GenesSpliceosomal intronsThermostable group II intron reverse transcriptPresence of intronsInterferonExonMRNAMinor spliceosomeMajority of intronsGenomicNucleotideSplice sitesSequenceProteinsSelf splicinExons and intronsRetentionSequencesSpliceosomeGenomeSkipping of exonsBiotechnologyHypothesisTranscriptEvolutionaryNucleotidesHighly conservedAlternative SplicingAdditionallyCatalyticArabidopsisProliferationPersistenceEukaryotic genomesTranscriptsUnidirectionalProteinAdjacentSpeciesMutationsAtypicalMutationDeletionGiardiaHumansEukaryotesPromoterLineagesGroupRegulatoryMolecularDonorGeneticBacterialInversionCodonsVariationStability
Genes24
- Genes themselves consist of protein-coding exons and non-coding introns. (jove.com)
- Given that the minor spliceosome is ubiquitously expressed, we hypothesized that these restricted phenotypes might be caused by the tissue-specific regulation of the minor spliceosome targets, i.e. minor intron-containing genes (MIGs). (biomedcentral.com)
- Splicing of introns is required for the expression of most eukaryotic genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- In these minor intron-containing genes (MIGs), the majority of introns are usually spliced by the major spliceosome, with only one or two introns being spliced by the minor spliceosome. (biomedcentral.com)
- The few introns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (only 0.05 per gene on average) show a previously mysterious bias towards ribosomal protein genes (0.74 introns per ribosomal gene). (biomedcentral.com)
- showed that introns in ribosomal protein genes, but not introns in other genes, are inefficiently spliced under aminoacid starvation, resulting in reduced production of protein-encoding spliced transcripts and thus presumably inhibiting ribosome formation and overall protein translation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most of eukaryotic genes are interrupted by introns that need to be removed from pre-mRNAs before they can perform their function. (ijbs.com)
- Insect genes that harbor U12-type introns belong to several functional categories among which proteins binding ions and nucleic acids are enriched and these few categories are also overrepresented among these genes that preserved minor type introns in Diptera . (ijbs.com)
- Most eukaryotic protein coding genes are intervened by non-coding sequences called introns ( Int ervening r egi ons ) [ 1 ], which are being removed from the primary transcript in the process of splicing [ 2 - 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
- The presence of non-coding introns is a characteristic feature of most eukaryotic genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- While the size of the introns, number of introns per gene and the number of intron-containing genes can vary greatly between sequenced eukaryotic genomes, the structure of a gene with reference to intron presence and positions is typically conserved in closely related species. (biomedcentral.com)
- We report that the positions of minor, U12 introns are conserved in orthologous genes from human and Arabidopsis to an even greater extent than the positions of the major, U2 introns. (biomedcentral.com)
- The U12 introns, especially, conserved ones are concentrated in 5'-portions of plant and animal genes, where the U12 to U2 conversions occurs preferentially in the 3'-portions of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Probable orthologs were identified among human and Arabidopsis genes containing U12 introns by BLAST comparison, and the intron positions were mapped onto aligned protein sequences as previously described ([ 16 ] and Additional file 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
- Although the widespread proliferation of introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes remains one of the most poorly understood aspects of genomic architecture, major advances have emerged recently from large-scale genome sequencing projects and functional analyses of mRNA-processing events. (elsevierpure.com)
- Why are introns present in eukaryotic monocistronic genes? (bankofbiology.com)
- Introns are often present in eukaryotic monocistronic genes, and their presence is important for several reasons, despite the term "monocistronic" referring to a gene with a single protein-coding region. (bankofbiology.com)
- Mutations within introns can occur without affecting the protein-coding regions of genes. (bankofbiology.com)
- Introns can act as a protective barrier for the protein-coding regions (exons) of genes. (bankofbiology.com)
- In monocistronic genes, as well as in multiexon genes, introns contribute to the complexity and diversity of gene expression and protein products. (bankofbiology.com)
- Their removal and splicing are highly regulated processes, and the presence of introns in monocistronic genes provides an additional layer of control and flexibility in gene expression. (bankofbiology.com)
- From this paper, it is stated that some introns may contain genes coding for miRNA, miRNA is essential in regulating gene expression by pairing with RNA, hence disrupting regular translation. (stackexchange.com)
- How do ribonucleases sense the presence of miRNA genes in introns, hence not breaking them down, what is the mechanism for that? (stackexchange.com)
- By the same mechanism as the many microRNAs transcribed from the DNA using their own promoters rather than from the promoters of the genes containing the introns in which some occur. (stackexchange.com)
Spliceosomal introns5
- Coding sequences in eukaryotic genomes are frequently interrupted by spliceosomal introns, regions of noncoding DNA that are removed from pre-mRNA transcripts by the spliceosome, a complex of five RNAs and hundreds of proteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- No general function for spliceosomal introns has been demonstrated, and both their absence from prokaryotes and the recurrent massive loss of introns in various eukaryotic lineages suggests that no such essential function may exist. (biomedcentral.com)
- Depending on whether the splicing process is autonomous or occurs through a riboprotein complex (the spliceosome ), a distinction is made between self-splicing and spliceosomal introns. (zxc.wiki)
- Evidence supports the idea that spliceosomal introns were not only present in the stem eukaryote but diverged into at least two distinct classes very early in eukaryotic evolution. (elsevierpure.com)
- Lynch, M & Richardson, AO 2002, ' The evolution of spliceosomal introns ', Current Opinion in Genetics and Development , vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 701-710. (elsevierpure.com)
Thermostable group II intron reverse transcript2
- In this dissertation, I begin with evaluating the usage of thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase end-to-end template-switching activities in rapid preparations of strand-specific, low bias RNA sequencing libraries for the Illumina short-read sequencing platform. (utexas.edu)
- Thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase (TGIRTTM) enzymes and methods for their use are the subject of patents and patent applications that have been licensed by the University of Texas at Austin and East Tennessee State University to InGex, LLC. (cdc.gov)
Presence of introns2
- The presence of introns is known to enhance the level of gene expression as splicing is known to promote rapid and efficient mRNA export. (invivogen.com)
- First, the demonstrated inefficiency of splicing suggests that the presence of introns is even more disadvantageous to general fitness than previously appreciated. (biomedcentral.com)
Interferon3
- Intron A (Interferon alfa-2b, recombinant) is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon, with both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. (centerwatch.com)
- Intron A is the brand name of a medicine called interferon alpha which is used in the treatment of Chronic Active Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Other medicine used in Hepatitis B is lamivudin 100 mg. (ndtv.com)
- The information above is provided by third parties to Prescriptionpoint.com for Intron A (Interferon Alfa-2B). (prescriptionpoint.com)
Exon5
- A guanosine cofactor docks onto an active G-binding site and hydrolyses the phosphodiester bond at the splice site located in P1, resulting in a free hydroxyl group at the upstream exon and the guanosine cofactor being attached to the 5-prime end of the intron. (yeastgenome.org)
- This process is often disrupted in cancer cells, resulting in exon skipping and/or intron inclusion. (imb.de)
- First, FUBP1 stabilises the binding of other splicing proteins to the 3' splice site, helping the cell to recognise the correct exon-intron boundary. (imb.de)
- Whether a sequence is recognized as an intron or an exon during splicing depends on the sequence. (zxc.wiki)
- Lack of microhomology in the exon upstream of lost phase I introns was likely due to release of the selective constraint on the penultimate base (3rd base in codon) of the terminal codon by the splicing machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNA14
- Introns are excised once the sequence is transcribed to mRNA, leaving only exons to code for proteins. (jove.com)
- These results demonstrate that the interaction between the first and last intron nucleotides is a conserved feature of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing in yeast and is involved in the mechanism of 3' splice site selection. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Splicing is an essential step of mRNA maturation in eukaryotes, during which the non-coding introns are cut out of the pre-mRNA and the coding exons are joined together, creating a mature mRNA. (imb.de)
- Splicing is a complex, multistep process involving hundreds of proteins: some are responsible for recognising the splice sites, while others stabilise the binding of the spliceosome to the mRNA or cut out the introns and join the exons. (imb.de)
- The biological functions of intron retention (IR) and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in filamentous fungi is lack of study, let alone their roles in cellulase biosynthesis. (researchsquare.com)
- In multicellular organisms, a pre-mRNA is composed of exons intervened with introns. (researchsquare.com)
- The interspersed introns can be removed through a large multiprotein splicing complex (the spliceosome) to yield the mature mRNA. (researchsquare.com)
- In intron retention (IR), introns that are supposed to be spliced appear in mature mRNA and subsequently participate in the translation process. (researchsquare.com)
- Introns are transcribed , but then from the pre-mRNA spliced out before them for translation from the nucleus is removed funneled. (zxc.wiki)
- The self-splicing introns ( ribozymes ), which remove themselves from the mRNA, play a special role. (zxc.wiki)
- Introns can be spliced out of the primary transcript (pre-mRNA) in various ways to produce different mature mRNA isoforms. (bankofbiology.com)
- Our knowledge of the details of digestion of excised introns by RNase is sketchy, but it may be better to consider the situation in terms of competition between two types of RNA-binding proteins for the small RNAs (and even mRNA). (stackexchange.com)
- What happens to the cut-out introns from a pre-mRNA? (stackexchange.com)
- The DNA sequence of this gene is identical to the sequence of its mRNA and is devoid of introns. (elsevierpure.com)
Minor spliceosome2
- Regardless, mis-splicing of these few minor introns can have detrimental consequences, as highlighted by diseases caused by mutation in minor spliceosome components. (biomedcentral.com)
- U12-type introns, minor spliceosome, insect evolution. (ijbs.com)
Majority of introns1
- The major (U2) spliceosome removes majority of introns, while minute fraction of intron repertoire is processed by the minor (U12) spliceosome. (ijbs.com)
Genomic6
- pINFUSE-Fc is a family of pFUSE-Fc plasmids featuring genomic Fc regions with introns. (invivogen.com)
- The very short lengths of the introns in Paramecium also suggest a minor role, at most, in genomic stability, chromatin structure or in promoting recombination - other proposed advantages of introns. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recently, recurrent genomic rearrangements in intron 1 of TP53 have been described in osteosarcoma (OS), a highly malignant neoplasm of bone belonging to the spectrum of LFS tumors. (oncotarget.com)
- Evolutionary loss and gain of introns in genomic sequence data may provide a mechanism by which organisms diversify gene expression and gene function. (biomedcentral.com)
- A signature of genomic deletion of introns via NHEJ is the presence of 2-8 bp of micro-homology. (biomedcentral.com)
- The U12 introns were mapped onto the genomic sequences yielding 570 human and 182 Arabidopsis U12 validated intron positions available for comparative analysis (Additional file 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleotide2
- Moreover, the natural 3' splice site could be reactivated by a G to C substitution of the last intron nucleotide. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Minimum intron size accepted in nucleotide. (readthedocs.io)
Splice sites5
- The NetGene2 server uses a neural network combined with a rule-based system to predict intron splice sites in Arabidopsis thaliana , Caenorhabditis elegans and humans. (biomedcentral.com)
- Richmond, T. Prediction of intron splice sites. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additionally, FUBP1 helps promote pairing of splice sites across introns, thereby encouraging spliceosome formation. (imb.de)
- Second, FUBP1 helps promote the pairing of splice sites on either side of long introns, bridging them to facilitate the subsequent catalytic steps of cutting out the introns and joining exons. (imb.de)
- If DSB repair occurs through microhomology between splice sites, intron removal via NHEJ will be precise [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence4
- The challenge for ID/creationists in this thread is to explain the divergence of exons and introns as measured by sequence comparisons between species. (evcforum.net)
- The vast majority of intron sequence lacks any known function. (evcforum.net)
- Why is there more sequence conservation in the exons as compared to the introns? (evcforum.net)
- If introns are efficiently removed from transcripts before they are exported for translation, they should not respect coding meanings: whether or not an intron sequence contains a termination codon or a frameshift should be determined by chance. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins3
- Particularly interesting are (1) ions proximal to the active site, which may participate in splicing together with the catalytic four-metal-ion center, (2) organic ions that bind regions predicted to interact with intron-encoded proteins, and (3) unusual monovalent ions bound to GU wobble pairs, GA mismatches, the S-turn, the tetraloop-receptor, and the T-loop. (nih.gov)
- Since this RNA will be used to generate proteins, exons are denoted as coding regions, whereas introns are another example of non-coding material. (jove.com)
- Introns play a role in the alternative splicing of a gene, so that a gene can produce several proteins that differ in sections. (zxc.wiki)
Self splicin1
- Ferat, J.-L. & Michel, F. Group II self splicing introns in bacteria. (nature.com)
Exons and introns1
Retention8
- Our results provide better understanding on intron retention, the NMD pathway, and cellulase production mechanism in filamentous fungi. (researchsquare.com)
- We then sought to address specificity of MIG expression, minor intron retention, and alternative splicing (AS) across mouse and human tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- We then analyzed the RNAseq data from eleven different mouse tissues, which revealed tissue-specific MIG expression and minor intron retention. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, like the major introns, we found that these AS events were more prevalent in long minor introns, while retention was favoured in shorter introns. (biomedcentral.com)
- Abiotic Stresses Modulate Landscape of Poplar Transcriptome via Alternative Splicing, Differential Intron Retention, and Isoform Ratio Switching. (oregonstate.edu)
- Our findings demonstrate that abiotic stresses profoundly perturb transcript isoform profiles and trigger widespread intron retention (IR) events. (oregonstate.edu)
- Stress treatments often increased or decreased retention of specific introns - a phenomenon described here as differential intron retention (DIR). (oregonstate.edu)
- We identify increased intron retention (IR) as a dominant feature of the splicing programme during early neural differentiation. (crick.ac.uk)
Sequences1
- By a bioinformatics analysis of intron sequences in other eukaryotes, the authors conclude that such splicing inefficiency is likely to be widespread, at least for short introns. (biomedcentral.com)
Spliceosome3
- Here we show that minor intron splicing and AS across minor introns is a highly organised process that might be regulated in coordination with the major spliceosome in a tissue-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
- While introns from the first three groups undergo self-splicing, the latter endure splicing with the aid of complex machinery called spliceosome. (ijbs.com)
- These introns must be cut out through the spliceosome. (zxc.wiki)
Genome4
- Julian says, "Long introns comprise over 80% of the introns in the human genome, but they are particularly difficult to splice and require more complex regulation. (imb.de)
- Therefore, we first wanted to revisit the classification of minor introns in light of the most recent reference genome. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using whole-genome sequencing of OS, we found features of TP53 intron 1 rearrangements suggesting a unique mechanism correlated with transcription. (oncotarget.com)
- While introns were once considered non-functional "junk" DNA, it's now clear that they have multiple functional roles in gene regulation and genome evolution. (bankofbiology.com)
Skipping of exons1
Biotechnology2
- Basilea Pharmaceutica and iNtRON Biotechnology have signed an exclusive evaluation license and option agreement for the potential first-in-class clinical-stage antibacterial agent, tonabacase. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
- With our PCR Premix Kits from iNtRON Biotechnology, you can achieve sensitive, reliable PCR with high efficiency. (bocascientific.com)
Hypothesis4
- Cavalier-Smith, T. Intron phylogeny: A new hypothesis. (nature.com)
- One common hypothesis is that introns impose only a small (or no) burden, and so are tolerated in many lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
- These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the high level of conservation of U12 intron positions and their persistence in genomes despite the unidirectional U12 to U2 conversion are explained by the role of the slowly excised U12 introns in down-regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Some rough estimates of intron turnover rates are provided, and a testable hypothesis for the origin of new introns is proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
Transcript3
- However, subsequent processes remove introns from this transcript. (jove.com)
- Introns can be located at almost any point in the transcript, even in the middle of a block of three that functions as a codon in translation. (zxc.wiki)
- Semiquantitative PCR showed that the M. guttatus ABCB1 gene copy without intron 7 had significantly lower transcript levels than the gene copy with intron 7. (biomedcentral.com)
Evolutionary5
- Thus there is strong evolutionary selection against 'read-through' introns that could be translated into protein. (biomedcentral.com)
- We investigated twenty insect genomes in order to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of U12-type introns. (ijbs.com)
- Although U12-type introns are highly conserved in specific lineages, they do undergo some evolutionary changes, for instance intron deletion or spliceosomal type switching [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
- In the episode Genesis (7x19) of the science fiction series Spaceship Enterprise: The Next Century , introns are presented as genetic evolutionary "remnants" that carry the genetic information of archetypes of species. (zxc.wiki)
- However, the overall level of conservation of U12 introns between plants and animals, and hence the depth of the evolutionary conservation of U12 introns is not known. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleotides2
- The BPS of U2-type introns is usually located 18-40 nucleotides upstream of the 3' splice site, in contrast to the U12-type introns, where it is restricted to 12-15 nucleotides [ 8 , 11 - 12 , 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
- From this answer, it is stated that introns are broken down and the nucleotides will be recycled by ribonucleases. (stackexchange.com)
Highly conserved1
- We further demonstrated that intron 7 carried two motifs that were highly conserved across the monocot-dicot divide. (biomedcentral.com)
Alternative Splicing1
- Unraveling the mechanism of recognition of the 3' splice site of the adenovirus major late promoter intron by the alternative splicing factor PUF60. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally2
- Additionally, many minor introns were efficiently spliced compared to their flanking major introns. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additionally, U12-type introns lack a polypyrimidine tract between the BPS and the 3′ splice site. (ijbs.com)
Catalytic2
- Then the terminal guanosine of the intron occupies the G-binding site to organize the second ester-transfer reaction leading to the ligation of the adjacent upstream and downstream exons and release of the catalytic intron. (yeastgenome.org)
- In addition to these catalytic ions, group II introns bind many other structural ions, including delocalized ions that bind the RNA diffusively and well-ordered ions that bind the RNA tightly with high occupancy. (nih.gov)
Arabidopsis1
- We analyzed the available data on U12 introns in human and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes in order to systematically compare their conservation with that of U2 introns. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation1
- This striking inefficiency deepens the mystery of the proliferation and persistence of introns. (biomedcentral.com)
Persistence1
- We present a model in which the flexibility in protein-DNA interactions allows I-TevI to bind variant intronless alleles to promote intron mobility while facilitating its function in autorepression, and thereby persistence in its host. (rcsb.org)
Eukaryotic genomes1
- Introns are a characteristic and common feature in eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcripts2
- To investigate coordinated dynamics of intron-containing transcripts in the study we quantified absolute copy number of isoforms of two conserved transcription factors (TFs) using Droplet Digital PCR. (oregonstate.edu)
- By knocking down a component of the NMD machinery, they revealed the intrinsic low efficiency of splicing for many introns and the essential role of NMD in preventing translation of the resulting unspliced transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Unidirectional1
- Because of the stronger signal constrain at the 5´ SS of U12-type introns, this process is believed to be unidirectional, as switching intron type from U2 to U12 would require too many concurrent changes [ 7 , 14 , 16 ]. (ijbs.com)
Protein3
- Among them a promoter, exons, introns, and regulatory elements, which together help to determine protein expression in a cell. (jove.com)
- The introns are clipped out of the immature RNA molecule and are not translated into protein. (evcforum.net)
- The SFPQ protein binds extensively to its retained intron, exhibits lower nuclear abundance in VCP mutant cultures and is lost from nuclei of MNs in mouse models and human sporadic ALS. (crick.ac.uk)
Adjacent1
Species4
- How does ID/creationism explain this pattern where introns and exons diverge as we move through these species? (evcforum.net)
- This intensifies the central mystery of eukaryotic gene structure: why did so many costly introns with no apparent function arise in the first place, and why are they retained in such a diverse array of species? (biomedcentral.com)
- All introns in ABCB1 underwent either a one-time loss (single loss in one lineage/species) or multiple independent losses (parallel loss in two or more lineages/species) with the majority of losses occurring within the grass family. (biomedcentral.com)
- Intron 7, the longest intron, was lost in only a single species, Mimulus guttatus , following duplication of ABCB1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations2
- It has been suggested that a few mutations in the donor SS of U12-type intron may change the intron type to the major one. (ijbs.com)
- Over time, these mutations can lead to changes in gene regulation or the emergence of new functional elements within the introns. (bankofbiology.com)
Atypical1
- The U12-type introns were discovered in the early 1990s thanks to atypical splice site (SS) dinucleotides AT-AC [ 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
Mutation2
- We revisited a four-generation LFS family where no TP53 mutation had been identified and found a 445 kb inversion spanning from the TP53 intron 1 towards the centromere. (oncotarget.com)
- In light of recent findings on the molecular natural history of splicing, various aspects of the phylogenetic and physical distributions of introns can now be interpreted in a theoretical framework that jointly considers the population-genetic roles of mutation, random genetic drift, and natural selection. (elsevierpure.com)
Deletion2
- This is mostly the result of intron deletion, but in a number of dipteral cases, minor type introns were switched to a major type, as well. (ijbs.com)
- Two main mechanisms for intron loss have been proposed, that is reverse transcription (RT)-mediated intron loss and intron deletion triggered by repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). (biomedcentral.com)
Giardia1
- A spliceosomal intron in Giardia lamblia . (nature.com)
Humans1
- Rates of intron loss have been calibrated in humans at 4-5 × 10 −10 per intron per year by Roy and Gilbert [ 5 ] and 4.28 × 10 −13 by Coulombe-Huntington and Majewski [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotes2
- Many eukaryotes have reduced genomes with few introns. (biomedcentral.com)
- Many eukaryotes possess two separate spliceosomal systems that process separate sets of introns. (ijbs.com)
Promoter1
- This site is an operator that overlaps the T4 late promoter, which drives I-TevI expression from within the td intron. (rcsb.org)
Lineages1
- The minor spliceosomal system has been lost independently in some lineages, while in some others few U12-type introns persist. (ijbs.com)
Group13
- Lambowitz, A. M. & Zimmerly, S. Mobile group II introns. (nature.com)
- Self-splicing ribozymal RNA Group I intron splicing factor for mitochondrial introns. (yeastgenome.org)
- Metal ions promote both RNA folding and catalysis, thus being essential in stabilizing the structure and determining the function of large RNA molecules, including group II introns. (nih.gov)
- Here, we compare crystal structures of the group IIC intron from Oceanobacillus iheyensis and classify numerous site-bound ions, which are primarily localized in the intron core and near long-range tertiary contacts. (nih.gov)
- Certain ion-binding sites resemble motifs observed in known RNA structures, while others are idiosyncratic to the group II intron. (nih.gov)
- Here, we describe a novel, high-affinity binding site for I-TevI endonuclease, encoded within the group I td intron of phage T4. (rcsb.org)
- The splicing of group II and nuclear pre-mRNAs introns occurs via a similar splicing pathway and some of the RNA-RNA interactions involved in these splicing reactions show structural similarities. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Recently, genetic analyses performed in a group II intron and the yeast nuclear actin gene suggested that non Watson-Crick interactions between intron boundaries are important for the second splicing step efficiency in both classes of introns. (unboundmedicine.com)
- As we can see, there is a lot of similarity between human and rhesus introns, but as we get to frogs and fish towards the bottom of the group the only similarities we find are in the exons. (evcforum.net)
- Group II intron reverse transcriptases from bacterial thermophiles have high fidelity, processivity and thermostability. (utexas.edu)
- With these properties, thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptases are thought to be more advantageous in different biotechnological applications, such as RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, than widely- adopted retroviral reverse transcriptases. (utexas.edu)
- By comparing RNA sequencing results from thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptases to that of other widely-adopted commercially-available RNA-seq kits, I demonstrated that this method provided a more accurate and comprehensive measurement of RNA expressions in biological samples. (utexas.edu)
- The research groups of Julian König and Katja Luck (Institute of Molecular Biology, IMB, Mainz, Germany), together with the group of Michael Sattler (Institute of Structural Biology and Technical University of Munich, Germany) have discovered that the proto-oncogene FUBP1 has a previously unknown function as a core splicing component at long introns. (imb.de)
Regulatory2
- In addition to size, the presence of regulatory motifs will make introns recalcitrant to loss. (biomedcentral.com)
- Introns can contain regulatory elements, such as enhancers and silencers, which play a role in controlling the expression of the gene. (bankofbiology.com)
Molecular1
- Through careful molecular and computational analysis, the researchers discovered that FUBP1 has two key roles in regulating the splicing of long introns. (imb.de)
Donor1
- U12-type introns can be flanked by different terminal dinucleotides indicating that the donor and acceptor sites are degenerate [ 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
Genetic2
- Also in the series Outer Limits - The Unknown Dimension , introns are a topic in the episode Genetic Message (3x12). (zxc.wiki)
- Introns can serve as a source of genetic diversity and evolution. (bankofbiology.com)
Bacterial1
- Therefore, iNtRON is developing a phage-based vaccine platform along with the existing focus area, bacteriophage and endolysin (including itLysin) development for bacterial infectious diseases. (intodeworld.com)
Inversion1
- Intron 22 inversion (inv22) may account for 45% of all cases of severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia A is underdiagnosed in South Africa (SA), and owing to limited resources the genotypes of most haemophilia A patients are unknown.Objectives. (bvsalud.org)
Codons1
- Moreover, those without a frameshift are twice as likely as frameshifting introns to have in-frame stop codons. (biomedcentral.com)
Variation1
- Unexpectedly, the ABCB1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1) gene which encodes a P-glycoprotein and underlies dwarfing traits in maize ( br2 ), sorghum ( dw3 ) and pearl millet ( d2 ) displayed considerable variation in intron composition. (biomedcentral.com)
Stability1
- With high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility, iNtRON premix kits will greatly improve your PCR applications. (bocascientific.com)