• We have revealed that even in humans , activated intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) enhances tubular sodium reabsorption to facilitate salt sensitivity and nondipper rhythm of blood pressure (BP), and that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) could increase daytime urinary sodium excretion rate (UNaV) to produce lower sodium balance and restore nondipper rhythm. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the sympathetic nervous system and intrarenal dopaminergic system can also contribute to renal sodium handling. (bvsalud.org)
  • This was attributable to intrarenal RAAS and dopaminergic system and impaired parasympathetic nerve activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • During the acute phase of ARB treatment , cooperative effects of ARB and intrarenal dopaminergic system exert natriuresis to restore circadian BP rhythm. (bvsalud.org)
  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several types of drugs which includes ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and renin inhibitors that interrupt different steps in this system to improve blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Renin-angiotensin system is stimulated. (slideserve.com)
  • Background - Pharmacological interruption of the renin-angiotensin system focuses on optimization of blockade. (eur.nl)
  • These results indicate that aliskiren may provide more complete and thus more effective blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. (eur.nl)
  • She has been using molecular physiology approaches to study how the molecule (pro)renin receptor and the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system regulate sodium transport in the renal tubule, systemic blood pressure, and kidney function. (utah.edu)
  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Ongoing investigation into the relationship between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the progression of diabetic renal disease has persisted for the past two decades. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Renin-angiotensin system expression in rat bone marrow haematopoietic and stromal cells. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Novel aspects of the renal renin-angiotensin system: angiotensin-(1-7), ACE2 and blood pressure regulation. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Oxidative stress and glomerular filtration barrier injury: role of the renin-angiotensin system in the Ren2 transgenic rat. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Addressing the theoretical and clinical advantages of combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: antihypertensive effects and benefits beyond BP control. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on renal angiotensin-(1-7) forming enzymes and receptors. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and proinflammatory mediators in cardiovascular disease. (wakehealth.edu)
  • In type 1 diabetes (T1D), adjuvant treatment with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which dilate the efferent arteriole, is associated with prevention of progressive albuminuria and renal dysfunction. (jci.org)
  • 4. Preliminary evidence for the existence of an intra-renal renin-angiotensin system has been presented. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • We have previously reported that activation of intra-renal renin-angiotensin system was a major contributing factor for renal injury in chronically NOS-inhibited rats. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The favorable effects may be directly related to the nutrition therapy itself, or may be indirectly related to the suppression of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. (shsmu.edu.cn)
  • The mechanism does not involve intrarenal uric acid crystal deposition and appears to involve activation of the renin angiotensin system and inhibition of intrarenal nitric oxide production. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • We confirm that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system assessed by urinary angiotensinogen/creatinine is upregulated in offspring of rats fed a 6% protein diet rats compared to 20% controls. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Changes in cardiac output, alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, changes in intra-renal hemodynamics, changes in the structure of the glomerulus, and adaptive changes in the kidney (decrease kidney-to-body weight ratio) are all possible causes of renal dysfunction caused by thyroid function [8]. (edu.pk)
  • It has also been suggested that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may be affected in some patients with depression [7], and in some with anxiety. (depanxietyjournal.com)
  • It is evident that both cyclosporine and tacrolimus can cause renal and systemic vasoconstriction through increased release of endothelin-1, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, increased production of thromboxane A 2 , and decreased production of vasodilators such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How exciting it is to see a field so well established as the ren- angiotensin system continue to grow and mature. (nshealth.ca)
  • International Workshop on the Local Cardiac Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (3rd : 2008 : New Orleans, La. (nshealth.ca)
  • Several important subsequent findings demonstrated that angiotensin I1 promoted the release of the adrenal corticosteroid from that gland, thereby resulting in a larger system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. (nshealth.ca)
  • 2. Newer Insights into the Biochemical Physiology of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Role of Angiotensin-(1-7), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, and Angiotensin-(1-12) -- 3. (nshealth.ca)
  • Novel Aspects of the Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System -- 9. (nshealth.ca)
  • Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Hypertensive Heart Disease -- 15. (nshealth.ca)
  • The data generated support the hypothesis that there is a relationship between these two arms of the renin angiotensin system and that angiotensin (1-7) may have a counter-regulatory action on angiotensin II signalling. (ucc.ie)
  • They also serve to regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling reabsorption of water and maintaining intravascular volume. (medscape.com)
  • We know that the renin-angiotensin system is found in many tissues, including heart, brain, vascular and renal tissues. (cvpharmacology.com)
  • Involvement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in calcium oxalate crystal induced activation of NADPH oxidase and renal cell injury. (ac.ir)
  • The RAS consists of two counterregulatory axes, divided into the conventional axis and includes angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R), and the nonconventional axis composed of Ang1-7 ACE2, Ang II type 2 receptor (AT 2 R), and Mas receptor (MasR) [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Increased expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in conjunction with reduction of neointima by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. (wakehealth.edu)
  • In contrast, neither ED-1 counts nor RANTES mRNA expression were affected by angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor antagonist. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Intracellular Accumulation and Nuclear Trafficking of Angiotensin II and the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor -- 5. (nshealth.ca)
  • When renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the precursor prorenin (already present in the blood) into renin and secrete it directly into the circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The decapeptide is known as angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to an octapeptide, angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is thought to be found mainly in endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the body, within the lungs and the epithelial cells of the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the kidneys, angiotensin II constricts glomerular arterioles, having a greater effect on efferent arterioles than afferent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both CSA and CSA-OA treated rats had increased renin and decreased NOS1 and NOS3 in their kidneys, and these changes are more evident in CSA-OA treated rats. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • This vasoconstrictor is formed by the proteolytic action of renin (released by the kidneys) acting on circulating angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). (cvpharmacology.com)
  • Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone , which acts on the kidneys to increase sodium and water reabsorption, leading to increased blood volume and arterial pressure. (cvpharmacology.com)
  • Renal and systemic hemodynamic function was measured before and after exogenous RAAS stimulation by intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (ANGII) in 75 patients with prolonged T1D durations and in equal numbers of nondiabetic controls. (jci.org)
  • The RAAS prevents low blood pressure (BP) by means of a coordinated effect of the hormones angiotensin and renin. (depanxietyjournal.com)
  • In two models of partial renal IR with and without ischemia preconditioning (IPC) and using Mas receptor (MasR) blockade, A779 or its vehicle, the renal vascular responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) administration in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats were determined. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, the rate-limiting enzyme renin was released from the kidney and catalyzed a biochemical cascade which was eventually shown to produce the elevated arterial pressure. (nshealth.ca)
  • The intrarenal angiotensin (1-7) infusion in the non-clipped kidney 2K1C group, where the endogenous cortical angiotensin (1-7) levels and AT1 receptor expression were increased, without changes to renal angiotensin II or mas receptor expression, elicited an anti-diuresis/anti-natriuresis. (ucc.ie)
  • Promote renal excretion of sodium and water ( natriuretic and diuretic effects) by blocking the effects of angiotensin II in the kidney, blocking angiotensin II stimulation of aldosterone secretion, and by blocking angiotensin II stimulated ADH release. (cvpharmacology.com)
  • By reducing the effects of angiotensin II on the kidney, ACE inhibitors cause natriuresis and diuresis , which decreases blood volume and cardiac output, lowering arterial pressure. (cvpharmacology.com)
  • Role of angiotensin II in cardiovascular disease therapeutic implications of more than a century of research. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Primary role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in cardiac production of angiotensin-(1-7) in transgenic Ren-2 hypertensive rats. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The discovery of a local intrarenal RAS provides a rationale for investigating the components of RAS, specifically Angiotensin II (AngII) in the diabetic setting. (eurekaselect.com)
  • To test this hypothesis, we used adenine-induced CKD rats and angiotensin II (AngII)-induced HK-2 and NRK-49F cells. (harvard.edu)
  • Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Angiotensin II AT1 receptors regulate ACE2 and angiotensin-(1-7) expression in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Angiotensin II constricts arteries and veins by binding to AT 1 receptors on the smooth muscle, which are coupled to a Gq-protein and the IP 3 signal transduction pathway . (cvpharmacology.com)
  • Protection from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by systemic lentiviral delivery of ACE2 in rats. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Injections of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor MLN4760 into nucleus tractus solitarii reduce baroreceptor reflex sensitivity for heart rate control in rats. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Divergent regulation of circulating and intrarenal renin-angiotensin systems in response to long-term blockade. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Angiotensin IV also has adrenocortical and vasopressor activities Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide that causes blood vessels to narrow, resulting in increased blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiotensin II has a variety of effects on the body:[citation needed] Throughout the body, angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor of arterioles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the enzyme renin acted upon its protein substrate, produced in the liver, to liberate the decapeptide angiotensin I which, upon circulating through the pulmonary circulation, finally produced the potent octapeptide angiotensin. (nshealth.ca)
  • citation needed] If the perfusion of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney's macula densa decreases, then the juxtaglomerular cells (granular cells, modified pericytes in the glomerular capillary) release the enzyme renin. (wikipedia.org)
  • To do this, angiotensin II constricts efferent arterioles, which forces blood to build up in the glomerulus, increasing glomerular pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3. On perfusion through the renal trunk preparation, arginine vasotocin and angiotensin II caused a significant glomerular antidiuresis and decreases in the tubular transport maxima for glucose and perfusate flow in trunks from both SW and 85% SW acclimated fish. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril caused a significant glomerular diuresis and an increase in transport maxima for glucose in SW-acclimated preparations. (st-andrews.ac.uk)
  • In the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR), where, endogenous renal angiotensin II levels, angiotensin (1-7) levels, and mas receptor expression were similar to normotensive controls, intrarenal angiotensin (1-7) infusion caused a diuresis/natriuresis, the magnitude of which was similar between normotensive and SHR groups. (ucc.ie)
  • Together, these studies demonstrated that the intrarenal infusion of exogenous angiotensin (1-7) could elicit altered acute renal excretory responses under various hypertensive conditions. (ucc.ie)
  • Angiotensin II acts as an endocrine, autocrine/paracrine, and intracrine hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathophysiologic Implications of Cell Swelling in the Failing Heart: Influence of Intracrine and Extracellular Renin-Angiotensin Systems -- 6. (nshealth.ca)
  • Intracrine Function from Angiotensin to Stem Cells -- 10. (nshealth.ca)
  • Then, it is rapidly degraded into a heptapeptide called angiotensin III by angiotensinases which are present in red blood cells and vascular beds in many tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reduced circulating levels of angiotensin-(1--7) in systemic sclerosis: a new pathway in the dysregulation of endothelial-dependent vascular tone control. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the pathological process of vascular structures, including renal glomeruli by hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic direct effects. (koreamed.org)
  • Upregulation of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor (agtr2) Attenuates Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation and Enhances Apoptosis in the LDL Receptor Knockout Mice Fed High Cholesterol Diet -- 16. (nshealth.ca)
  • Sodium balance, circadian BP rhythm, heart rate variability, and intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and dopaminergic systems in acute phase of ARB therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • As a measure of intrarenal renin activity, we have examined renal plasma flow (RPF) responses in a standardized protocol. (eur.nl)
  • Plasma renin activity and angiotensin levels were reduced in a dose-related manner. (eur.nl)
  • Influence of gender and genetic variability on plasma angiotensin peptides. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The activity of renin and angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) in homogenate was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the activity of AngⅡ in plasma was detected by ELISA. (shsmu.edu.cn)
  • Angiotensin metabolism in renal proximal tubules, urine, and serum of sheep: evidence for ACE2-dependent processing of angiotensin II. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The magnitude and directionality of the excretory response appeared to be dependent on the balance of activity levels between local endogenous angiotensin II/AT1 receptor axis and angiotensin (1-7)/mas receptor axis. (ucc.ie)
  • The observation that longstanding hyperuricemia is associated with chronic tubulointerstitial disease and intrarenal vaso-constriction raised the hypothesis that hyperuricemia might contribute to chronic CSA nephropathy. (ewha.ac.kr)