• Lipid droplets, or LDs, are key lipid storage structures in cells. (asbmb.org)
  • Andrew Greenberg and colleagues identified perilipin as a major protein associated with lipid droplets. (asbmb.org)
  • Perilipin (stained red) binds to the surface of lipid droplets (green) and functions as a dynamic scaffolding protein that controls entry and exit of lipids from the droplets. (asbmb.org)
  • In immunocytochemical studies in differentiated adipocytes, we saw anti-perilipin immunoreactivity in well-defined ringlike patterns around both large and small intracellular lipid droplets. (asbmb.org)
  • Perilipin family members preferentially sequester to either triacylglycerol-specific or cholesteryl-ester-specific intracellular lipid storage droplets. (vkm.no)
  • Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are found in all eukaryotic cells, and serve primarily in lipid storage. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Vimentin has been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. (thermofisher.com)
  • Lipid storage diseases (also known as lipidoses) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of fatty materials (lipids) accumulate in various cells and tissues in the body. (nih.gov)
  • Tiny bodies within cells called lysosomes regularly convert, or metabolize, the lipids and proteins into smaller components to provide energy for the body. (nih.gov)
  • So we hypothesized that LDs serve as active centers for the storage and breakdown of neutral lipids. (asbmb.org)
  • PLIN1 mainly acts as a dynamic scaffold for proteins involved in the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids in LDs. (asbmb.org)
  • and (iii) the intracellular storage lipids, which are mostly triacylglycerols. (nih.gov)
  • Currently, the main focus of the lab is to understand how specific lipids and membrane properties influence intracellular trafficking processes and fat storage in eukaryotic cells. (unifr.ch)
  • Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is predominantly caused by mutations in the NPC1 protein that affect intracellular cholesterol trafficking and cause accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids in lysosomal storage organelles. (addiandcassi.com)
  • Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides unique insight into biomacromolecular complexes by combining solvent contrast variation (H2O:D2O exchange) with either natural contrast between different classes of biomolecules (proteins, RNA/DNA, lipids/detergents) and/or by applying artificial contrast, i.e. deuteration of specific biomolecules. (lu.se)
  • Metallothionein 1A (MT1A) is a small intracellular protein capable of chelating several metal ions, including copper. (vin.com)
  • Among the substances that can be considered hormones, are eicosanoids (e.g. prostaglandins and thromboxanes), steroids (e.g. oestrogen and brassinosteroid), amino acid derivatives (e.g. epinephrine and auxin), protein or peptides (e.g. insulin and CLE peptides), and gases (e.g. ethylene and nitric oxide). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell function. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a hormone binds to the receptor, it results in the activation of a signal transduction pathway that typically activates gene transcription, resulting in increased expression of target proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recognition of the hormone by an associated cell membrane or intracellular receptor protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • RANK binds to transmembrane protein nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL) to activate RANK/RANKL, TRAF6/RANKL/MAPKs, TRAF6/ RANKL/NF-κB, Wnt/RANKL/RANKL, and JAK2/STAT3/RANKL. (frontiersin.org)
  • The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Upon binding to its receptor, insulin activates a cascade of intracellular signaling events. (alliedacademies.org)
  • iii) Lsm12 as a novel NAADP receptor and a two-pore channel (TPC) auxiliary protein necessary for NAADP-evoked Ca 2+ release. (mdanderson.org)
  • The sentence should read: Recently, it was shown that GGAs and the related clathrin adaptor AP-1 complex have functions not only in TGN-endosomal/lysosomal membrane trafficking, but also for the surface expression of a series of integral membrane proteins, including Notch and the epidermal growth factor receptor [13,21, Uemura et al. (googleapis.com)
  • TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)
  • We can assist you in finding the right ELISA kits, PCR kits, recombinant proteins, antibodies, provide you with datasheets, manuals, kit protocols and other information about the products. (gentaurshop.com)
  • Magnesium is involved in nearly every aspect of biochemical metabolism (eg, DNA and protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation). (medscape.com)
  • Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. (thermofisher.com)
  • Functional proteomics is aimed to understand proteins' biological function and their regulation by studying protein-protein interactions within and among multiprotein complexes through affinity purification and mass spectrometric analysis. (mdanderson.org)
  • FTH1 is the heavy subunit of ferritin, the major intracellular iron storage protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (thermofisher.com)
  • A major function of ferritin is the storage of iron in a soluble and nontoxic state. (thermofisher.com)
  • Defects in ferritin proteins are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. (thermofisher.com)
  • This gene encodes the light subunit of the ferritin protein. (genetex.com)
  • Ferritin is the major intracellular iron storage protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (genetex.com)
  • Researchers find higher levels of the iron-storage protein ferritin accelerates tumor cell growth . (knowledgeofhealth.com)
  • Ferritin, the main Iron storage intracellular protein, contains a paramagnetic ferryhydrate core, and thus was proposed as an endogenous MRI reporter gene. (yedarnd.com)
  • The current method enhances the magnetic properties of Ferritin by engineering a Ferritin protein fused to a bacteria-derived peptide. (yedarnd.com)
  • The most common form of albinism is caused by mutations in oculocutaneous albinism II (OCA2), a melanosome-specific transmembrane protein with unknown function. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cohen syndrome is caused by mutations in a novel gene, COH1, encoding a transmembrane protein with a presumed role in vesicle-mediated sorting and intracellular protein transport. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)
  • Further, there are signaling pathways that participate in regulation, such as Wnt channel, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) channel, bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) channel, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs) channel, and Notch channel. (frontiersin.org)
  • Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
  • In addition, phosphorus plays key roles in regulation of gene transcription, activation of enzymes, maintenance of normal pH in extracellular fluid, and intracellular energy storage. (nih.gov)
  • Ion channels are membrane protein complexes that translocate ions across cell or organelle membranes, underlying a broad range of the most basic physiological processes from nerve and muscle excitability, to membrane potential setting, pH/cell volume regulation, secretion and absorption. (mdanderson.org)
  • However, relationship between circulating and intracellular B12 levels as well as regulation of hepatic uptake of B12 is unexplored.Objective: To assess the regulation of cellular uptake and storage of B12 in hepatocytes in. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Dynamic regulation of retinoic acid-binding proteins in developing, adult and neoplastic skin reveals roles for beta-catenin and Notch signalling. (rndsystems.com)
  • My focus is a protein called clathrin, which is involved in many intracellular trafficking pathways. (nature.com)
  • Also, the possibilities of using FND functionalized with viral and pathogenic proteins as surrogates to track how they evade endo-lysosomal pathways will also be explored. (iitk.ac.in)
  • Our main goal is to understand how the molecular properties of proteins and membranes modulate cellular processes. (unifr.ch)
  • Cell membranes are continually remodelled to achieve communication between intracellular compartments and to selectively exchange materials between them. (unifr.ch)
  • Interactions between proteins and membranes are a vital part of cell functioning. (unifr.ch)
  • Some proteins only interact with membranes transiently, while others are constantly embedded into the membrane. (unifr.ch)
  • This study set out to characterise structural components of IgG C-terminal variants which modulate protein expression by examination of the consequences of mutations at the C-terminal of IgG on expression and by the use of fluorescent C-terminal fragment fusion proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conversely, during starvation mTORC1 is inhibited and autophagy is induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to generation of intracellular nutrients and energy during degradation of non-functional or non-essential organelles or protein aggregates [ 4 , 6 ], in turn contributing to cell survival. (springer.com)
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energy status. (alliedacademies.org)
  • When activated, AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits enzymes involved in ATP-consuming processes, such as fatty acid synthesis (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC) and protein synthesis (e.g., mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR). (alliedacademies.org)
  • Metformin is known to reduce lipid levels through activation of AMP activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Metformin increases AMP:ATP ratio activating AMP activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα), a mediator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Because magnesium is bound to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inside the cell, shifts in intracellular magnesium concentration may help to regulate cellular bioenergetics, such as mitochondrial respiration. (medscape.com)
  • Ion channels are membrane proteins that regulate the concentration of key signaling ions to control a wide range of cellular functions. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, LDs are well-organized organelles surrounded by proteins that act as gatekeepers that tightly control lipid entry and exit. (asbmb.org)
  • Far from being inert fat-storage depots within cells, these lipid-loaded organelles recruit immune proteins and block bacterial growth. (the-scientist.com)
  • A tetrameric form of α S has also been identified in human tissues that has been postulated as the inactive storage form of this structurally dynamic protein due to its aggregation resistance [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Normally, multi-tiered cellular quality control systems monitor and repair protein damage, limiting aggregation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This activates a cellular machinery which mediates the organized aggregation of misfolded proteins as well as the subsequent solubilisation and refolding of aggregated proteins. (cam.ac.uk)
  • During activation, platelets release mediators of aggregation, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from storage granules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We previously had seen that after cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, or PKA, activation, a major hyperphosphorylated protein migrates as a 65-67 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. (asbmb.org)
  • Active mTORC1 phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) to promote protein synthesis [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Insulin signaling pathway activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates and activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Akt regulates glucose transport by promoting the translocation of glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, to the plasma membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
  • We knew little about the intracellular architecture of neutral lipid metabolism and the nature and localization of the proteins that regulate LD assembly and maintenance. (asbmb.org)
  • The correct reference is: Uemura T, Sawada N, Sakaba T, Kametaka S, Yamamoto M, Waguri S. Intracellular localization of GGA accessory protein p56 in cell lines and central nervous system neurons. (googleapis.com)
  • Niemann-Pick disease type C is not caused by a deficiency of sphlingomyelinase but by a lack of the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Some HDAC inhibitors lead to a dramatic correction in the NPC phenotype in cells with either one or two copies of the NPC1I1061T mutation, and for several of the inhibitors, correction is associated with increased expression of NPC1 protein. (addiandcassi.com)
  • The findings that HDAC inhibitors can correct cholesterol storage defects in human NPC1 mutant cells provide the potential basis for treatment options for NPC disease. (addiandcassi.com)
  • We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition calreticulin is a major storage form for CALCIUM and functions as a calcium-signaling molecule that can regulate intracellular calcium HOMEOSTASIS. (harvard.edu)
  • The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also involved in the activation of other intracellular messengers such as calcium fluxes, JNK, and SRC kinases. (ptglab.com)
  • Here we took advantage of the conserved nature of LDs across diverse organisms to identify an Arabidopsis protein, AT3G11620, whose homolog in Drosophila was recently shown to be important for lipid storage and LD distribution. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 4 (Smad4) belongs to a family of intracellular proteins that transmit transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. (rndsystems.com)
  • Sialidosis should not be confused with disorders of free sialic acid storage, which are caused by a defect in the lysosomal transport of free sialic acid due to mutations in the AST (anion and sugar transporter) gene. (medscape.com)
  • While the molecular mechanisms underlying LD biogenesis are somewhat understood, relatively few proteins involved have been identified, especially in plants. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • You need info about Human Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) ELISA Kit or any other Gentaur produtct? (gentaurshop.com)
  • Misfolded proteins are sticky and tend to form intracellular aggregates underpinning age-related deterioration and diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. (cam.ac.uk)
  • My lab discovered 1 that a second form of clathrin in humans is specialized for trafficking the GLUT4 glucose transporter to an insulin-sensitive storage compartment in the cell. (nature.com)
  • One of the modifications affected by SARS-CoV-2, known as m6A (a multifaceted regulator of gene expression), is highly important for RNA's basic functions, including transportation of data to the protein-making parts of the cell, and transcription and translation into amino acids there. (sflorg.com)
  • Most mutations in the VPS13B gene are believed to prevent the production of functional VPS13B protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM it binds to specific N-linked oligosaccharides found on newly-synthesized proteins and functions as a MOLECULAR CHAPERONE that may play a role in PROTEIN FOLDING or retention and degradation of misfolded proteins. (harvard.edu)
  • However, the biochemical basis for the combined enzyme deficiency is a loss of a protective protein that interacts with both enzymes to produce catalytic activity. (medscape.com)
  • We provide evidence that TerC family proteins function in metalation of enzymes during export through the general secretion (Sec-dependent) pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • The phosphorylated form of 40S ribosome protein S6 is thus a marker for mTORC1 activity. (springer.com)
  • This novel recombinant fusion protein facilitates conversion of ferrihydrate into crystal magnetite and by this induces MRI contrast. (yedarnd.com)
  • Disorders in which intracellular material that cannot be metabolized is stored in lysosomes are called lysosomal storage diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Increased NPC1I1061T protein levels may partially account for the correction of the phenotype, because this mutant can promote cholesterol efflux if it is delivered to late endosomes and lysosomes. (addiandcassi.com)
  • Seventy percent of plasma magnesium is ionized or complexed to filterable ions (eg, oxalate, phosphate, citrate) and is available for glomerular filtration, while 20% is protein-bound. (medscape.com)
  • Copper is intracellularly bound to specific proteins. (vin.com)
  • Prednisolone is 70-90% protein bound in the plasma, and it is eliminated from the plasma with a half-life of 2 to 4 hours. (drugs.com)
  • Full-length genomic unspliced mRNA is bound by gag-derived proteins and incorporated into the budding particle. (ukessays.com)
  • This paper reports on the kinetics of accumulation of these lipid classes during pollen maturation and the expression patterns of several lipid biosynthetic genes and their protein products that are differentially regulated in developing microspores/ pollen grains (gametophyte) and tapetal cells (sporophyte) of B. napus. (nih.gov)
  • This pattern of expression coincided with accumulation of the intracellular storage and membrane lipid components of pollen. (nih.gov)
  • In lysosomal storage disorders, the deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme interrupts the normal catabolic pathway, resulting in the cellular accumulation of substrates ordinarily degraded by that enzyme. (medscape.com)
  • Frances Brodsky is a cell biologist at University College London (UCL) and co-founder of Traffic , a journal of intracellular transport. (nature.com)
  • The specific biological questions we are trying to address are 1) regulations of intracellular transport by microtubule modifications and motor protein organization, 2) probing lysosome-mTORC1 interactions in response to nutrient signaling, and the implications of these processes in neurodegenerative disorders and lysosomal storage diseases. (iitk.ac.in)
  • It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. (thermofisher.com)
  • In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • One might think that they simply result from lipid molecules separating out within the aqueous intracellular environment. (asbmb.org)
  • In particular, the VPS13B protein is involved in a modification called glycosylation, which is the attachment of sugar molecules to proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We wanted to study these fundamental processes and identify the adipocyte proteins that regulate neutral lipid metabolism in response to fasting and feeding. (asbmb.org)
  • Using a combination of MD simulations and biochemical approaches, we study how membrane properties regulate protein functions, and hence how lipid metabolism may play a role in unexpected, and apparently unrelated, trafficking processes. (unifr.ch)
  • Sialidosis, also known as mucolipidosis type I (ML I), is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disease that has clinical and histologic findings similar to the mucopolysaccharidoses and the sphingolipidoses. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the low abundance of most native ion channel proteins in mammalian cells, the purified native ion channel complexes are commonly contaminated by an overwhelming number and/or amount of non-specifically co-purified proteins, which makes the downstream mass-spectrometric and functional analyses very difficult. (mdanderson.org)
  • The large-conductance, Ca 2+ and voltage-activated K + channel (BK, also termed as BK Ca , Maxi-K, K Ca1.1 or Slo1) is a unique member of the mammalian K + channel family, which has the largest single channel conductance and is dually activated by membrane voltage and intracellular Ca 2+ . (mdanderson.org)
  • The most common type of albinism is caused by defects in a protein called OCA2, which is found in the membrane that surrounds melanosomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • 4. Membrane-protein interactions. (unifr.ch)
  • Moreover, iron interactions with N-terminally acetylated α S, the physiologically relevant form of the human protein, will be addressed to shed light on the current understanding of protein dynamics and the physiological environment in the disease state. (hindawi.com)
  • Over time, excessive storage of fats can cause permanent cellular and tissue damage, particularly in the brain, peripheral nervous system (the nerves from the spinal cord to the rest of the body), liver, spleen, and bone marrow. (nih.gov)
  • Excessive intracellular iron leads to the propagation of cancer stem cells whereas iron chelators (key-lay-tors) that bind up iron do the opposite and are posed as effective treatment against cancer. (knowledgeofhealth.com)
  • These processes enable them to make proteins, which perform most intracellular tasks. (sflorg.com)
  • The energetics of these remodelling processes are governed by the interplay between specialized proteins and membrane properties, but in most cases, we still lack a detailed molecular explanation of how these processes can be modulated in a cellular environment. (unifr.ch)
  • Engineered cells produce proteins that allow scientists to turn cellular processes on and off. (the-scientist.com)
  • The enzymatic defense against oxidative stress consists of several tightly regulated proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and Catalase (CAT). (vin.com)
  • This suggests that ionic homeostasis plays an important role in melanin synthesis and storage, yet how ion channels might contribute to melanosome function and pigmentation remains poorly understood ( Bellono and Oancea, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Calreticulin plays a central role in intracellular Ca homeostasis. (bio.net)
  • Once inside the cell, the nucleoprotein complex accesses intracellular DNA nucleotide triphosphate pools, where the reverse transcriptase protein initiates and creation of a double-stranded DNA copy of the genome of the virus is prepared for integration into the host cell chromosome. (ukessays.com)
  • Cytosolic metalloenzymes acquire metals from buffered intracellular pools. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lipid-soluble hormones must bond to carrier plasma glycoproteins (e.g., thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)) to form ligand-protein complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a first couple of examples, I will show how distance and shape restraints from SANS have helped to improve the uniqueness of structural models for two multi-protein-RNA complexes, in combination with NMR restraints and building blocks from crystallography [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • 1 In humans the only copper storage disease of which the molecular background is resolved is Wilson's disease. (vin.com)
  • Analyzing bacteria in late exponential phase, we capture ~40% ( E. faecalis ) and 43% ( E. faecium ) of the annotated protein-coding genes, determine 5′ and 3′ UTR (untranslated region) length, and detect instances of leaderless mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • PPARalpha activators and fasting induce the expression of adipose differentiation-related protein in liver. (vkm.no)
  • Background: The liver stores 10 μg cobalamin per gram protein and able to hold 50% (1 1.5 mg) of body s B12. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • When reverse transcription is completed, the viral enzyme integrase looks for an appropriate storage place for the DNA, which the integrase clips the host DNA to and binds the double-stranded DNA into the host DNA. (ukessays.com)
  • The group antigens form the viral core structure and are the major proteins which comprise the nucleoprotein core particles. (ukessays.com)
  • Impaired melanin synthesis and storage affects visual system development and pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and hair, leading to reduced protection against ultraviolet radiation and predisposition for skin and eye cancers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Three prizes were awarded to six researchers working across the life sciences on cellular organization, protein structure, and the genetic underpinnings of a chronic sleep disorder. (the-scientist.com)
  • Studies suggest that a loss of this protein disrupts the organization of the Golgi apparatus and impairs normal glycosylation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Andrew Greenberg, his late mentor Constantine Londos and colleagues at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases discovered PLIN1, an abundant protein in fat cells and the first protein identified on the LD surface. (asbmb.org)
  • Genetic material in the body's cells consists of DNA, which serves as long-term storage of genetic information. (sflorg.com)
  • The cells' RNA is modifiable to allow correct transfer of the DNA information to the proteins. (sflorg.com)
  • Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)
  • Prednisolone has slight mineralocorticoid activity, whereby entry of sodium into cells and loss of intracellular potassium is stimulated. (drugs.com)
  • Calreticulin, a 60 kDa Ca-binding protein, is a major ER component of non-muscle cells. (bio.net)
  • This protein is thought to be involved in normal growth and development of nerve cells (neurons) and fat cells (adipocytes), and may play a role in the storage and distribution of fats in the body. (medlineplus.gov)