AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Bile Ducts, ExtrahepaticBile Duct NeoplasmsBile DuctsCholestasis, ExtrahepaticBile Ducts, IntrahepaticHepatic Duct, CommonCommon Bile DuctBiliary Tract NeoplasmsAdenoma, Bile DuctBile Duct DiseasesBiliary TractKlatskin's TumorBiliary AtresiaBileBiliary Tract Surgical ProceduresCholangiographyGallstonesCommon Bile Duct NeoplasmsCholangiocarcinomaCholestasisJaundice, ObstructiveCholestasis, IntrahepaticBile Acids and SaltsGallbladder NeoplasmsCholangitisCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCholedochal CystGallbladderJaundiceCholecystectomyBiliary Tract DiseasesAmpulla of VaterCholangitis, SclerosingCholedochostomySphincterotomy, EndoscopicDrainageLiverJejunostomyAnastomosis, Roux-en-YKeratin-7EndosonographyCommon Bile Duct DiseasesHepatectomyHepatic ArteryPortasystemic Shunt, Transjugular IntrahepaticPancreatic DuctsImmunohistochemistryTomography, X-Ray ComputedAdenocarcinomaTreatment OutcomeSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredCystic DuctPortal VeinCholelithiasisLiver NeoplasmsHypertension, PortalLigation
CholangiocarcinomaTumorsHepaticEpithelial cellsCystic ductCholestasisPancreasDestruction of intrahepatic bileCancersCholangitisPerihilarDistalDilatationMultifocalDuctulesGallbladder and bile ductFibrosisCholangiocarcinomasTumorGallstonesHepatocytesDuodenumPancreatic ductsObstruction of BILE flowPatients with intrahepaticProximalSmall intestineDilationICCAPorta hepatisUltrasoundSaltsEpitheliumSecretionCommonProliferationAriseAmpullaOccurSphincterAnatomicDigestionDiseasesStonesCancerIncidence
Cholangiocarcinoma40
Tumors18
  • Perihilar tumors are the most common CCCs, and intrahepatic tumors are the least common. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Distal extrahepatic tumors are located from the upper border of the pancreas to the ampulla. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, bile duct tumors located within the liver had been classified with hepatocellular carcinoma as primary liver tumors. (tri-kobe.org)
  • [ 1 ] In contrast, bile duct tumors located outside of the liver had been classified with gallbladder cancer as extrahepatic biliary tract tumors. (tri-kobe.org)
  • [ 1 ] The classification of bile duct tumors has changed to include intrahepatic tumors of the bile ducts and extrahepatic tumors (perihilar and distal) of the bile ducts. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Tumors of the intrahepatic bile ducts originate in small intrahepatic ductules or large intrahepatic ducts that are proximal to the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic ducts. (tri-kobe.org)
  • These tumors are also known as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Tumors of this region are also known as extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (Figure 2 ). (tri-kobe.org)
  • Пухлини жовчного міхура та жовчних проток Gallbladder and bile duct tumors can cause extrahepatic biliary obstruction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bile duct tumors aren't all cancerous. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • A couple examples of non-cancerous (benign) tumors are bile duct adenomas and bile duct hamartomas. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • The two primary clinical phenotypes are within the liver, or intrahepatic, large ductal tumors and mass-forming tumors. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • Since your bile duct is situated deep inside your body, doctors can't easily detect tumors during routine physical examinations. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • Launch Biliary tract malignancies (BTC) comprise malignant tumors from the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. (giknet.org)
  • The disadvantages of MRCP are its inability to distend the duct and the equivocal findings due to long segments and minimal narrowing in diffuse sclerosing tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Extrahepatic tumors are divided into proximal, middle, and distal ductal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors located at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts with the proximal common hepatic duct are called Klatskin tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinoid tumors and small-cell carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: a comparative study based on 221 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. (cancercentrum.se)
Hepatic14
  • [ 6 ] ), occur at the bifurcation of right and left hepatic ducts. (medscape.com)
  • Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) may allow access to proximal lesions with obstruction of both right and left hepatic ducts, permitting collection of material for cytologic studies and performance of drainage. (medscape.com)
  • Proliferation of bile duct-like structures is a hepatic cellular reaction observed in most forms of human liver disease and in a variety of experimental conditions associated with liver injury. (idsemergencymanagement.com)
  • They include part of the right and left hepatic ducts that are outside the liver, the common hepatic duct, and the common bile duct. (tri-kobe.org)
  • The hilum is the region where the right and left hepatic ducts exit the liver and join to form the common hepatic duct that is proximal to the origin of the cystic duct. (tri-kobe.org)
  • From the liver, bile flows from the intrahepatic collecting system into the right or left hepatic duct, then into the common hepatic duct. (merckmanuals.com)
  • During fasting, about 75% of the bile secreted passes from the common hepatic duct into the gallbladder via the cystic duct. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The rest flows directly into the common bile duct (formed by the junction of the common hepatic and cystic ducts) into the duodenum. (merckmanuals.com)
  • These occur via the hilum, the spot where your right and left hepatic ducts connect and exit your liver. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. (edu.au)
  • They connect into segmental bile ducts which then form right and left hepatic ducts ( ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister ). (wikilectures.eu)
  • Right and left hepatic ducts exit the liver at the porta hepatis (together with v. portae and a. hepatica propria ). (wikilectures.eu)
  • They start as the right hepatic duct (made from the anterior and posterior ramus ) and the left hepatic duct (made from medial and lateral ramus). (wikilectures.eu)
  • Right and left bile ducts then merge to create the common bile duct which is about 3-5 cm long and which enters the hepatoduodenal ligament (together with a hepatic proper artery on the left and portal vein in the back). (wikilectures.eu)
Epithelial cells1
  • Biopsy findings include degeneration of bile duct epithelial cells, infiltration of bile ducts with lymphocytes and neutrophils, "onion skin" lesions (concentric layers of fibrosis tissue surrounding a bile duct), periportal fibrosis, piecemeal necrosis, portal to portal fibrosis, loss of bile ducts, changes of cholestasis and frank cirrhosis. (texasliver.com)
Cystic duct2
Cholestasis5
Pancreas4
  • A complete abdominal ultrasound examination includes real-time scans of the liver, gallbladder, common bile duct, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, abdominal aorta, and inferior vena cava, as well as a demonstration of any abdominal abnormality. (medicalbillingcodings.org)
  • Detachable stomach and duodenum allowing various scanning methods of the bile duct and pancreas. (imagingsol.com.au)
  • It is a form of protection against the reflux of the bile into the pancreas. (wikilectures.eu)
  • If bile enters the pancreas, severe damage to the pancreas would follow, i.e. acute pancreatic necrosis . (wikilectures.eu)
Destruction of intrahepatic bile2
  • Diagnostic criteria are destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts in a centripetal direction, no extrahepatic involvement, vanishing bile ducts, biliary cast syndrome, and multifocal peribiliary abscesses. (medscape.com)
  • Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune liver disease that leads to progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, increasing the risk of developing cirrhosis and portal hypertension. (bvsalud.org)
Cancers14
  • The etiology of most bile duct cancers remains undetermined. (medscape.com)
  • These findings highlighted a potential carcinogenic impact of As in drinking water on bile duct cancers, paving the way for future studies aiming to replicate this association with individual data as well as its clinical and ecological implications. (lww.com)
  • This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of bile duct cancers. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Many bile duct cancers are multifocal. (tri-kobe.org)
  • Cancers may occur in any area of your bile duct system. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • They group them as extrahepatic bile duct cancers with distal bile duct cancers. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • Intrahepatic bile duct cancers develop inside your liver inside smaller bile duct branches. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • They're extrahepatic bile duct cancers, like perihilar cancers, since they develop outside your liver. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • You may also divide bile duct cancers into kinds determined by the appearance of cancer cells under a microscope. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • Regardless of type, physicians refer to almost all bile duct cancers as cholangiocarcinomas. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • No associations were observed with cancers of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. (who.int)
  • 1 This includes both intrahepatic (inside the liver) and extrahepatic (outside the liver) cancers. (taihooncology.com)
  • Causes of secondary sclerosing cholangitis include drugs, bile duct cancers, past biliary tree surgery and opportunistic infections of the bile ducts that can cause a similar picture in patients with AIDS. (texasliver.com)
  • Stents can be placed to open areas of the common bile duct that are narrowed or blocked by cancers. (medlineplus.gov)
Cholangitis10
  • Bile duct cancer may occur more frequently in patients with a history of primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic ulcerative colitis, choledochal cysts, or infections with the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis . (tri-kobe.org)
  • Sclerosing cholangitis refers to chronic cholestatic syndromes characterized by patchy inflammation, fibrosis, and strictures of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Первинний склерозуючий холангіт (ПСХ) Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is patchy inflammation, fibrosis, and strictures of the bile ducts that has no known cause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Both primary and secondary sclerosing cholangitis cause similar inflammatory and fibrosing lesions scarring the bile ducts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A side effect of a build-up of bilirubin or abnormal liver function, fever and nausea could also occur due to a bile duct blockage causing cholangitis, or infection. (marijuanadoctors.com)
  • Transcystic removal of common bile duct stones and stent in patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for cholangitis is one of these new techniques to manage cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis and stent removal in a single procedure through laparoscopy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation, destruction and fibrosis of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts that leads to cirrhosis of the liver. (texasliver.com)
  • PSC is often complicated by recurrent episodes of bacterial cholangitis (infection of the bile ducts with bacteria). (texasliver.com)
  • Sometimes, large fluctuations in serum bilirubin concentration can occur, even early in the disease, possibly as a result of transient bile duct obstruction or superimposed bacterial cholangitis. (texasliver.com)
  • With the progress in research, scholars have found that besides hepatocytes, intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts can also be attacked by the immune system, leading to the disease known as immune-related cholangitis. (bvsalud.org)
Perihilar1
  • The extrahepatic bile ducts can be further divided into the perihilar (hilum) region and distal region. (tri-kobe.org)
Distal1
  • They are most common in the distal duct and in the periampullary region. (medscape.com)
Dilatation3
  • Etiological Causes of Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Dilatation" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound may demonstrate biliary duct dilatation and larger hilar lesions. (medscape.com)
  • There is no intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation. (medicalbillingcodings.org)
Multifocal3
  • Non-anastomotic biliary complications usually occur due to multifocal strictures at intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts and patients present with features of biliary obstruction. (rug.nl)
  • The characteristic findings include multifocal strictures and dilatations of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. (texasliver.com)
  • Here, we report a case of multifocal intrahepatic CCa (iCCa) who achieved complete long-lasting remission on treatment with metronomic combination therapy of oral celecoxib, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide. (ganzemedizin.at)
Ductules2
  • The proliferating bile ductules are heterogeneous and are histologically classifiable into typical and atypical types[1]. (idsemergencymanagement.com)
  • Bile flows from the centre of the liver lobule to the periphery (portobiliary space) where intrahepatic bile ductules ( canals of Hering ) are formed. (wikilectures.eu)
Gallbladder and bile duct1
Fibrosis1
  • The histopathological findings especially peri-portal fibrosis and bile duct/ ductular hyperplasia are often seen in chronic toxicities. (idsemergencymanagement.com)
Cholangiocarcinomas4
  • Cholangiocarcinomas (CCCs) are malignancies of the biliary duct system that may originate in the liver and extrahepatic bile ducts, which terminate at the ampulla of Vater. (medscape.com)
  • Cholangiocarcinomas arise from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • Cholangiocarcinomas tend to grow slowly and to infiltrate the walls of the ducts, dissecting along tissue planes. (medscape.com)
  • Results of some epidemiologic studies have implicated bacteria-induced carcinogens derived from bile salts (eg, lithocholate) as a causative factor in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinomas. (medscape.com)
Tumor1
  • The most common type is extrahepatic, and the least common type is the intrahepatic tumor. (picmonic.com)
Gallstones4
Hepatocytes3
Duodenum4
Pancreatic ducts2
Obstruction of BILE flow1
  • Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. (bvsalud.org)
Patients with intrahepatic1
  • LYTGOBI is an effective, well-tolerated therapy for patients with intrahepatic CCA that can be taken orally," said Tim Whitten, President and CEO of Taiho Oncology, Inc. "This approval is an important milestone for patients and may provide hope for improved outcomes. (biospace.com)
Proximal1
  • They are generally confined to the proximal ducts. (medscape.com)
Small intestine4
Dilation2
  • Computed Tomography (CT) revealed intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilation. (ispub.com)
  • The second technique is a new indication of a previously described procedure, antegrade balloon papillary dilation to reduce biliary leaks after primary closure of the common bile duct. (bvsalud.org)
ICCA1
Porta hepatis1
Ultrasound3
  • Upper abdominal ultrasound showed dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and a distended gallbladder. (ispub.com)
  • Upper abdominal ultrasound (US) showed dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and a distended gallbladder. (ispub.com)
  • CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound), blood tests, and direct examination of the bile ducts during a procedure called an endoscopy also aid in the diagnosis. (mypathologyreport.ca)
Salts9
  • Bile is isosmotic with plasma and consists primarily of water and electrolytes but also organic compounds: bile salts, phospholipids (mostly lecithin), cholesterol, bilirubin, and other endogenously produced or ingested compounds, such as proteins that regulate gastrointestinal function and drugs or their metabolites. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Bile salts (bile acids) are the major organic component in bile. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Once secreted, bile salts draw other bile components (particularly sodium and water) into the canaliculus by osmosis. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Bile salts are also biologic detergents that enable the body to excrete cholesterol and potentially toxic compounds (eg, bilirubin, drug metabolites). (merckmanuals.com)
  • most intestinal bile salts reach the terminal ileum, which actively absorbs 90% of bile salts into the portal venous circulation. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Returned to the liver, bile salts are efficiently extracted, promptly modified (eg, conjugated if they arrive in the free form), and secreted back into bile. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Bile salts circulate through this pathway from liver to gut to liver-the enterohepatic circulation-10 to 12 times/day. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Bile is isosmotic with plasma and consists primarily of water and electrolytes but also organic compounds: bile salts, phospholipids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bile is a fluid of yellowish-brown colour which consists of bile salts , bile pigments ( bilirubin , biliverdin ), fatty acids, lipids, cholesterol etc. (wikilectures.eu)
Epithelium2
Secretion2
Common10
Proliferation2
Arise1
Ampulla1
  • Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. (lookformedical.com)
Occur1
  • Similar to other types of cancer, symptoms of bile duct cancer don't occur in the disease's earlier stages. (marijuanadoctors.com)
Sphincter1
  • After eating, the m. sphincter ductus choledochi opens and releases bile while the m. sphincter ductus pancreatici remains contracted. (wikilectures.eu)
Anatomic1
  • The biliary system consists of a network of ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small bowel and is classified by its anatomic location (Figure 1 ). (tri-kobe.org)
Digestion1
Diseases2
Stones1
Cancer12
Incidence1
  • 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 Incidence and mortality rates for intrahepatic CC have risen steeply and steadily across the world over the past few decades with concomitant falls in extrahepatic CC rates. (bmj.com)