AntagonistsNeuronsCarbacholAcetylcholineReceptorsReceptorMuscarinic agonistDopaminergicAnti-inflammatory pathwayNeuronalGlutamatergicHippocampalCevimelinePresynapticModulationNAChRSchizophreniaBasalTherapeuticPartialSlicesNeuralInteractionExertNervesMechanismTreatmentsEffectsStudyIncreaseEffectSystemsFunctionDrugsResponseStudiesSingleDevelopmentShown
Antagonists5
- Effects of acute administration of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic agonists and antagonists on performance in different cost-benefit decision making tasks in rats. (ufl.edu)
- Schizophrenia has been treated for more than 70 years with dopamine receptor antagonists or partial agonists, whose efficacy is thought to be related to a reduction of postsynaptic dopamine transmission. (neurotorium.org)
- Although many different biological pathways are involved in schizophrenia and although multiple mechanisms of pharmacologic interventions for people with schizophrenia have been investigated, all currently approved medications for schizophrenia are antagonists or partial agonists at postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors. (neurotorium.org)
- These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that H2-antagonists act through a cholinergic mechanism to inhibit indirect, sympathetically mediated components of digitalis toxicity. (grantome.com)
- The role of brain histamine in digitalis toxicity will be explored by making intra-cerebroventricular injections of selective histamine receptor agonists, antagonists, and drugs that alter brain histamine levels, and observing the resultant effects upon the arrhythmogenic and lethal doses of ouabain. (grantome.com)
Neurons8
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of intrinsic airway neurons in O3-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. (cdc.gov)
- We used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in in vitro rat brain slices to investigate the effect of adenosine on identified cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata. (nih.gov)
- These results demonstrate that, in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata region of the basal forebrain, adenosine inhibits both cholinergic neurons and a subset of noncholinergic neurons. (nih.gov)
- The modulation of striatal cholinergic neurons by glutamatergic inputs was studied by monitoring the output of acetylcholine collected via a transversal microdialysis probe implanted into the striatum of freely moving rats. (unifi.it)
- These results demonstrate that the activity of the striatal cholinergic neurons receive a differential modulation by glutamatergic inputs, depending on the type of receptor involved. (unifi.it)
- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors tonically activate cholinergic neurons and increase acetylcholine output while non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors indirectly, via a GABAergic link, decrease acetylcholine output. (unifi.it)
- If this mechanism is correct, galantamines effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. (drugcentral.org)
- In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of the α2A nAChR subunit as previous evidence suggested it could be expressed by spinal neurons. (oregonstate.edu)
Carbachol5
- Indeed, the cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol (CCh) (1-100 mu M) concentration-dependently raised IP(3) levels, reaching 66 +/- 5% over basal. (unibs.it)
- In contrast, tianeptine, up to a concentration of 1 microM, failed to antagonise the inhibitory effect of the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol on K(+)-evoked [3H]acetylcholine release. (tianeptine.com)
- The carbachol-induced response is sensitive to atropine, a muscarinic-cholinergic antagonist, but not mecamylamine a nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist, while that of norepinephrine is blocked by the α l adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin, but not the specific α 2 antagonist Rx 781094. (elsevierpure.com)
- The high K + -Krebs solution and the muscarinic cholinergic agonist, carbachol evoked a sustained contraction in normal mice bladder strips. (basicmedicalkey.com)
- The maximum contractile response to the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol is determined as a percent of the maximum contraction to the response induced by the high-K solution. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Acetylcholine7
- These responses could be blocked independently by the application of the muscarinic receptor antagonist hyoscine and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol respectively and could also be mimicked by the application of the agonists acetylcholine (Ach) and noradrenaline (NA). (edu.au)
- Local administration of the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist (S)-alfa-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (50 and 200 μM) decreased acetylcholine output and this effect was reversed by simultaneous perfusion with the GABA antagonist bicuculline (50 μM). (unifi.it)
- In one set of experiments the effect of the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist quisqualate was investigated both on acetylcholine and GABA output from the striatum of the same animal. (unifi.it)
- The inhibitory effect of 7-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-1-piperazinyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline (CGS 12066B), a 5-HT1B receptor agonist, on the stimulation-induced release of [3H]acetylcholine was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by citalopram and tianeptine. (tianeptine.com)
- Experiments will be conducted to evaluate the effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on vagal activity, on responses to electrical stimulation of parasympathetic nerves, and on the direct actions of acetylcholine and related cholinergic stimulants. (grantome.com)
- The agonist ligand nicotine shows an up to 30-fold higher affinity to nACHRs than acetylcholine (ACh). (biomedcentral.com)
- In physiological and behavioral studies, activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been implicated in mediating cholinergic signaling. (oregonstate.edu)
Receptors7
- Via conversion into GABA, progabide behaves as an agonist of the GABAA, GABAB, and GABAA-ρ receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- We have therefore investigated whether the direct intraventricular application of agonists for NE- or muscarinic receptors is able to modulate synaptic plasticity. (elsevierpure.com)
- The role of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate of (IP 3 )-sensitive Ca 2+ channels in Ca 2+ homeostasis maintenance under activation of M-cholinergic receptors and P2Y receptors in the secretory cells of the rat lacrimal gland was investigated. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
- When both M-cholinergic receptors and P2Y receptors were activated Ca 2+ was released from the same IP 3 -sensitive store because the effects of ATP and carbacholine at high concentrations (1 mM/l and 10 µM/l, respectively) on the Ca 2+ content were non-additive. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
- Cevimeline is a cholinergic agonist which binds to muscarinic receptors. (nih.gov)
- Here we investigated the role of muscarinic receptors in mediating cell proliferation in the human UROtsa cell line, which is a widely used experimental model to study urothelium physiology and pathophysiology. (unibs.it)
- To investigate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and GABA receptors within the arcuate nucleus (ARC). (molvis.org)
Receptor8
- In 1987, Bartolini and colleagues reported progabide's actions on dopamine to be contradictory, decreasing dopamine release, dopamine receptor density and postsynaptic receptor responsivity to dopamine while reducing striatal cholinergic activity so as to increase dopaminergic effects. (wikipedia.org)
- GAT107 is an allosteric agonist and positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) of α7 nAChR that can produce persistent activation of this receptor. (listlabs.com)
- On the other hand, the channels are activated by IP 3 , cholinomimetic (carbacholine) and purine receptor agonist (ATP). (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
- Our results suggest that the measurement of agonist-induced [ 3 H]-myo-inositol-1-phosphate accumulation, in the presence of lithium, represents a sensitive method for studying a number of receptor-mediated events in brain. (elsevierpure.com)
- The glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid [21] and the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine [22] are commonly used in SE models. (jle.com)
- Bexarotene (Bxt) is a retinoid-X receptor agonist used in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma with a favorable safety profile whose effects have been recently investigated in other neurodegenerative diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- As an agonist of the retinoic-X receptor (RXR) pathway, Bxt notably increased the nuclear expression of the RXRα throughout transcriptionally active euchromatin domains. (frontiersin.org)
- It is interesting to note that, except for anticonvulsants, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, and corticosteroids, most drugs can be safely tapered over a 4-to-6-week period. (cdc.gov)
Muscarinic agonist1
- Nine alkaloids constitute the active ingredients of betel nut ( Reference Farnworth Farnworth, 1976 ), the most abundant of which is arecoline - a potent muscarinic agonist that rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier and induces a range of parasympathetic effects ( Reference Asthana, Greig and Holloway Asthana et al , 1996 ). (cambridge.org)
Dopaminergic1
- Disequilibria of cholinergic, dopaminergic, and GABA-ergic systems in the basal ganglia are suspected to be involved in the pathophysiology of basal ganglia disease. (neurotree.org)
Anti-inflammatory pathway2
- Our results show that GAT107 can be a useful molecule for harnessing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for long-lasting and wide-ranging modulation and downregulation of neuroinflammation in EAE. (listlabs.com)
- The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway performs an essential position in controlling irritation. (cyphergenomics.com)
Neuronal2
- Adenosine (0.5-100 microM) reduced the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata cholinergic neuronal firing rate by activating an inwardly rectifying potassium current that reversed at -82 mV and was blocked by barium (100 microM). (nih.gov)
- The nAChR is the principal structure of cholinergic neuromodulation and is responsible for coordinated neuronal network interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Glutamatergic1
- Experimentally, SE can be induced by acute systemic exposure to epileptogenic agents, including drugs that block GABAergic inhibition or facilitate glutamatergic or cholinergic excitatory transmission. (jle.com)
Hippocampal1
- The stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by various neurotransmitter agonists was investigated in rat hippocampal slices using a rapid and sensitive radioisotopic method. (elsevierpure.com)
Cevimeline2
- Special Populations: The effects of renal impairment, hepatic impairment, or ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics of cevimeline have not been investigated. (nih.gov)
- Evoxac (cevimeline hydrochloride) is a cholinergic agonist that works by stimulating certain nerves to increase the amount of saliva produced used to treat dry mouth in people with Sjogren's Syndrome. (rxlist.com)
Presynaptic1
- T he interactions of citalopram and tianeptine, two antidepressants having opposite effects on serotonin (5-HT) uptake, with 5-HT1B presynaptic heteroreceptors located on cholinergic terminals were investigated. (tianeptine.com)
Modulation1
- These cholinergic effects may provide a neurobiological mechanism underlying the modulation of visual representations by visual spatial attention. (researchgate.net)
NAChR3
- Our previous studies showed that in encephalitogenic T cells, α7 nAChR expression is upregulated and that activation of the cholinergic system can attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (listlabs.com)
- Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of GAT107 on neuroinflammation in EAE, the animal model used for the study of multiple sclerosis (MS) via α7 nAChR, and the inflammatory pathways involved. (listlabs.com)
- We therefore hypothesize that this molecule could displace the virus from nAChR attachment and pave the way for unimpaired cholinergic signal transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Schizophrenia1
- Progabide has been investigated for many diseases besides epilepsy, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, clinical depression, anxiety disorder and spasticity with various levels of success. (wikipedia.org)
Basal1
- These findings indicated the presence of a functional cholinergic innervation of the ventricles that was capable of reducing the force of contraction below basal levels. (edu.au)
Therapeutic1
- While the precise mechanism of galantamines action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. (drugcentral.org)
Partial1
- Phenylephrine, another α 1 adrenoreceptor agonist produced a partial or submaximal response when compared to norepinephrine. (elsevierpure.com)
Slices1
- Slices were preincubated with [ 3 H]-myo-inositol and the accumulation of [ 3 H]-myo-inositol-1-phosphate induced by various agonists was determined in the presence of 10 mM lithium. (elsevierpure.com)
Neural2
- In other work, we investigate the neural mechanisms of such decision-making processes, and how individual differences in decision-making predict propensity for future drug use. (ufl.edu)
- In developing spinal cord, cholinergic transmission is associated with neural circuits responsible for producing locomotor behaviors. (oregonstate.edu)
Interaction2
- The present work explores the structural and physicochemical changes that CDHA undergoes in contact with physiological fluids and to investigate its interaction with proteins. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
- Studies on the interaction of these compounds with cholinergic mechanisms may provide the key to understanding the way in which they protect against glycoside-induced cardiotoxicity. (grantome.com)
Exert1
- Recent experiments demonstrate that efferent cholinergic tone is essential in order for cimetidine to exert protection against digitalis toxicity. (grantome.com)
Nerves1
- Furthermore, segments of trachea cultured with 3x10-6 M capsaicin for 24h, which completely depletes tachykinins in sensory nerves, did not abolish the 03-enhanced reactivity to cholinergic agonists and EFS. (cdc.gov)
Mechanism2
- The mechanism by which antihistamines protect against digitalis-induced arrhythmias and the role of central histaminergic function in digitalis toxicity will be investigated in guinea pigs. (grantome.com)
- The relationship between underlying mechanism and the neurotransmitter system is a two-way road and it has been investigated during the last decades. (scielo.br)
Treatments1
- Regenerative medicine based on tissue engineering methods has been vigorously investigated to provide effective treatments for severe and/or irreversibly injured urinary tracts. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Effects2
- Pharmacological experiments have suggested that noradregeneric (NE) and/or cholinergic systems might be involved in these effects. (elsevierpure.com)
- The effect of smoking on PD symptoms has also been investigated, showing that smoking reduced the tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and gait disturbances observed in PD, although effects were transient and short lasting. (diff.org)
Study1
- This study investigated the pattern of autonomic innervation of the heart of the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) using isolated cardiac preparations. (edu.au)
Increase1
- Muscarinic agonists in sufficient dosage can increase secretion of exocrine glands, such as salivary and sweat glands and increase tone of the smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. (nih.gov)
Effect1
- 1. The effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on rectal temperature (Tr) of rats during rest and physical exercise and of antipyretics on exercise-induced hyperthermia in rats and rabbits has been investigated. (ijp-online.com)
Systems1
- Finally, the activation of opioidergic and cholinergic systems appears to play a crucial role in (-)-linalool-induced antinociception. (researchgate.net)
Function1
- The ability of cimetidine and ranitidine to augment cholinergic function is suggested in a number of literature reports and will be systematically explored in this project. (grantome.com)
Drugs1
- In some of our work, we investigate how acute and chronic exposure to drugs of abuse affects cognitive and motivational outcomes, with a particular focus on risky and impulsive decision-making processes. (ufl.edu)
Response1
- The latter resulted in a marked amplification of the response to all agonists tested. (elsevierpure.com)
Studies2
- The P2X1 purinoceptor was, in concordance with previous studies, found to be the major contractile subtype, whereas P2Y purinoceptor(s) with different sensitivities to the purinergic agonists ADP/ATP and UDP/UTP were shown to be relaxatory. (gu.se)
- Since the purinoceptors are often mentioned in the context of inflammation, studies were also conducted to investigate the role of purinergic, as well as of cholinergic and nitrergic, blockade in the development of cystitis. (gu.se)
Single1
- investigated ADWEs in a single nursing home in Texas over an 18-month time period and found that 62 nursing home patients experienced a total of 94 ADWEs (mean 0.54 per patient) corresponding to an incidence of 0.32 reactions per patient-month. (cdc.gov)
Development2
- It is well established that cholinergic signaling has critical roles during central nervous system development. (oregonstate.edu)
- Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of genetic animal models to investigate the bidirectional relationship between trait anxiety and defensive reactions. (bvsalud.org)
Shown1
- It was shown that IP 3 -sensitive Ca 2+ channels (IP 3 Rs) of investigated cells are directly inhibited by 2-APB (10 µM/l). (ukrbiochemjournal.org)