• Imported arbovirus infections (mostly dengue) were frequently diagnosed, although increased chikungunya and Zika virus infections coincided with their introduction and spread in the Americas. (cdc.gov)
  • In recent decades, pathogenic flaviviruses (yellow fever virus, dengue [DENV], and Zika [ZIKV]) and the alphavirus chikungunya (CHIKV) have become the most common agents of emerging arbovirus diseases among humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Chikungunya and Zika are vector-borne viral infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this setting with limited laboratory capacities, it is unknown to which extent Zika virus or Chikungunya virus infections have contributed to these peaks of fever cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zika infections in adults can result in Guillain-Barré syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections result in Zika fever, a minor illness that causes symptoms such as fever and a rash. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to the outbreak, Zika was considered a mild infection, as most infections are asymptomatic, making it difficult to determine precise estimates of the number of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although, the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil were diagnosed in a returning traveller in March 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • And today's presentation I'll be covering the new guidance for U.S laboratories testing for Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2019, we began working with the Instituto Conmerativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud to measure interactions rates among a range of arboviruses - dengue virus, Zika virus, chikungunya virus - that are endemic to Central and South America. (mol.ax)
  • In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • We combined multiple data sources to improve estimates of ZIKV infection attack rates (IARs), reporting rates of Zika virus disease (ZVD) and the risk of ZIKV-associated NC for 28 capital cities in Colombia. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Their geographic distribution, epidemiologic patterns, and modes of transmission overlap considerably, and because of increased human travel and migration, outbreaks have been reported in non-arbovirus-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Although some factors are unlikely to occur in non-arbovirus-endemic settings, such as Europe, emergence of these infectious diseases in these regions may result from viremic persons with imported infections and presence of competent Aedes albopictus mosquitoes ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Travelers are at high risk for infection by vectorborne diseases and may contribute to the spread of imported diseases in non-disease-endemic areas ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the circulation of endemic and neglected arboviruses, such as MUCV, represents an important health problem for the local residents and for the people living in the nearby urban centers. (bvsalud.org)
  • The strong positive correlation between Google search queries and official data on acute febrile cases suggests that this resource can be used as an indicator of endemic urban arboviruses activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infection by Taenia solium poses a major burden across endemic countries. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • We review the endemic and emerging alpha- and betacoronavirus infections of wildlife, livestock, and companion animals, and provide information on the receptor usage, known hosts, and clinical signs associated with each host for 15 coronaviruses discovered in people and animals. (preprints.org)
  • During an outbreak of dengue virus-type 2 (DENV-2) in 2016-2018, we conducted household-based cluster investigations to identify population-specific risk factors associated with infection and performed entomologic surveillance to determine the relative abundance of Ae. (cdc.gov)
  • Our key goals are to characterize influenza's persistence patterns, its seasonal patterns (or lack thereof), the relationship between influenza circulation and other respiratory viruses, and the symptomatic/asymptomatic nature of influenza epidemics in Vietnam. (mol.ax)
  • To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients in Spain with imported arbovirus infections, we analyzed 22,655 records from a collaborative network for January 2009-December 2018. (cdc.gov)
  • o An Aedes mosquito in the United States bites the infected person during the period of time when the virus can be found in the person's blood, typically only through the first week of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
  • See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
  • Health outcomes potentially related to ZIKV infection were described based on a literature review of published studies on ZIKV infection outcomes and on recent protocols developed and published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for different stages of the life cycle. (scielo.br)
  • The potential of the Health Information System and its underutilization by stakeholders and researchers have been a barrier in diagnosing and reporting ZIKV infection and its complications. (scielo.br)
  • Although the majority of ZIKV infections are asymptomatic, the virus has been associated with congenital birth defects and neurological complications (NC) in adults. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The estimated ZVD reporting rate was 0.013 (95% CrI: 0.004-0.024), and 0.51 (95% CrI: 0.17-0.92) cases of ZIKV-associated NC were estimated to be reported per 10 000 ZIKV infections. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • For example, C. difficile colonization can result in a spectrum of clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic carriage to death. (ukri.org)
  • For acute Q fever, doxycycline is the drug of choice, and 2 weeks of treatment is recommended for adults, children aged ≥8 years, and for severe infections in patients of any age. (medscape.com)
  • Up to 30% of patients treated successfully for symptomatic CDI succumb to recurrent disease, but it is unclear why only some patients relapse. (ukri.org)
  • They may be primary or recurrent infections. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, experimental infections on humans that gave rise to symptoms were described, providing the first recorded proof of pathobiological effects cast by this simian parasite to humans [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The infections of P. knowlesi in humans are considered as accidents in the life cycle of this parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increased frequency of infection among residents with a septic tank suggests a need to investigate whether septic tanks serve as larval habitats for mosquito vectors of DENV in American Samoa. (cdc.gov)
  • Our objective with this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients in Spain with a confirmed diagnosis of imported arbovirus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • A single infection can result in a set of clinical symptoms, a case report in a hospital surveillance system, a genetic sequence, a treatment outcome, an antibody repertoire, and modified social behavior. (mol.ax)
  • The Boni Lab investigates these different data points and data streams with methods at the interface of field, clinical, and computational epidemiology. (mol.ax)
  • Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)
  • Serologic monitoring is recommended following acute Q fever infection to assess possible progression to chronic infection. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-6, which can produce acute infection in CD4 + T lymphocytes, causes roseola infantum , a febrile illness that affects young children. (medscape.com)
  • Factors significantly associated with DENV infection were reporting a febrile illness in the past three months (prevalence ratio: 7.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.9-29.8]) and having a household septic tank (Fisher's Exact Test, p = 0.004). (cdc.gov)
  • An arbovirus survey was conducted at Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil, where 632 local residents, 338 vertebrates and 15,774 pools of hematophagous arthropods were investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • As early as August 2014, physicians in Natal, in northeastern Brazil began to investigate an outbreak of illness characterized by a flat pinkish rash, bloodshot eyes, fever, joint pain and headaches. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viremia occurred 1-30 days post infection (dpi) and the virus showed a predilection for the middle zone (Z2). (bvsalud.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the first Brazilian infections have strongly indicated that the circulating virus is the Asian, rather than African, strain of the virus, and was genetically similar to the virus found in the outbreak in French Polynesia. (wikipedia.org)
  • HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • WNV, an arthropod-borne arbovirus, is primarily transmitted through bites of infected Culex mosquitoes and is the leading cause of domestically acquired arbovirus infections in the United States ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Since the 2009 influenza pandemic, repeated cross-sectional seroepidemiological study designs have become a common way to explore the dynamics of infection, susceptibility, and post-infection antibody responses. (mol.ax)
  • We recently received funding from the Johns Hopkins Center for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) to investigate how antibody profiles change after an influenza infection, and whether broadly-neutralizing antibody to the HA2-stalk region is sufficiently long-lasting for vaccination purposes. (mol.ax)
  • Objective I-A. Expand and coordinate surveillance systems for the early detection, tracking, and evaluation of emerging infections in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Goals and Objectives Goal I Detect, promptly investigate, and monitor emerging pathogens, the diseases they cause, and the factors influencing their emergence. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding geographical variation in age-prevalence profiles and force-of-infection (FoI) estimates will inform intervention designs across settings. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The inferential process reconstructs complete disease dynamics, i.e. the dynamics of symptomatic, subclinical, and asymptomatic influenza infections. (mol.ax)
  • Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes chronic diarrhoea and sometimes life-threatening disease (referred to as C. difficile infection or CDI) mainly in elderly and hospitalized patients. (ukri.org)
  • HHV-2, also known as HSV-2, causes genital herpes and occasionally causes oral disease that is clinically similar to that of HHV-1 infection. (medscape.com)
  • We analyzed characteristics associated with DENV infection in bivariate analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, +Redivi comprises 22 health centers (1 primary care center and 21 hospitals, specialized and not specialized in travel medicine) in 8 regions of Spain that share a common online database in which new cases of imported infections are registered. (cdc.gov)
  • C. difficile is now the most significant hospital acquired infection with over 34,000 UK cases last year and an estimated cost to be £500 million per annum. (ukri.org)
  • HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • This zoonotic parasitic infection is prevalent in Southeast Asia and causes many cases with fulminant pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS AND FINDINGS: We contacted dengue patients who had tested positive for DENV infection and offered them as well as their household members participation in household-based cluster investigations. (cdc.gov)
  • We will investigate the three-way interaction between pathogen, host and microbiota by monitoring a unique group of patients with and without CDI. (ukri.org)
  • PCR, immunohistochemistry, or culture of affected tissue can provide definitive confirmation of infection by Coxiella burnetii. (medscape.com)
  • The recommended schedule for monitoring is based on the patient's risk for chronic infection. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
  • This unique resource will be used to monitor the host response (including how the immune system responds to the infection), determine the complete genome sequence of infecting C. difficile and identify the intestinal microbiota by sequencing and culturing. (ukri.org)
  • MCDPH investigates reports of positive WNV laboratory test results, classifies them according to national case definitions ( 6 ), and regularly communicates with health care providers via a mass notification system (SurvAlert) regarding community health threats. (cdc.gov)
  • Reduction in C. difficile infection (CDI) related morbidity and mortality is a current healthcare imperative. (ukri.org)
  • HHV infections are common in the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • The studies will also allow us to distinguish between re-infection (infection caused by another strain) and relapse (re-infection caused by the same strain). (ukri.org)
  • In 1965, a case of natural infection involving an American traveller returned from peninsular Malaysia was reported [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was followed by another case suspected to be P. knowlesi infection acquired by a researcher from a trip to peninsular Malaysia [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)