and function into four groups: CXC, CC, C and CX3C (9). (researchsquare.com)
  • A similar chemokine-mediated effect was observed during T cells binding to the fibronectin fragments of 38- and 80-kD, that contain the binding sites for the integrins VLA-4 and VLA-5, respectively. (silverchair.com)
  • Recognition of the effective involvement of the myoepithelial cells in mammary gland development and in hampering tumorigenesis has renewed the interest in investigating the biological roles of this second main mammary lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This would place NK cells and their activating Ly-49 receptors as important initiators of microbial immunity and key elements of the innate immune system. (aai.org)
  • Murine NK cells express multiple Ly-49 receptors that are type II transmembrane receptors. (aai.org)
  • A functionally similar family of molecules exists on human NK cells, i.e., the killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs). (aai.org)
  • The inhibitory Ly-49 receptors, Ly-49A, C, G, and I, inhibit NK cell function upon binding of class I ligands on target cells ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). (aai.org)
  • Chemokines are abundant in RA synovial fluid, while OA synovial fluid also reveals the presence of chondrocytes, synovial cells and other cells capable of both expressing and responding to chemokines (2-4). (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokines are well-recognized for their ability to recruit different leukocytes (6) and for their involvement in the migration of circulating cells into or within tissue (7, 8). (researchsquare.com)
  • GPR75 receptor mediates 20-HETE-signaling and metastatic features of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • In BTC, ABCG2 was proven to end up being over-expressed in BTC growth spheres and in Compact disc44+/Compact disc133+ cells, producing it a applicant for medicinal involvement in putative BTC CSCs[43,47,48]. (researchhunt.com)
  • The chemokine CCL2 participates in multiple neuroinflammatory processes, mainly through the recruitment of glial cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Chemokine receptor 9 is important in regulating the movement of certain groups of white blood cells to the small intestine and colon. (gi.org)
  • Eotaxin-3, a chemokine highly secreted by endothelial and inflammatory cells in CSS patients' damaged tissues, seems to directly target eosinophils toward affected tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Chemokines regulate cellular polarization and adhesion receptor redistribution during lymphocyte interaction with endothelium and extracellular matrix. (silverchair.com)
  • RNase protection assays and chemokine protein production analysis validated the microarray results, as cross-linking the Ly-49D mouse NK receptor induced high levels of IFN-γ, lymphotactin, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)1α, and MIP1β. (aai.org)
  • Chemokines and chemokine receptors are critical players in the disease processes of two inflammatory joint diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) (1). (researchsquare.com)
  • Chemokines can be either homeostatic or inflammatory, or display both qualities simultaneously. (researchsquare.com)
  • Heart involvement in CSS patients who are in clinical remission is very common and is characterized by fibrosis and an active inflammatory process. (medscape.com)
  • The most frequently mutated GPCRs include thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), Smoothened (SMO), glutamate metabotropic receptors (GRMs), members of the adhesion family of GPCRs and receptors for bioactive lipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that accumulate in the tumour microenvironment. (nature.com)
  • The majority of the strongly induced mRNAs as analyzed by microarray hybridization were chemokine genes. (aai.org)
  • Our findings indicate an association between genetic variants of certain chemokine and chemokine receptor (especially MCP-1) genes and BD. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • Modulated genes showed a clear involvement of the intracellular interferon signaling, antigen-presenting pathway, and the immunoproteasome. (uniba.it)
  • 2 However, the human KIRs are structurally dissimilar to the murine Ly-49 family of receptors because they belong to the Ig superfamily of receptors. (aai.org)
  • Although the endometrium has an overall low risk of COVID-19 infection, due to the low expression of ACE 2 and transmembrane protease serine protease-2 (TMPRSS2), but the expression of these host receptors increase at specific stages of the menstrual cycle and varies based on the woman's age and endometrial susceptibility to the infection [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study investigated the expression and function of chemokine receptor CCR9 in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovium of RA, non-RA patients and healthy volunteers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the setting of chronic leukemia, cutaneous involvement can indicate blast transformation. (medscape.com)
  • Striking clinical features include frequent cutaneous and extranodal involvement, young age at presentation, and male predominance. (medscape.com)
  • The primary cutaneous form of ALCL (PC-ALCL), seen in the image below, is defined by skin-only involvement without systemic dissemination at presentation. (medscape.com)
  • The initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with any lymphoproliferative malignancy should include a careful history and physical examination, with close attention paid to the presence of systemic B symptoms, lymph node involvement, organomegaly, and evidence of cutaneous involvement. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, over two-thirds of lung cancer patients have regional lymph-node involvement or distant metastases at the time of presentation [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The B-cell receptor consists of an Ig molecule anchored to the cell's surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 20-HETE Signals Through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR75 (G(q)) to Affect Vascular Function and Trigger Hypertension. (nih.gov)
  • Elevated levels of soluble fractalkine in active systemic lupus erythematosus: potential involvement in neuropsychiatric manifestations. (prosci-inc.com)
  • Thus, we conclude that a primary role for the activating NK receptors in vivo may be to trigger soluble factor production and regulation of the immune response. (aai.org)
  • Interestingly, several cAMP agonists were able to induce uropod formation and ICAM-3 redistribution, whereas H-89, a specific inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, abrogated the chemokine-mediated uropod formation, thus pointing out a role for cAMP-dependent signaling in the development of this cytoplasmic projection. (silverchair.com)
  • The initial event in the replicative cycle of a virus is its interaction with receptors present on the surface of a cell. (medscape.com)
  • This gene expression was specific because other chemokines were not induced by anti-Ly-49D receptors. (aai.org)
  • In previous studies, expression levels of several chemokine and chemokine receptors have been examined in patients with BD. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
  • We have elucidated the molecular mechanisms involved in the increase in IL-6 expression caused by CXCL1 incubation in SFs, which was regulated by its receptor CXCR2, c-Raf and MAPK signaling components, and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • In addition, we found that other adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, CD43, and CD44, also redistributed to the lymphocyte uropod upon RANTES stimulation, whereas a wide number of other cell surface receptors did not redistribute. (silverchair.com)
  • Nonetheless, MECs were also found to exhibit cancer-promoting effects and provoke tumour invasion and dissemination by displaying distinct cancer chemokines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pharmacological inhibition confirmed a C-X-C chemokine receptor 3-mediated pathway involvement in the CBox toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)
  • An unusual CNS involvement leading to microcephaly due to infection of pregnant women by Zika virus has also been recently reported and highlights the constant need to look for new types of neurological manifestations of viral infections in humans. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with longstanding colitis, whether ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease with involvement of the colon, are at increased risk of developing colon or rectal cancer relative to the general population. (gi.org)
  • Clinically relevant involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by viruses is an uncommon event, considering the overwhelming number of individuals affected by the different human viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • Most commonly, clinically relevant viral encephalitis affects children, young adults, or elderly patients, but the spectrum of involvement depends on the specific viral agent, host immune status, and genetic and environmental factors. (medscape.com)
  • Much attention has been focused on the regulation of hematopoiesis by chemokines, because of the possibility of direct consequence for clinical practice in cell therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (go.jp)
  • A diagnosis of leukemia cutis in the setting of acute leukemia generally portends a poor prognosis and strongly correlates with additional sites of extramedullary involvement. (medscape.com)
  • Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. (nature.com)
  • Cysteinyl (cys) LTs C 4 , D 4 , and E 4 are long known to contribute to airway contractile responses via ligation of the cysLT1 receptor, and cysLT1 antagonists are beneficial in some patients with asthma. (springer.com)
  • Involvement of bone in lung cancer metastases is a major source of morbidity and mortality arising from skeletal related events (SREs) [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • GPR75 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. (nih.gov)
  • accordingly, the virus entry through this receptor depends on the cleavage of the S protein, which varies in different virus strains and cell types [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)