Involve autoimmune diseases. Medical search. Frequent questions

The study, published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Heart Association , helps fill a gap in what's known about the long-term cardiovascular health of people with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and lupus, researchers say. (heart.org)
Their most common autoimmune conditions were rheumatoid arthritis, followed by systemic lupus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and myositis/dermatomyositis. (heart.org)
Chemotherapy is typically used to treat cancer, blood disorders, and autoimmune diseases like Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. (tutorialspoint.com)
in other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis the evidence is increasing. (ox.ac.uk)
The review provided a comprehensive report on the use of scRNA-seq in understanding the following systemic AID: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis, primary Sjogren's syndrome, Kawasaki disease, systemic sclerosis, macrophage activation syndrome, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Behcet's disease. (news-medical.net)
Setpoint Medical , a startup based in Boston, is developing a nerve stimulator designed to dampen the out-of-control immune system that triggers autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. (technologyreview.com)
As the most common systemic autoimmune illness, rheumatoid arthritis causes a heavy strain on both the patient and society. (news-medical.net)
Particularly in the initial phases of the disease, rheumatoid arthritis patients have an abundance of neutrophils in their inflamed joints that might produce NETs locally. (news-medical.net)
To date, an association between IgG4 and various other diseases like allergies, cancer, or rheumatoid arthritis has been revealed [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Evolution could be to blame for our autoimmune diseases , such as lupus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. (newscientist.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of joints. (rxlist.com)
Rheumatoid disease can also involve inflammation of tissues in other areas of the body, such as the lungs , heart, and eyes. (rxlist.com)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily involves the joints. (msdmanuals.com)
This is called an "autoimmune response," and it's what happens in autoimmune diseases like lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. (medlineplus.gov)
Misguided or excessive complement activation is involved in many common diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis and age-related macula degeneration. (lu.se)
Joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common chronic inflammatory disease that causes long-term suffering and disability in 1% of our population, is a complex process also involving complement activation. (lu.se)

Lupus is an autoimmune condition when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy organs and tissues (autoimmune disorder). (tutorialspoint.com)
Lupus can be difficult to identify because the symptoms often overlap with the symptoms of other diseases. (tutorialspoint.com)
We can learn details about its symptoms to draw attention to Lupus and what Selena Gomez said about the disease- Lupus. (tutorialspoint.com)
Gomez claimed that the donation was linked to lupus-related nephritis, one of the kidney diseases that can be associated with Lupus. (tutorialspoint.com)
Lupus and other chronic arthritic diseases can affect your psychological health because of the debilitating character of their signs. (tutorialspoint.com)
While some diseases like lupus exhibit familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic predisposition, other cases have been associated with infectious triggers or exposure to environmental factors, implying a complex interplay between genes and environment in their etiology. (wikipedia.org)
The list also includes lupus, whereby the immune system becomes hyperactive, causing symptoms such as joint pain and rashes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (moneyweek.com)
Insufficient knowledge of how these diseases progress, as well as their heterogeneity is a common challenge among T1D, lupus and MS-that this grant program aims to overcome. (lupusresearch.org)
Each study will investigate the immune system's role in the development of lupus, T1D and/or MS. The 2021 awardees are examining possible common mechanisms that could cause or contribute to the development of at least two of the three autoimmune diseases. (lupusresearch.org)
The kidney is one of the first organs to be affected by the autoimmune disorder lupus , so the team also looked at urine samples, which can indicate kidney health. (newscientist.com)
Lupus is an autoimmune disease . (webmd.com)
Lupus is a disease that can affect many parts of the body. (webmd.com)
Lupus sometimes seems to run in families, which suggests the disease may be hereditary. (webmd.com)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) Information Clearinghouse, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Health Topics: "The Many Shades of Lupus. (webmd.com)
She's planning to take her lupus, a disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy tissue, from a whole new angle: holistically. (scienceblogs.com)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks normal organs and healthy tissue. (scienceblogs.com)
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disorder of autoimmune etiology, occurring predominantly in young women. (msdmanuals.com)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous disease affecting multiple organ systems and characterized by autoantibody formation to nuclear components. (cdc.gov)
Lupus is a non-infectious and chronic autoimmune disease that affects different parts of the body. (cdc.gov)
Those with the highest risk of developing lupus are women, ages 15 - 44 years, people from certain racial and ethnic minority groups, and people with a family history of lupus or other autoimmune diseases. (cdc.gov)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a relatively common autoimmune disease involving skin, joints and kidneys and is characterized by autoantibodies against self-antigens including DNA and histones. (lu.se)

Our finding of presence of GPR56+ CD4+ T cells only in kidneys with active inflammation suggest their contribution to local tissue destruction, which may reveal previously unrecognized disease mechanisms. (reachmd.com)
The study used 2014-2019 data for people 65 and older from a government database of all inpatient Medicare hospital bills in the U.S. The researchers matched records for 59,820 heart attack patients who had inflammation-causing autoimmune disorders with records of 178,547 heart attack patients without the autoimmune conditions. (heart.org)
And, because of their autoimmune disease, people typically have chronic inflammation and autoimmune antibodies and commonly use steroid medications, all of which have been associated with higher cardiovascular disease risks. (heart.org)
Although regular Ig replacement therapy reduces susceptibility to Giardia species and Campylobacter enteritis, it does not prevent autoimmune mucosal inflammation. (medscape.com)
They are involved in the induction and effector phase of the immune response and inflammation, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. (viamedica.pl)
It can also be caused by inflammation, such as from autoimmune diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Vagus nerve stimulation blocks both the signal molecule and other cytokines involved in inflammation. (technologyreview.com)
In most people, the inflammation spreads to involve more of the colon, often the entire colon. (harvard.edu)
IBD covers two main conditions: Crohn's disease, which can inflame any part of the gastrointestinal tract, and ulcerative colitis, inflammation of the colon. (moneyweek.com)
Autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases are chronic disorders in which the immune system produces a harmful response against its own cells, tissues and/or organs that results in inflammation and organ damage. (lupusresearch.org)
In both human and animal disease models, these immune cells are frequently located at the areas of tissue inflammation where they support inflammatory response. (news-medical.net)
The skin, synovial joints, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels, and heart are some of the many organs affected by this broad inflammation, making it the classic systemic autoimmune disorder. (news-medical.net)
These hormones (especially cortisol and aldosterone) are involved in carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism, carbohydrate and blood sugar storage, and they fight inflammation and suppress the immune response. (rarediseases.org)
They often involve hard-to-classify syndromes like inflammation , pain, swelling, and misery. (mindbodygreen.com)
IBD involves inflammation, and IBS doesn't. (clevelandclinic.org)
IBS, on the other hand, isn't a disease and doesn't involve inflammation. (clevelandclinic.org)
Similar phenotype-endotype research has been done for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , he said at the meeting, pointing to a phase 3 randomized controlled trial, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, that found dupilimab (Dupixent) was effective for patients with COPD who had type 2 inflammation as indicated by elevated eosinophil counts. (medscape.com)
These cytokines are involved in host defenses and tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Indeed, when the cartilage is removed surgically, a dramatic decrease in inflammation and disease symptoms is observed. (lu.se)

The evidence about the risk of adverse events after heart attack for people with autoimmune disorders is less robust than evidence for people without these disorders, and mainly from small or single-center studies," senior study author Dr. Amgad Mentias said in a news release. (heart.org)
Patients with autoimmune disease and cardiovascular disorders should be managed by a cardio-rheumatologist working with a rheumatologist, lead study author Dr. Heba Wassif said in the release. (heart.org)
Discovering that Clec16a plays the same role in the human thymus as in the mouse, would be a big step toward solving the mystery of how a complicated diseases like type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders develop. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, autoimmune disorders can develop when the cells of one attack tissues and organs. (tutorialspoint.com)
Autoimmune diseases represent a vast and diverse category of disorders that, despite their differences, share some common symptomatic threads. (wikipedia.org)
This highlights the areas that we do not yet understand, namely the interplay of genetic susceptibility, extrinsic agents or disorders of immune regulation which permit the autoimmune process to become sufficiently pronounced as to engender a clinical autoimmune disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), one of the most prevalent primary immunodeficiency diseases, is a heterogeneous group of immunologic disorders of unknown etiology. (medscape.com)
3. Explore the complex relationship between mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, and physical ailments, such as chronic pain and autoimmune disorders. (collepals.com)
A recent review published in the Journal of Autoimmunity discussed the applications of single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) in understanding autoimmune disorders. (news-medical.net)
The review also explored a combination of single-cell sequencing technologies and multi-dimensional and multi-molecular analysis approaches in targeting the molecular mechanisms of AID, which would provide a basis for examining the pathogenesis and molecular markers of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders in the future. (news-medical.net)
In a recent Nature Reviews Immunology journal study, researchers assess the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. (news-medical.net)
Recent research has shown that neutrophils, particularly NETs released upon activation, have critical roles in the onset and progression of systemic autoimmune disorders and in the development of complex inflammatory responses that cause organ damage. (news-medical.net)
Inflammatory responses primarily involve innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, which are the leading cause of autoinflammatory disorders. (news-medical.net)
For more information on these disorders choose "Hypothyroidism" and "Hashimoto" as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database). (rarediseases.org)
Our center is recognized for excellence in the diagnosis and management of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders that affect the joints, muscles, skin, blood vessels, brain, and other vital organs. (clevelandclinic.org)
Rheumatic and autoimmune diseases are disorders which can affect any part of the body including the joints, muscles, connective tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones. (clevelandclinic.org)
While helpful for fighting infections, Th17 cells have also been linked with several autoimmune disorders. (nih.gov)
Investigation of the predicted pharmacogenes encompassing the gene-disease-gene pharmacogenomics (PGx) network suggests that these genes could play a significant role in COVID-19 clinical manifestation due to their association with autoimmune, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, and degenerative disorders. (cdc.gov)

Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis are types of autoimmune disease - where the immune system attacks the body's own tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and fibromyalgia both involve the nervous system and cause chronic symptoms, such as pain and fatigue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We previously found that the KP is involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression. (nih.gov)
Evidence linking sunlight, vitamin D, and the risk of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes is summarized to develop the thesis that vitamin D is the environmental factor that most strongly influences autoimmune disease development. (frontiersin.org)
The global burden has risen with the near tripling in the last half-century of multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 2 , 3 ), type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 4 ), and other autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
These diseases include type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. (nih.gov)
In contrast, Th17 cells developed with IL-23 showed higher levels of IL-18R1 and T-bet-2 molecules known to be involved in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse disease that resembles human multiple sclerosis. (nih.gov)

Other solid organ-specific autoimmune diseases (eg, pernicious anemia, thyroid diseases, vitiligo) have prevalence rates of more than 5% in patients with common variable immunodeficiency, which is higher than in the general population. (medscape.com)
Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases working in both the immune system and directly targeting the thyroid follicular cells. (viamedica.pl)
Immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AITD are strongly related to each other, but differences in the image of cAIT and GD phenotype are possibly due to a different type of immune response observed in these two counteracting clinical thyroid diseases. (viamedica.pl)
Recent studies have suggested that IgG4 plays a role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. (hindawi.com)
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a key enzyme in the formation of thyroid hormones and a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases. (scienceopen.com)
This could be done in women who wish to become pregnant and those with an increased risk per se who are pregnant (to predict first trimester hypothyroidism, and postpartum thyroid dysfunction), patients with other autoimmune diseases, subjects on amiodarone, lithium, or interferon-alpha, and in relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. (scienceopen.com)
Thyroid diseases were the most common in 26.5% of patients overall, with 21.9% having Hashimoto's hypothyroidism and 5.1% hyperthyroidism . (medscape.com)

The researchers showed that the Clec16a gene is involved in the development of type 1 diabetes through the process of autophagy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
On the other hand, type 1 diabetes, which results from an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, primarily presents with symptoms related to high blood sugar, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. (wikipedia.org)
However, in type 1 diabetes there is a misdirected 'autoimmune' reaction to the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, which leads to insufficient insulin being produced. (edu.au)
Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases. (edu.au)
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas stops producing the hormone insulin. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The usual treatment for type 1 diabetes involves daily injections of insulin. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Candidates for pancreas transplantation generally have type 1 diabetes, usually along with kidney damage, nerve damage, eye problems, or another complication of the disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
CHICAGO, Illinois - The risk of developing 1 or more additional autoimmune conditions rises with age at onset of type 1 diabetes , particularly among women who develop diabetes in adulthood, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
Physicians should be aware that a lot of autoimmune diseases can occur in people with type 1 diabetes. (medscape.com)
Bao noted that previous studies have focused on comorbid endocrine autoimmune conditions, and in children with type 1 diabetes. (medscape.com)
In the new study, people with type 1 diabetes onset after age 40 years had twice the risk for 1 or more autoimmune conditions, such as thyroid disease, pernicious anemia , vitiligo, and gastrointestinal autoimmune conditions, as those diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in childhood. (medscape.com)
I think it has an important clinical message in terms of continuing to monitor adults with type 1 diabetes for late complications that may be associated with autoimmune conditions. (medscape.com)
Thyroid disease is commonly followed and screened over a lifetime [in people with type 1 diabetes], but some of these other [conditions] may present very subtly. (medscape.com)
The mean age of type 1 diabetes onset was 20.1 years for those without other autoimmune conditions compared with 23.3 years for those with 1 or more other autoimmune conditions ( P = .0003). (medscape.com)
Moreover, the mean age of type 1 diabetes onset rose with the number of subsequent autoimmune diagnoses, up to 32.3 years for those with 4 or more autoimmune conditions. (medscape.com)
The median age of onset of type 1 diabetes was 18 years, while that of the other autoimmune conditions ranged from 24 to 50 years. (medscape.com)

Approximately 20% of patients have a severe gastroenteropathy with severe malabsorption, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease . (medscape.com)
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease. (harvard.edu)
Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune disease. (harvard.edu)
Ulcerative colitis almost always involves the rectum. (harvard.edu)
Up to one in four people with ulcerative colitis has a parent or sibling with ulcerative colitis or with a related inflammatory bowel disease called Crohn's disease . (harvard.edu)
Some people with ulcerative colitis don't get enough vitamins, minerals, and other important micronutrients, either because they eat less to avoid diarrhea or because the disease makes it difficult to absorb nutrients from food. (harvard.edu)
There are about seven million sufferers of IBD - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - in the world. (moneyweek.com)
Gastrointestinal : inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). (clevelandclinic.org)
IBD is a group of autoimmune diseases that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis . (clevelandclinic.org)

According to estimates from the National Institutes of Health, up to 8% of people in the U.S. have an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system attacks the body's own organs, tissues and cells. (heart.org)
In systemic autoimmune diseases, the immune system cannot distinguish between self and non-self and subsequently responds to and harms several tissues and organs, including joints, kidneys, and blood vessels. (news-medical.net)
An autoimmune disorder caused when antibodies-immune system cells that fight off bacteria and viruses-mistakenly attack healthy body tissues and organs. (lupus.org)
There are so many autoimmune diseases affecting all sorts of tissues," said Andrea Graham , an evolutionary biologist at Princeton University, at the annual meeting of the International Society for Evolution, Medicine and Public Health in Durham, North Carolina, last month. (newscientist.com)
Autoimmune diseases represent a failure of self-identification leading to an immune-mediated assault on host tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Autoimmune diseases arise when the immune system, which normally protects the body from invading microbes, mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. (nih.gov)
The mechanism involves an immune response against the patient's own tissues by autoantibodies (antibodies to self), most commonly antinuclear antibodies (ANA). (scienceblogs.com)

In this study, we assess both the prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency of kynurenine on disease severity and progression in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model. (nih.gov)

Organ transplant recipients and people with autoimmune diseases may take immune suppressants. (yahoo.com)

Autoimmune diseases are a separate class from autoinflammatory diseases. (wikipedia.org)
A key difference is a malfunction of the innate immune system in autoinflammatory diseases, whereas in autoimmune diseases there is a malfunction of the adaptive immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The review comprehensively covered the principles, procedures, and sequencing platforms used in scRNA-seq, and explored its use in understanding the mechanisms of nine systemic and 32 organ-specific autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. (news-medical.net)
Research progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disease: A review. (news-medical.net)
Neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. (news-medical.net)
Genetics: monogenetic autoimmune and autoinflammatory syndromes. (clevelandclinic.org)
We are a regional, national, and international referral center for families seeking initial evaluation or second opinion services for pediatric rheumatologic conditions, including juvenile arthritis, vasculitis and childhood autoinflammatory diseases. (clevelandclinic.org)

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with fibrosis and abundant tissue lymphoplasmacytic infiltrations. (hindawi.com)
This article discusses the oral manifestations of several well-characterized autoimmune blistering diseases, including pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis, and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). (medscape.com)

Molecular mechanisms involved in human autoimmune diseases: relevance of chronic antigen presentation. (ox.ac.uk)
The concept also relates the human autoimmune diseases to the normal mechanisms of immune induction and immunoregulation. (ox.ac.uk)

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder. (viamedica.pl)
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II, also known as Schmidt syndrome, is a rare autoimmune disorder in which there is a steep drop in production of several essential hormones by the glands that secrete these hormones. (rarediseases.org)
When first described, this disorder was thought to involve only adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) and thyroid insufficiency (Hashimoto's thyroiditis). (rarediseases.org)
Addison's disease is a rare disorder characterized by chronic and insufficient functioning of the outer layer of the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex). (rarediseases.org)
For more information on this disorder choose "Addison's Disease" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database). (rarediseases.org)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's natural defenses against invading organisms (i.e., antibodies, lymphocytes etc.) suddenly begin to attack healthy tissue. (rarediseases.org)
Scott Dowell] One intriguing idea is that the disease is an autoimmune seizure disorder caused by auto-antibodies that the body makes against the parasite that, through a process of molecular mimicry, attack its own brain tissue. (cdc.gov)

The efforts to find clinical utility of assays to detect these self-reactive T cells and their role in disease pathogenesis using both patient samples, and human T-cell receptor based transgenic animal models will be the next focus of the group. (reachmd.com)
Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)

Explain the mechanisms involved in the development of autoimmune diseases and the challenges in their diagnosis and treatment. (collepals.com)
This marks the first time these three organizations are jointly funding research projects looking at common underlying disease mechanisms. (lupusresearch.org)
A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms relevant to gene-environment interactions is needed to deliver etiology-based autoimmune disease prevention and treatment strategies. (frontiersin.org)
A deep understanding of disease mechanisms will be needed to deliver etiology-based strategies to reverse this vexing trend. (frontiersin.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
We drew mainly on MS and T1D research because intensive investigation has generated detailed insights into vitamin D mechanisms in these diseases and provided valuable guidance for research on other autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
A recent chapter ( 6 ) and a review ( 7 ) have summarized vitamin D mechanisms in autoimmune diseases more generally. (frontiersin.org)
Loss of vitamin D-dependent homeostatic mechanisms may promote disease progression. (springer.com)
In collaboration with clinicians we are studying molecular mechanisms of complement involvement in these diseases. (lu.se)

This leads to infiltration of the gland by T cells and B cells that produce antibodies specific for clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease (GD) and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (cAIT). (viamedica.pl)
The downside is that these antibodies are precisely those implicated in autoimmune diseases. (newscientist.com)
The autoimmune diseases behind desquamative gingivitis involve the formation of antibodies targeted to particular tissue elements of the skin and mucosae. (bvsalud.org)
The term pemphigoid, subdivided into bullous pemphigoid and pemphigoid of mucous membranes (or scarring pemphigoid), is used for bullous cutaneous immunological diseases in which antibodies are produced against subepithelial antigens, leading to the formation of blister below the epithelium and the detachment of the underlying lamina propria. (bvsalud.org)

We have recently defined the antigenic specificity of multiple T-cell clones present at the site of a human organ-specific autoimmune disease, Graves' thyroiditis (Graves disease). (ox.ac.uk)
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. (scienceopen.com)

Clinical manifestations of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) include recurrent infections, autoimmune disease, lymphoid hyperplasia, granulomatous diseases, and malignancy. (medscape.com)
Patients with autoimmune manifestations may require immunosuppressive therapy. (medscape.com)
Over the last few decades, many other autoimmune blistering diseases have been delineated, and some of these newly identified diseases have oral manifestations. (medscape.com)
This study evaluated the burden and manifestations of genetic eye diseases in children in Ibadan, Nigeria. (bvsalud.org)
Common manifestations may include arthralgias and arthritis, Raynaud syndrome, malar and other rashes, pleuritis or pericarditis, renal or central nervous system involvement, and autoimmune cytopenias. (msdmanuals.com)
Our aim was to discover genetic loci within the MHC region that are associated with specific clinical and/or immunological manifestations within SLE cases and hence to find evidence of genetic variants that may drive specific forms of the disease. (cdc.gov)
Many times, oral epithelium is the single affected site or it shows the first clinical manifestations of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
The dentist plays an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of oral manifestations of systemic diseases, taking into account the importance of the histopathologic examination and referral for multidisciplinary treatment of severe, generalized lesions resistant to topical therapy. (bvsalud.org)

However, due to the broad range of autoimmune diseases, the specific presentation of symptoms can significantly vary based on the type of disease, the organ systems affected, and individual factors such as age, hormonal status, and environmental influences. (wikipedia.org)
The Center for Pediatric Rheumatology provides comprehensive diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care for children and adolescents who are living with juvenile arthritis and a wide range of autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases. (clevelandclinic.org)

The initial recognition of autoimmune diseases dates back to the early 1900s, and since then, advancements in understanding and management of these conditions have been substantial, though much more is needed to fully unravel their complex etiology and pathophysiology. (wikipedia.org)
This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions and potentially informative future research directions are highlighted to speed delivery of etiology-based strategies to reduce autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, "functional and mechanistic work on the molecular etiology of disease remains one of the major challenges in modern biology" ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

For example, Humira is effective against RA, plaque psoriasis (PPs), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis (AS, a rare type of arthritis of the spine). (moneyweek.com)

However, it might also involve multiple other organs, including the orbit and the thyroid. (hindawi.com)
The authors used various nomenclatures to describe conditions related to the presence of IgG4 until 2010 in Kanazawa, where it was unified as an "IgG4-related disease" with the consensus that it can affect various organs, including the thyroid and the eye with its adnexa and extraocular muscles [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, IgG4-RD can involve the vast majority of organs, including the thyroid and the orbit [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Therapeutic approaches primarily aim to manage symptoms, reduce immune system activity, and maintain the body's ability to fight diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms that are commonly associated with autoimmune diseases include: fatigue low-grade fever malaise (a general feeling of discomfort or unease) muscle aches joint pain skin rashes These symptoms often reflect the body's systemic inflammatory response. (wikipedia.org)
The diseases occur when the body's immune system fails to recognize its cells and components and launches an immune response against them. (news-medical.net)

Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks certain cells in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

The accurate diagnosis is extremely difficult, because the clinical signs of different autoimmune diseases are similar, e.g. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. (bvsalud.org)
Bao and colleagues screened for 29 different autoimmune conditions. (medscape.com)

In comparison to drugs used to treat autoimmune disease, "the promise is twofold," says Lawrence Steinman , a neurologist at Stanford University who is not involved with the company. (technologyreview.com)
A better understanding of the complex signals between these cells will help researchers design better ways to prevent and treat autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)

Haemophilus influenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus are the organisms most commonly involved. (medscape.com)
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare, autoimmune disease that commonly involves the kidney. (ed.ac.uk)
Oral lesions are observed commonly in autoimmune blistering skin diseases. (medscape.com)
Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly present in patients with immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, and it has been associated with histological severity, advanced hepatic fibrosis, and non-response to conventional glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)

Both are characterized by an immune system malfunction which may cause similar symptoms, such as rash, swelling, or, fatigue, but the cardinal cause or mechanism of the diseases are different. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms of autoimmune diseases can significantly vary, primarily based on the specific type of the disease and the body part that it affects. (wikipedia.org)
However, some autoimmune diseases may present with more specific symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes (e.g., urticaria), or neurological symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosing autoimmune diseases can be challenging due to their diverse presentations and the transient nature of many symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
The specific presentation of symptoms largely depends on the location and type of autoimmune response. (wikipedia.org)
Ménière's disease can cause symptoms that come on quickly and last from hours to days. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Large vessel vasculitis (LVV) is a multi-system, autoimmune disease characterised by non-specific symptoms, pain, and high glucocorticoid requirements. (ed.ac.uk)
The differential diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever is broad due to the various symptoms of the disease. (cdc.gov)
Other people who have similar genetic backgrounds may not get signs or symptoms of the disease. (webmd.com)
It's also a disease whose symptoms can wax and wane markedly, with periods of remission, during which the sufferer is relatively symptom-free, interspersed with "flares," when symptoms become much more troublesome and serious. (scienceblogs.com)
Read on to learn about the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment of liver disease. (healthline.com)
Liver disease symptoms vary, depending on the underlying cause. (healthline.com)
It's also possible for someone to have liver disease and not have any symptoms at all. (healthline.com)
Drees said that although routine screening isn't necessary for autoimmune conditions other than thyroid disease, "I think it's probably more about being very vigilant for symptoms that are early warnings of other autoimmune conditions. (medscape.com)

Organ systems involved typically include the heart, joints, and central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
The arthritis is typically migratory and involves the following large joints: elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. (cdc.gov)
We aim to identify further molecules involved in the activation of complement in joints in RA with the goal of developing diagnostic assays for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up of treatment. (lu.se)

In terms of prevalence, a UK study found that 10% of the population were affected by an autoimmune disease. (wikipedia.org)
As in many other chronic diseases, the prevalence of fibromyalgia is increased, which may cause diagnostic confusion in patients with periarticular and generalized pain and fatigue. (msdmanuals.com)
Some of the inherited diseases associated with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, such as Gilbert syndrome , are estimated to affect 4%-13% of the US population, while Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is rare except in Iranian Jews, in whom the prevalence is about 1 in 1300. (medscape.com)
The full picture of post-COVID-19 autoimmune diseases and their prevalence is lacking despite numerous case reports and small series. (cdc.gov)
The prevalence of autoimmune conditions also increased with current age in both men and women, but the rise in women was particularly striking. (medscape.com)

The researchers next looked at the ability of both sets of Th17 cells to cause autoimmune disease. (nih.gov)
This shows that Th17 cells behave differently depending on which cytokines drove their development, with IL-23 producing Th17 cells that are more likely to cause autoimmune disease. (nih.gov)
SLE may be precipitated by currently unknown environmental triggers that cause autoimmune reactions in genetically predisposed people. (msdmanuals.com)

SLE is a type I interferon response-heavy systemic autoimmune disease that displays high autoreactivity against nucleic acids and other nuclear and intracellular components. (news-medical.net)
Nephrology: nephritis, nephritic proteinuria associated with systemic autoimmune disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
Conclusion Our results suggest that age and having a systemic autoimmune condition increased the risk of hospital admission, whereas disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were not associated with hospital admission. (bmj.com)
Purpose: Occupational silica exposure has been associated with several systemic autoimmune diseases, and is an important environmental risk factor in studies of rheumatic diseases. (cdc.gov)

In contrast to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), common variable immunodeficiency is associated with a high frequency of autoimmune manifestation. (medscape.com)
Resnick reported autoimmunity in about 28.6% with one or more autoimmune manifestation. (medscape.com)
Oral lesions can be the predominant or minor clinical manifestation of a given disease. (medscape.com)
While most patients with pemphigus vulgaris have oral lesions, which usually are the first manifestation of this disease, only a few patients with bullous pemphigoid have oral lesions. (medscape.com)

Scott Dowell] Nodding syndrome's a severe neurological disease affecting young children in a few places in Africa. (cdc.gov)

Therefore patients with active inflammatory disease have lower levels of cholesterol, a phenomenon known as the lipid paradox. (heart.org)
Resnick et al described 6 patients with P jiroveci , 3 were being treated with steroids, 1 was being treated with steroids and 6-mercaptopurine for GI inflammatory disease, and 2 were not receiving any immunosuppressive therapy. (medscape.com)
Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) or Chronic Inflammatory Neonatal Arthritis (CINCA). (clevelandclinic.org)

A startup is developing an implanted stimulator to treat such illnesses as arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. (technologyreview.com)
The effect is similar to that of a popular class of drugs, called TNF alpha blockers, used to treat arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. (technologyreview.com)
We'll assess the prospects of the main companies involved in three major autoimmune diseases: RA, psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (Ps/PsA) and IBD. (moneyweek.com)
These findings indicate that PPARγ plays a critical role in the control of B cell response and imply a role in diseases in which B cell hyperreactivity is involved, such as arthritis and autoimmunity. (jci.org)
Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease . (clevelandclinic.org)
A team led by Dr. John O'Shea of NIH's National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) set out to investigate the development of Th17 cells. (nih.gov)
WASHINGTON - In psoriatic disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains one of the greatest unmet needs, with the transition from cutaneous psoriasis poorly understood, diagnosis challenging, and therapeutic accomplishments trailing far behind advances for skin disease. (medscape.com)
Ritchlin is among those rheumatology clinician-researchers who advocated early on for a "domain" approach to the diagnosis and management of PsA - that is, consideration of the key domains of peripheral arthritis, axial disease, enthesitis, dactylitis, and skin and nail psoriasis. (medscape.com)

[ 6 ] Patients with bacterial infections alone have markedly improved survival compared with those that have other disease-related complications. (medscape.com)

Typical signs of GO accompanied by increased concentration of IgG4 include younger age at diagnosis, and more severe course of the disease with a higher Clinical Activity Score (CAS). (hindawi.com)
We strongly recommend considering the diagnosis of GO with elevated IgG4 in patients with an established diagnosis of GD, elevated serum IgG4 levels, and clinical features of ophthalmic disease overlapping with those of IgG4-related orbital disease. (hindawi.com)
Scientists have now come up with a new technology that involves cancer diagnosis through a simple urine test using a strip of paper, making diagnosis simple and affordable for people. (medicaldaily.com)
Since its discovery in 1948, the utility of cfDNA has been studied extensively in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and monitoring disease progression. (cdc.gov)

Autoimmune diseases are known to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, perhaps because people who have them also tend to have more traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. (heart.org)
My group's research focuses on the cardiovascular risk associated with the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from early in the disease trajectory through to kidney failure requiring either dialysis or kidney transplantation. (ed.ac.uk)
Cardiovascular disease is the commonest complication of kidney disease and cardiovascular risk is greatest in those with kidney failure. (ed.ac.uk)
In population-based studies utilising high-fidelity linked healthcare data unique to Scotland, we are investigating temporal trends in the incidence and outcomes of cardiovascular disease, including rates of secondary prevention prescribing, in patients with kidney failure. (ed.ac.uk)
Studies in workers have also documented that silica can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, kidney failure, autoimmune diseases, and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis . (cdc.gov)

Some autoimmune diseases are triggered by autoantibodies. (yahoo.com)

Typically, drugs are used to address autoimmune diseases. (mindbodygreen.com)
The neurodegenerative process is believed to occur sub-clinically before the disease is typically diagnosed in the third decade of life. (frontiersin.org)
Assessing silica exposure in population and clinic-based studies typically involves connecting and evaluating a detailed lifetime job history, which can be time consuming and expensive. (cdc.gov)
These studies show that workers breathing small crystalline silica particles for a long time (typically years) can develop silicosis, a serious lung disease . (cdc.gov)

The immune system doesn't mean to attack the body, and what triggers an autoimmune disease is unclear. (yahoo.com)
The COVID-19 virus may stress the immune system so much that it triggers an extreme autoimmune response that continues after the patient has recovered from the initial infection. (medlineplus.gov)

proposed the term "IgG4-related autoimmune disease" as a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research. (bmj.com)

In the current work, thyroid-derived T cells recognizing residues 535-551 of the thyroid tissue-specific enzyme, TPO3 have been used to examine whether cells actively involved in the autoimmune process are resistant to anergy induction, as defined by anergy induction with in vitro systems. (ox.ac.uk)
The observation that the local site of autoimmune responses over-expressed HLA class II led to the formulation that tissue antigen-presenting capacity contributes significantly to the mechanism of autoimmune disease perpetuation, by continually reactivating auto-antigen-reactive T lymphocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Mixed connective tissue disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
Autoantibodies are proteins in the immune system that that attack and damage healthy tissue, and they are involved in many autoimmune diseases. (medlineplus.gov)

Traditional (cardiovascular disease) risk factors are accentuated in this population, and how these risk factors manifest is also unique," Wassif said. (heart.org)
It increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and experiencing an attack on the heart. (tutorialspoint.com)
2. Discuss the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the development of cardiovascular diseases, focusing on the interplay between lifestyle choices and inherited predispositions. (collepals.com)
Although current treatments have improved the short-term prognosis of AAV, these patients remain at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (ed.ac.uk)

The aim of this paper is to describe the pathophysiological, histopathological, and clinical features of Graves' Disease (GD) and Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) with elevated IgG4 levels. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this paper is to summarize current knowledge on the role of IgG4 as a biomarker of Graves' Disease and Graves' Orbitopathy. (hindawi.com)

Risk factors for nocardiosis include immunosuppression caused by solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplantation, glucocorticoid therapy, chronic lung disease, diabetes, AIDS, and malignancy ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)

Understanding the mechanism underlying EBV's role in autoimmunity could lead to the development of targeted therapies for these diseases. (lupusresearch.org)
Researchers discovered a new pathway for the development of Th17 cells, a type of helper T cell involved in autoimmunity. (nih.gov)

Ritchlin is co-leading a new research team dedicated to psoriatic spectrum diseases as part of the $64.5 million Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Diseases Program (AIM) of the Accelerating Medicine Partnership (AMP), a huge public-private partnership involving the National Institutes of Health that is collecting and analyzing troves of biological data in order to better understand the cellular and molecular compositions and interactions that lead to disease. (medscape.com)

While the team could see that switching off Clec16a made a big difference, they could not see which organ was involved or how the effect came about. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Autoimmune diseases are broadly divided into organ-specific and non-organ-specific AID. (news-medical.net)
The authors also discussed the applications of scRNA-seq in understanding nine non-organ-specific and 32 organ-specific diseases. (news-medical.net)
However, the disease is in part due to an autoimmune response to S. pyogenes infection involving multiple organ systems. (cdc.gov)
OMIM 152700) is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. (cdc.gov)

Autoimmune hepatitis. (healthline.com)
The goals of this review are to describe the nature of these expanded roles, examine the implications of vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune hepatitis, and identify opportunities for future investigation. (springer.com)
In conclusion, vitamin D has properties that could ameliorate immune-mediated disease, and vitamin D deficiency has been a common finding in immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
Vitamin D analogues that are independent of hepatic hydroxylation constitute an investigational opportunity to supplement current management of autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)
Beyazit Y, Kocak E, Tanoglu A, Kekilli M. Oxidative stress might play a role in low serum vitamin D associated liver fibrosis among patients with autoimmune hepatitis. (springer.com)

Researchers lacked information about the anatomy of patients' arteries and the severity of their autoimmune diseases that might have helped them understand treatment decision-making. (heart.org)
However, the researchers could not say if this is a cause or an effect of the disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The Decoding Immune-Mediated Diseases grants will provide researchers either up to $450,000 over two years or $225,000 over one year depending on the scope of the project. (lupusresearch.org)
Ultimately, the researchers hope to find novel biological targets and strategies for therapies to treat the diseases. (lupusresearch.org)
Researchers from the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) present new data on how autoimmune diseases impact pregnant women, particularly in fertility. (contemporaryobgyn.net)

It is estimated that there are more than 80 recognized autoimmune diseases, with recent scientific evidence suggesting the existence of potentially more than 100 distinct conditions. (wikipedia.org)
The most common autoimmune conditions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency are cytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in particular, and hemolytic anemia or, more rarely, autoimmune neutropenia. (medscape.com)
Patients who have common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune conditions appear to have very low numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells in peripheral blood and are more likely to have a mutation in the gene that encodes TACI ( TNFRST13B ). (medscape.com)
These conditions all involve aberrant immune responses. (edu.au)
I believe in some cases, there can be alternative ways to deal with autoimmune conditions. (mindbodygreen.com)
No test or scan can confirm IBS, and even a colon exam won't show signs of disease or abnormality - but your provider may order them to rule out other conditions. (clevelandclinic.org)
Autoimmune conditions involve your immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells in your body. (healthline.com)
Betty Drees, MD, professor of medicine at UMKC, who was not involved in the study, told Medscape Medical News that she was struck by "the number and variety of [autoimmune] conditions that are outside the endocrine system. (medscape.com)
One or more other autoimmune conditions were present in 35.7% overall, in 47% of women vs 24% of men. (medscape.com)

The way T cells are selected is something that's common to all these diseases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Drugs to treat these common diseases are taken over many years and are therefore very profitable for pharmaceutical companies. (moneyweek.com)
Two common causes of gastrointestinal distress are irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . (clevelandclinic.org)
OBJECTIVES: To better demonstrate the relationship between common eye diseases and the risk of dementia, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to investigate the relationship between common eye diseases and dementia. (bvsalud.org)

RA used to be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or drugs that slowed the progression of the disease, such as hydroxychloroquine. (moneyweek.com)
Kynurenine ameliorates EAE disease progression prophylactically and reduces relapses therapeutically. (nih.gov)

Many patients with the autoimmune disease ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) suffer a high risk of disease relapse despite treatment. (reachmd.com)
Many patients with AAV, especially PR3-AAV suffer a high risk of disease relapse despite treatment and today such flares cannot be accurately predicted. (reachmd.com)
The finding of public TCRs between patients who presented with relapsing disease encourages us to explore the possibility of T cell screening for identifying pathogenic memory which could identify individuals at high risk for disease relapse. (reachmd.com)
An ongoing research effort is to identify and validate peptides on PR3, that act as autoantigens in the patients affected with disease. (reachmd.com)
As is expected in a heterogeneous group of diseases, many different immune system defects have been reported in this group of patients. (medscape.com)
Patients with Addison's disease have a deficiency in the production of glucocorticoid hormones which are manufactured by the adrenal gland. (rarediseases.org)
are gram-positive aerobic actinomycetes that stain partially acid-fast, can infect immunocompromised patients, and may cause dis-seminated disease. (cdc.gov)
As with other Nocardia species, N. pseudobrasiliensis can infect immunocompromised patients and may cause disseminated disease ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Passive transfer experiments have demonstrated that purified autoantibodies from patients with the pemphigus group of diseases can induce blister formation when delivered to newborn mice. (medscape.com)
In view of the increasing number of laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization, the Regional Office convened a consultation meeting of experts involved in the clinical management of patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. (who.int)
Compte tenu du nombre croissant d'infections et de décès par le virus de la grippe pandémique (H1N1) 2009 confirmés en laboratoire dans la Région OMS de la Méditerranée orientale, le Bureau régional a convoqué une réunion consultative d'experts impliqués dans la prise en charge clinique de patients infectés par ce virus. (who.int)
Many molecules including complement are involved in the recognition of dying cells as shown by phenotype displayed by patients lacking complement component, for example deficiency of C1q leads in 95% cases to SLE. (lu.se)

A group of autoimmune blistering diseases affecting primarily the mucous membranes is termed mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) (also termed cicatricial pemphigoid ). (medscape.com)

0001) prevented the development of a more severe disease course with mice demonstrating diminished relapse rate and improved clinical and behavioural outcomes. (nih.gov)
Treatment of severe, ongoing, active disease requires corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms14

Diseases72

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes35

Information Science3

Health Care2

Rheumatoid16

Lupus21

Inflammation19

Disorders18

Multiple sclerosis8

Thyroid diseases7

Type 1 diabet16

Ulcerative colitis9

Tissues7

Experimental autoimmune enceph1

People with autoimmune diseases1

Autoinflammatory7

Immunoglobulin2

Human autoimmune diseases2

Disorder7

Pathogenesis2

Mechanisms10

Antibodies4

Thyroiditis2

Manifestations8

Range of autoimmune2

Etiology4

Crohn's1

Organs3

Body's3

Immune system mistakenly attacks1

Different autoimmune2

Treat autoimmune2

Commonly4

Symptoms14

Joints3

Prevalence5

Cause autoimmune3

Systemic autoimmune4

Manifestation4

Neurological1

Inflammatory disease3

Arthritis8

Complications1

Diagnosis4

Kidney5

Triggered by autoantibodies1

Typically4

Triggers2

Involvement2

Tissue4

Cardiovascular4

Graves2

Glucocorticoid therapy1

Autoimmunity2

Molecular1

Organ5

Hepatitis5

Researchers5

Conditions9

Common4

Progression2

Patients12

Primarily1

Severe2