PathwaysD12.776PathwayPhosphorylationMoleculesKinaseInnateAmino AcidsInvolved in signal transductionReceptorsMiceMeSHCellularEffectorSynthetic peptideMechanismsKinasesSubunitsInterfereRegulationRegulateCyclicAdhesionGeneMAPKApoptosisRegulatesTumorSecretionCascadeMitochondrialMutationsHomologGenesCellsMembraneMetabolismDiseasesActivation
Pathways12
- Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression is increased through protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and deficiency. (harvard.edu)
- After that, manifold proteins and their related molecules were demonstrated to participate in novel signaling pathways related to various cytokines in different types of cells. (novapublishers.com)
- The author of this book discovered a novel protein known as "regucalcin", which suppresses manifold signaling pathways related to transcription activity. (novapublishers.com)
- Signal transduction pathways regulate gene expression in part by modulating the stability of specific mRNAs. (ed.ac.uk)
- They play a role in cell signaling pathways such as those involving G-PROTEINS and the HIPPO-SIGNALING PATHWAY . (nih.gov)
- Activation of this gene may be an important early step in cell growth and intracellular signal transduction pathways triggered in response to certain neural peptides or to cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. (genetex.com)
- Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
- Depletion of these critical signaling molecules by siRNA resulted in inhibition of chlamydial invasion to varying degrees, owing to a possible functional redundancy of the two pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
- However, the prediction of these signaling pathways is primarily based on the structure of Dixdc1. (mcmaster.ca)
- Given the role of Dixdc1 in neural development and brain disorders, we hypothesized that Dixdc1 may regulate additional signaling pathways in the brain. (mcmaster.ca)
- HLB1 Is a Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain-Containing Protein That Operates at the Intersection of the Exocytic and Endocytic Pathways at the TGN/EE in Arabidopsis. (ouhsc.edu)
- This work package utilises our large islet RNA data sets as well as a new human islet cell encyclopedia generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and focuses on miRNA translation pathways, membrane receptor and intracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways. (lu.se)
D12.7761
- For other protein-related codes, see List of MeSH codes (D12.776). (wikipedia.org)
Pathway10
- Downregulation of Herg1 suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion by targeting Hippo signaling pathway]. (cancerindex.org)
- Naringenin Inhibits Superoxide Anion-Induced Inflammatory Pain: Role of Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, Nrf-2 and the NO-cGMP-PKG-KATP Channel Signaling Pathway. (harvard.edu)
- Pope PA, Bhaduri S, Pryciak PM. Regulation of cyclin-substrate docking by a G1 arrest signaling pathway and the Cdk inhibitor Far1. (umassmed.edu)
- The opioid receptor activation regulates a variety of intracellular signaling, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (iasp-pain.org)
- Together, our results demonstrate that the PKCζ-ERK signaling pathway is involved in crotalphine-induced analgesia. (iasp-pain.org)
- For example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway mediates stabilization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in myeloid cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (ed.ac.uk)
- The p38 pathway is required for the induction of TNF-alpha RNA-binding activity and for the expression of TTP protein and mRNA. (ed.ac.uk)
- Our findings demonstrate a direct link between a specific signal transduction pathway and a specific RNA-binding protein, both of which are known to regulate TNF-alpha gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. (ed.ac.uk)
- cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway . (wikipedia.org)
- [3] [1] Noonan syndrome is a type of RASopathy , the underlying mechanism for which involves attenuation of the RAS/MAPK cell signaling pathway. (handwiki.org)
Phosphorylation6
- The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
- A group of enzymes that are dependent on cyclic GMP and catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues of proteins. (harvard.edu)
- Regulating protein breakdown through proteasome phosphorylation. (harvard.edu)
- Repetto MV, Winters MJ, Bush A, Reiter W, Hollenstein DM, Ammerer G, Pryciak PM, Colman-Lerner A. CDK and MAPK Synergistically Regulate Signaling Dynamics via a Shared Multi-site Phosphorylation Region on the Scaffold Protein Ste5. (umassmed.edu)
- We present evidence that phosphorylation of TTP is mediated by the p38-regulated kinase MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2). (ed.ac.uk)
- However, the latter can trigger phosphorylation of a protein fusion between Rad53 and the Mec1-interacting protein Ddc2, suggesting that the inability of Rad53 to transduce the meiosis-specific DSB signals might be due to its failure to access the meiotic recombination sites. (unimi.it)
Molecules7
- It has an essential role in animal development and recruits ion channels, receptors, and signaling molecules to discrete plasma membrane regions of polarized cells in the HEART ATRIA MYOCARDIUM. (umassmed.edu)
- So, Dok-4 and Dok-5 molecules constitute a new group of adapter proteins in T cells, requiring further functional analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
- [1] Adenylate cyclase is activated by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylate cyclase stimulatory G ( G s )-protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)
- Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
- Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
- Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Kinase18
- The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
- The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
- PKCζ-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Mediates Crotalphine-Induced Antinociception. (iasp-pain.org)
- Using primary cultures of sensory neurons, it was demonstrated that crotalphine increases the level of activated ERK1/2 and JNK-MAPKs and this increase is dependent on the activation of protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). (iasp-pain.org)
- Afterwards, calmodulin and protein kinase C were discovered as modulator proteins of intracellular calcium signaling in hormonal action. (novapublishers.com)
- A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subtype primarily found in particulate subcellular fractions. (uchicago.edu)
- Herpes simplex virus protein kinase US3 activates and functionally overlaps protein kinase A to block apoptosis. (uchicago.edu)
- CD4 functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation through its association with the T-cell receptor complex and protein tyrosine kinase, Lck. (thermofisher.com)
- This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is found concentrated in the focal adhesions that form between cells growing in the presence of extracellular matrix constituents. (genetex.com)
- In eukaryotes, cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase ). (wikipedia.org)
- Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus enabling those catalytic units to phosphorylate substrate proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Protein kinase A can also phosphorylate specific proteins that bind to promoter regions of DNA, causing increases in transcription. (wikipedia.org)
- Several classes of protein kinases , including protein kinase C, are not cAMP-dependent. (wikipedia.org)
- Further effects mainly depend on cAMP-dependent protein kinase , which vary based on the type of cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad53 checkpoint kinase in signaling double-strand breaks during the meiotic cell cycle / H. Cartagena-Lirola, I. Guerini, N. Manfrini, G. Lucchini, M.P. Longhese. (unimi.it)
- A neuronal protein consisting of three PDZ DOMAINS, an SH3 DOMAIN, and a C-terminal guanylate kinase-like region (see MAGUK PROTEINS). (bvsalud.org)
- Price TJ, Das V, Dussor G. Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activators For the Prevention, Treatment and Potential Reversal of Pathological Pain. (rush.edu)
- In addition, the Wnt-5a coreceptor Ror2 was found to be involved in regulation of breast cancer cell migration and to associate with DDR1, a tyrosine kinase receptor that participates in Wnt-5a signaling. (lu.se)
Innate2
Amino Acids2
- a ) Maximal fluorescence response to 10 μM glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) of the prototype GLP-1 sensor and the N-terminus deletion variants (16 or 23 first amino acids). (elifesciences.org)
- Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Involved in signal transduction2
- Proteins and peptides that are involved in signal transduction within the cell. (usda.gov)
- Dok proteins are adapter proteins involved in signal transduction. (ox.ac.uk)
Receptors9
- Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of transcription factors and cellular processes in response to signals from cell surface receptors. (usda.gov)
- This peptide induces a potent and long-lasting antinociceptive effect that is mediated by the activation of peripheral opioid receptors. (iasp-pain.org)
- In addition, the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors play important parts in the signaling process, as illustrated in Figure 24-64 . (nih.gov)
- The signaling events initiated by the binding of peptide-MHC complexes to T cell receptors (signal 1). (nih.gov)
- The activities of adhesion and signaling receptors in platelets are controlled by several mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
- Among these protein which show upregulation are a variety of channels and receptors. (asra.com)
- The discovery of the gene sequences and predicted protein structures, role of CCR5 alleles has prompted studies of but their ligands have not been identified the possible role of many other host genes in (orphan receptors). (cdc.gov)
- A signal transducing adaptor protein that contains a single SH2 DOMAIN and is essential for the regulation of SLAM FAMILY RECEPTORS in the immune response. (bvsalud.org)
- Adenylate cyclase is inhibited by agonists of adenylate cyclase inhibitory G ( G i )-protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Mice2
- In addition, mice lacking NEPH1 develop a nephrotic syndrome that resembles NPHS mutations, suggesting that all three proteins are essential for the integrity of glomerular podocytes. (nih.gov)
- Using information gathered from these mice, researchers mapped the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) gene to Xp11.23-Xq13.3. (medscape.com)
MeSH2
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Cellular5
- Cyclic AMP was a major molecule of interest, which played an important role as second messenger, contributing to signal transduction in the regulation of cellular function by peptide hormones. (novapublishers.com)
- Examination of the cell body of these injured axons reveals that though they are not injured, they display evident cellular responses indicative of injury, including increased protein expression. (asra.com)
- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP , cyclic AMP , or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ) is a second messenger , or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Husnjak, K. & Dikic, I. Ubiquitin-binding proteins: decoders of ubiquitin-mediated cellular functions. (nature.com)
- Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. (rush.edu)
Effector5
- In this final section , we discuss the multiple signals that help activate a T cell and how a helper T cell , once activated to become an effector cell , helps activate other cells. (nih.gov)
- To activate a cytotoxic or helper T cell to proliferate and differentiate into an effector cell , an antigen-presenting cell provides two kinds of signals. (nih.gov)
- Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)
- The combined actions of signal 1 and signal 2 stimulate the T cell to proliferate and begin to differentiate into an effector cell by a curiously indirect mechanism. (nih.gov)
- Rabex-5 is a Rab22 effector and mediates a Rab22-Rab5 signaling cascade in endocytosis. (ouhsc.edu)
Synthetic peptide2
- The known synthetic peptide carrier, p458, provides significantly improved immunogenicity when provided as a multimeric conjugate comprising a plurality of peptide carrier units conjugated to each antigen. (justia.com)
- Carrier-protein conjugated synthetic peptide surrounding phospho Tyr576 of human FAK. (genetex.com)
Mechanisms2
- Mechanisms That Activate 26S Proteasomes and Enhance Protein Degradation. (harvard.edu)
- We show that conserved signaling mechanisms regulate the acute transition from proliferative NSCs to committed glutamatergic excitatory neurons. (edu.au)
Kinases8
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (umassmed.edu)
- Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases. (umassmed.edu)
- The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. (genetex.com)
- It is also involved in the activation of protein kinases . (wikipedia.org)
- Not all protein kinases respond to cAMP. (wikipedia.org)
- AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP. (rush.edu)
Subunits5
- They are tetrameric proteins that contain two catalytic subunits and two type II-specific regulatory subunits. (uchicago.edu)
- The active subunits catalyze the transfer of phosphate from ATP to specific serine or threonine residues of protein substrates. (wikipedia.org)
- The GTPase-containing subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. (jefferson.edu)
- The GTP-Binding protein alpha subunits are grouped into families according to the type of action they have on second messenger systems. (jefferson.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
Interfere2
- IL-6 inhibits Th1 differentiation by upregulating supressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 expression to interfere with IFNgamma signaling and the development of Th1 cells. (nih.gov)
- Provided are backbone cyclized peptides that interfere with signaling of the intracellular adaptor protein MyD88. (justia.com)
Regulation2
- and, regulation of biological processes such as chromosomal folding, protein secretion and intracellular signaling. (berkeley.edu)
- Previous studies indicate that Dixdc1 controls neurogenesis through Wnt signaling, whereas its regulation of dendrite and synapse development requires Wnt and cytoskeletal signaling. (mcmaster.ca)
Regulate1
- Together with the previously identified mitochondrial peptides, the newly recognized SHLP family expands the understanding of the mitochondria as an intracellular signaling organelle that communicates with the rest of the body to regulate metabolism and cell fate," noted Dr. Cohen. (genengnews.com)
Cyclic1
- In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins such as Epac1 and RAPGEF2 . (wikipedia.org)
Adhesion2
- The flow-dependent adhesion of platelets to those and other extracellular matrix components is stabilized by a panel of integrins, including integrin α 2 β 1 , α IIb β 3 , and α 6 β 1 (adhesive platelet population), while the initial activation of platelets is achieved by signaling via the collagen/laminin receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI). (frontiersin.org)
- One of the peptides was shortened and modified to yield the formylated hexapeptide, Foxy-5, which was able to copy the effects of Wnt-5a on the intracellular signaling, adhesion and migration of breast epithelial cells. (lu.se)
Gene4
- What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
- Mutations in the SLAM-associated protein gene have been identified in cases of X-LINKED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE. (bvsalud.org)
- Recruitment of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex stabilizes the TNF-R1 signaling complex and is required for TNF-mediated gene induction. (nature.com)
- The identification of mutations in the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) gene associated with IPEX syndrome and a murine model has generated a considerable amount of interest and research. (medscape.com)
MAPK1
- However, whether PKCζ-MAPK signaling is critical for crotalphine-induced antinociception is unknown. (iasp-pain.org)
Apoptosis2
- If a T cell receives signal 1 without signal 2, it may undergo apoptosis or become altered so that it can no longer be activated, even if it later receives both signals ( Figure 24-62 ). (nih.gov)
- The research study ( "Naturally Occurring Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides are Age-Dependent Regulators of Apoptosis, Insulin Sensitivity, and Inflammatory Markers") is published online in the journal Aging. (genengnews.com)
Regulates2
- The zinc finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is expressed in response to LPS and regulates the stability of TNF-alpha mRNA. (ed.ac.uk)
- Linear ubiquitination prevents inflammation and regulates immune signalling. (nature.com)
Tumor1
- We describe how these moieties can be used to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated NF-κB signaling and to detect ubiquitinated cytosolic Salmonella in living cells, emphasizing a more flexible use compared with chain-specific antibodies. (nature.com)
Secretion1
- Chlamydia trachomatis attachment to cells induces the secretion of the elementary body-associated protein TARP (Translocated Actin Recruiting Protein). (elsevierpure.com)
Cascade2
- Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors. (usda.gov)
- We show that TARP participates directly in chlamydial invasion activating the Rac-dependent signaling cascade to recruit actin. (elsevierpure.com)
Mitochondrial2
- Dr. Cohen's team used computer analysis to see if the part of the mitochondrial genome that provides the code for humanin was coding for other proteins as well. (genengnews.com)
- In comparison, our proteomic approach reveals that several important mitochondrial proteins are significantly dysregulated in the absence of Dixdc1, suggesting a novel function of Dixdc1. (mcmaster.ca)
Mutations3
- Mutations of NPHS1 or NPHS2, the genes encoding for the glomerular podocyte proteins nephrin and podocin, cause steroid-resistant proteinuria. (nih.gov)
- Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
- CONTEXT: Autosomal dominant inactivating sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1) mutations have recently been described in individuals presenting mainly with café au lait macules (CALMs), axillary freckling, and macrocephaly. (duke.edu)
Homolog1
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Discs Large Homolog 1 Protein" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
Genes3
- And when we started mapping these active promoter genes, we found that in addition to thousands of signals at sites of known genes, many signals are mapped to different genomic sites where no genes are marked by the reference genome. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
- By integrating these chromatin "signals to promoters" data and transcriptomics data (analysis of RNA transcripts of brain cells from many individuals), we have shown the possibility of discovering new genes that have not yet been annotated. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
- For the most part, in this way we identified a series of protein-non-coding genes, but also some protein-coding ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Cells7
- We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells. (amsbio.com)
- The proteins appear to play several roles in our bodies' cells, from decreasing the amount of damaging free radicals and controlling the rate at which cells die to boosting metabolism and helping tissues throughout the body respond better to insulin. (genengnews.com)
- b ) Representative images showing GLPLight1 expression and fluorescence intensity change before (left) and after (center) addition of 10 μM glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-37) as well as their respective pixel-wise ΔF/F 0 images in HEK293T cells (top) and primary cortical neurons (bottom). (elifesciences.org)
- cAMP is a second messenger , used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline , which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- Collectively, these data implicate TARP in signaling to the actin cytoskeleton remodeling machinery, demonstrating a mechanism by which C.trachomatis invades non-phagocytic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Rab22 controls NGF signaling and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. (ouhsc.edu)
- Altered G Protein Coupling in Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells From Patients With Schizophrenia. (jefferson.edu)
Membrane4
- Upon prolonged high intracellular rises in Ca 2+ , platelets develop a procoagulant phenotype that is characterized by the surface membrane exposure of phosphatidylserine and by the inactivation of integrin α IIb β 3 (procoagulant platelet population) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Several intracellular proteins expressed in lymphocytes meet the criteria of membrane-associated adapter proteins such as members of the Dok family. (ox.ac.uk)
- FAK (phospho Tyr576) antibody detects FAK (phospho Tyr576) protein at cell membrane by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
- A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes. (wakehealth.edu)
Metabolism2
- The research team led by Pinchas Cohen, M.D., dean and professor of the University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, identified the proteins and observed their origin from mitochondria and their game-changing roles in metabolism and cell survival. (genengnews.com)
- This latest finding builds upon prior research by Dr. Cohen and his team that uncovered two significant proteins, humanin and MOTS-c, hormones that appear to have significant roles in metabolism and diseases of aging. (genengnews.com)
Diseases4
- cGMP via PKG activates 26S proteasomes and enhances degradation of proteins, including ones that cause neurodegenerative diseases. (harvard.edu)
- Scientists have discovered a group of six proteins that may help to divulge secrets of how we age, potentially unlocking new insights into diabetes, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other aging-related diseases. (genengnews.com)
- The naturally occurring amounts of each protein decrease with age, leading investigators to believe that they play an important role in the aging process and the onset of diseases linked to older age. (genengnews.com)
- Pharmaceutical compositions including these backbone cyclized peptides as well as their use in treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other diseases associated with MyD88 signaling are also disclosed. (justia.com)
Activation2
- The function of the family member NLR caspase recruitment domain containing protein 5 (NLRC5) remains a matter of debate, particularly with respect to NF-κB activation, type I IFN, and MHC I expression. (unige.ch)
- We previously demonstrated that acute MWCNT exposure led to impaired vascular reactivity that was dependent on MMP-9 activation and CD36 signaling. (cdc.gov)